Abstract
Until the end of the 1960s arms control has been mainly considered on the global level, and it is only since the beginning of the 1970s, that this conce has been extended to a regional level, i.e. Europe. Although East Asia has also witnessed heavy military involvement by the superpowers, with the United States waging two wars in the region since the end of World War II, it is mainly the geographical mobility of the Soviet SS-20s which has since the latter part of the 1970s, focused arms control interest on East Asia. However, this interest diminished after the Williamsburg Declaration on INF and the crisis of global arms control negotiations: although the existence of an increased arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union in East Asia, and a volatile situation on the Korean peninsula suggests the necessity of some sort of arms control. In addition no regional arms control initiative of any importance has come from any East Asian country. This seems to be particularly surprising for a country of the importance ofJapan which is known for some significant unilateral arms control measures concerning its own military forces.
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Notes
For details of the Soviet Far East Air Force see Jane’s Defence Weekly, 9 Mar. 1985; on the Soviet Fleet see Armed Forces, Aug. 1985, vol. 4, no. 3.
Defense of Japan (Tokyo, 1984) pp. 30–4.
Air Force Magazine, Aug. 1985, p. 44. For Soviet comments on Misawa see FBIS-Sov 8511 Apr. 1985,12 Apr. 1985,15 Apr. 1985, 12 Aug. 1985 and 30 Aug. 1985.
Daily Yomiuri, 3 Nov. 1985.
On this see, e.g. Robert G. Sutter, ‘Realities of International Power and China’s “Independence” in Foreign Affairs, 1981–1984’ in Journal of Northeast Asian Studies, vol. III, no. 4, pp. 3–28.
Far Eastern Economic Review, 22 Aug. 1985, p. 45.
Kenneth G. Weiss, ‘The Naval Dimension of the Sino-Soviet Rivalry’, Naval War College Review, Jan.—Feb. 1985, pp. 37–52.
SWB FE/811/1, 18 Nov. 1985.
International Herald Tribune, 30 July 1985.
Jane’s Defence Weekly, 28 Sept. 1985.
International Herald Tribune, 20 Dec. 1984. See also the report in the International Herald Tribune, 5 Apr. 1985 and the Washington Post, 12 Apr. 1985 and 18 Apr. 1985 on the largest Soviet naval task force to appear near Japan in five years to stage the largest exercise ever held by the USSR in the Pacific, ever.
William M. Arkin, ‘Provocations at Sea’, Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, Nov. 1985, pp. 6–7. Desmond Ball, ‘Nuclear War at Sea’, International Security, vol. 10 no. 3, winter 1985/86, pp. 3–31.
Korea Herald, 16 Nov. 1985.
Daily Telegraph, 1 Nov. 1985; SWB FE/8094/i, 29 Oct. 1985.
For details on their deployment see Asian Security 1985, London, 1985, p. 32; Naval Forces, no. IV/1985, vol. VI pp. 94–103.
See, e.g. a TASS commentary which even mentions Japanese press reports on alleged secret talks between Japan and the United States on siting American cruise missiles in Japan, in: SWB SU/8115/A3/2, 22 Nov. 1985.
Oleg Troyanovski, United Nations General Assembly speech, 4 Oct. 1983.
International Herald Tribune, 18 Jan. 1983.
Japan Times, 21 Jan. 1983.
SWB SU/7298, 4 Apr. 1983.
Japan (News bulletin of the Japanese Embassy, London) no. 332, 26 Sept. 1985.
Gerald Segal, ‘China and arms control’, The World Today, vol. 41, nos 8–9, p. 162.
For details on this subject see Reinhard Drifte, ‘China and the NPT’ in Joseph Goldblat (ed). Non-Proliferation: the Why and the Wherefore, pp. 45–55 (London and Philadelphia: Taylor & Francis 1985).
The Military Balance 1985/86, International Institute for Strategic Studies, London, 1985 press conference record of the Japanese Foreign Ministry, 4 Feb. 1986, no.4–2.
Daily Yomiuri, 5 Oct. 1985; see also Pravda as reported in International Herald Tribune, 18 Nov. 1985.
Le Monde, 6–7 Oct. 1985.
International Herald Tribune, 12 Apr. 1985.
Daily Yomiuri, 25 Oct. 1985.
Der Spiegel, 3 June 1985 p. 16. SWB FE/8160/A2/1, 18 Jan. 1986. Neue Zuercher Zeitung, 21 Jan. 1986, TASS, 15 Jan. 1986.
For Japanese views on the Tomahawk see ‘Japan Views the Tomahawk Deployment’, Asian Defence Journal, 10/1984; ‘Tomahoku to Nihon no boei’, Seiron, Defense Information no. 11, Nov. 1984.
