Abstract
A major history of epidemics was written by Creighton (1891, 1894). This included a review of the documented epidemics from the earliest times. For several topics statistics from Graunt are quoted, sometimes with a healthy scepticism of the wilder estimates of the extent of some epidemics. For much of the earlier period the author relies on the London Bills of Mortality or their equivalent. The revised edition of this work has an extensive bibliography of outbreaks of infection in the period 1894–1960. Reference was made in Chapter 2 to the Bills of Mortality (see Section 2.1). These returns were used to warn the Royal Court when to leave the city in the time of plague. Galbraith (1982) pointed out that four steps were involved: (1) collation of the basic data from the parish registers; (2) conversion of these individual returns to statistics; (3) interpretation of the information; and (4) resulting action when an epidemic occurred. He emphasised that these were still the main principles of surveillance of infectious disease.
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7.4 Bibliography
Note Many of the references in the mortality bibliography which relate to infectious disease may contain statistics from notifications as well as from death certification.
7.4.1 National Publications
Australia Annual Report (Commonwealth Department of Health)
Belgium Annuaire statistique de la Sante Publique (Ministere de la Sante Publique et de la Famille)
Czechoslovakia CSSR Zdravotictovi (Institute for Health Statistics)
Denmark Medicinalberetning, I, Sygdomone og hygiejniske forhold (Sundhedsstyrelsen)
Finland Halsovard (Medicinalstyrelsen)
Greece Statistical Yearbook of Greece (National Statistical Service)
Hungary Statistical Yearbook (Central Statistical Office)
Iceland Heilbrigdisskyrslur (Skrifstofa landlaeknis)
Italy Annuario di Statistiche Sanitarie (Istituto Centrale di Statistica)
Netherlands Compendium Gezondheidsstatistiek Nederland (Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek)
New Zealand Trends in Health and Health Services (National Health Statistical Centre, biannual)
Norway Helsestatistikk (Statistikk Sentralbyra)
Poland Concise Statistical Yearbook (Central Statistical Office)
Portugal Estadisticas da Saude (Instituto Nacional de Estatistica)
Scotland Communicable Diseases, Scotland (Communicable Diseases Surveillance Unit)
Sweden Allman Halsooch sjukvard (Socialstyreisen)
Switzerland Bulletin—weekly, with quarterly summaries (Office Federal de la Sante Publique)
7.4.2 Trends
Cholera World trends, 1928–47: WHO (1948b)
Diphtheria North America and Indonesia: Keja et al. (1986)
Gonorrhoea Various, 1938-53: WHO (1954b) 7 countries, 1955–75: WHO (1978c) England and Wales, 1966–78: Adler (1980)
Leprosy 8 countries, 1851–1982: Lechat et al (1986)
Measles World trends, 1969–84: Keja et al (1986)
Poliomyelitis World trends, 1951–75: Paccaud (1979) World trends, 1969–84: Keja et al (1986)
Rubella United Kingdom 1970–83: Tobin et al (1985)
Syphilis 9 countries, 1958–80: WHO (1982)
Tetanus England and Wales, 1970–79: Galbraith et al (1981) World trends, 1969–84: Keja et al (1986)
Tuberculosis 78 countries 1961–72: Bulla (1977) England and Wales, 1945–69: Springett (1971)
Typhoid Various countries, 1922–54: WHO (1955b)
Whooping cough Various countries, 1921–55: WHO (1956)
7.4.3 Surveillance
Raska (1966); Brachman (1982); Evans (1982); Demine et al (1986); WHO (1987)
7.4.4 Area Comparisons
A number of studies of the distribution of infectious diseases have been covered in the text.
Schistosomiasis WHO (1985c)
7.4.5 Prevention
Expanded programme on immunisation: WHO (1987)
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© 1988 Michael Alderson
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Alderson, M. (1988). Infectious Disease Statistics. In: Mortality, Morbidity and Health Statistics. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09068-6_7
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