Abstract
Mr Crosland made his proposals on the binary system in 1965 and in 1966 a White Paper, A Plan for Polytechnics and other Colleges (Cmnd 3006) was issued, three years after Robbins, to give context and shape to them. At the outset the Paper made a valuable analysis of the position in 1965, showing that there were about 40000 full-time and sandwich students, divided almost equally, in advanced courses in technical, commercial and art colleges in England and Wales, of whom nearly 12000 were working for degrees, 8000 for the Higher National Diploma and around 7000 taking art qualifications. Alongside the full-time and sandwich students, over 100000 students were taking part-time day and evening courses at an advanced level, about 2500 working for degrees and more than 50000 for Higher National Certificate.1
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Notes
K. Jacka, C. Cox, J. Marks: The Rape of Reason, London, 1975. These three authors were members of the faculty at PNL, aware of good work going on and opposed to what they saw as wrecking and who were elected on to the governing committees. They witnessed what they have written about with great vehemence, providing what they call an ugly history of mass resentment and spite against individuals and the institution and failure of nerve of many in authority (but not of the Director, Terence Miller).
As a selected counter-bibliography: M. Teodoric (ed.) The New Left: A Documentary History, London, 1970; A. Arblaster: Academic Freedom, London, 1974; A. Cockburn and R. Blackburn: Student Power, London, 1969.
A. Arblaster: Academic Freedom, London, 1974
A. Cockburn and R. Blackburn: Student Power, London, 1969.
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© 1989 W. A. C. Stewart
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Stewart, W.A.C. (1989). The Rise of the Polytechnics. In: Higher Education in Postwar Britain. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07064-0_15
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