L. Freedman, ‘Strategic Arms Control at Sea’, Naval Forces, no. II/1985, vol. VI, pp. 30–6.
Michael Nacht, ‘The Bad, the Dull, and the Empty: Multilateral Arms Control and the Soviet Union’ in Edward Luck (ed). Arms Control: the Multilateral Alternative (New York, 1983) pp. 108–9.
This phrase has been inspired by Chalmer Johnson, ‘East Asia: Another Year of Living Dangerously’, Foreign Affairs, vol. 62, no. 3, 1983, pp. 721–45.
Johan J. Hoist, ‘Confidence-Building Measures: a Conceptual Framework’, Survival, vol. XXV, no. 1, Jan./Feb. 1983.
Joachim Glaubitz, ‘Zu Gorbatchows Vorschlag eines Gesamtasiatischen Forums, Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik’, Ebenhausen, Aug. 1985, pp. 3–5; for an official Mongolian Interpretation of Mongolia’s proposal for a regional pact outlawing the use of force in May 1981 see Jargalsaik-hany Enkhsaikhan, ‘Ensuring Peace in Asia and the Pacific: the Mongolian Initiative’, Asian Survey, vol. XXV, no. 10, Oct. 1985, pp. 1031–8.
Nacht, op. cit., p. 103.
Glaubitz, op. cit., p. 13.
Le Monde, 30 June-1 July 1985; Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 31 Aug. 1985.
Neue Zuercher Zeitung, 28 Sept. 1985.
Glaubitz, op. cit., pp. 14 and 18. SWB FE/8168/A2/1 28, Jan. 1986 and 25 Jan. 1986.
SWB FE/7959/A2/1, 24 May 1985.
International Herald Tribune, 16 Sept. 1985.
Glaubitz, op. cit., p. 6. Asian Security 1985, op. cit., p. 178. For a Soviet interpretation of CBM see Vladislav Leonidovich Shvetsov, Mezhdunarod-nyye Otnosheniya, Moscow 1984, 88 pp.
For the full text see CD/498, 16 Apr. 1984.
Liberal Star, 10 Apr. 1985.
Glaubitz, op. cit., p. 11.
A/CN. 10/PV.67, 30 May 1983.
Far Eastern Economic Review, 1 Dec. 1985.
For an interesting Japanese point of view see Hiroshi Kimura, The Soviet proposal on Confidence-building measures and the Japanese response, in: Japan’s New World Role, edited by Joshua D. Katz and Tilly C. Friedman-Lichtschein (Westview Press, 1985) pp. 81–104.
North-South relations on the Korean Peninsula. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Asian and Pacific Affairs of the Committee of Foreign Affairs. House of Representatives, 20 Mar. 1984, p. 75.
Asian Security 1985, op. cit., p. 104.
The Korean conundrum. A conversation with Kim II Sung. Committee on Foreign Affairs. US House of Representatives, Washington, Aug. 1981, pp. 9–10.
Hearing 20 Mar. 1984, op. cit., Appendix 1.
Korea Herald, 7 June 1984.
Korea Herald, 12 Oct. 1984.
Far Eastern Economic Review, 8 Aug. 1985, p. 10. Washington Post, 6 Oct. 1984.
SWB FE/8084/A3/1, 17 Oct. 1985; Korea Herald, 31 Oct. 1985. SWB FE/ 8128/A3/5, 7 Dec. 1985 and 9 Dec. 1985.
Hearing 20 Mar. 1984, op. cit., pp. 88–9.
Daily Yomiuri, 27 May 1985; International Herald Tribune, 23 -4 Nov. 1985.
Japan Times, 9 Oct. 1985.
International Herald Tribune, 8 Nov. 1985.
For a detailed discussion of this agreement see Sean M. Lynn-Jones, A quiet success for arms control, International Security, spring 1985, vol. 9, no.4, pp. 154–84.
International Herald Tribune, 9 Sept. 1985.
See Lynn-Jones, op. cit., p. 183. For a selection of Soviet statements on surprise actions see speech by Ambassador Wegener before the Conference on Disarmament (Geneva) in: CD/PV.223, 7 July 1983.
International Herald Tribune, 15 Aug. 1985.
Jane’s Defence Weekly, 25 Jan. 1986.
For a discussion of this approach see John H. Barton and Ryukichi, Imai (eds), Arms Control II: a New Approach to International Security (Cambridge, 1981).
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© 1987 Gerald Segal
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Drifte, R. (1987). Arms Control and the Superpower Balance in East Asia. In: Segal, G. (eds) Arms Control in Asia. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08975-8_2
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