Abstract
With the introduction of wage labour by the colonialists in Africa, the African worker was exposed to the exigencies of the world of work. It is therefore not surprising that the early strikes recorded to have taken place in Africa were in 1874, when Nova Scotian settlers in Freetown struck against the Sierra Leone Company for higher wages. There is, however, a controversy surrounding the exact date of trade union origin in Africa.1 Nevertheless, the first substantive union was formed in Lagos in 1905 by indigenous civil servants. In spite of these early developments, union growth and function in Africa, except for European settlers, tended to be slow and unrecognised until 1916 to 1917, when in the outbreak of the First World War and the revolution in Russia, a great interest was created in the institutions of workers’ power.2
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Notes and References
See Damachi, U. G. et al. (eds.) (1979) Industrial Relations in Africa (London: Macmillan) ch. 1;
Wodis, J. (1961) Africa: The Lion Awakes (London: Lawrence & Wishart);
Busch, G. (1980) Political Currents in the International Trade Union Movements, vol. 2 (London: The Economist Intelligence Unit) p. 2.
Busch, ibid., p. 2.
For details, see Damachi, U. G. (1976) The Role of Trade Unions in the Development Process: With a Case Study of Ghana (New York: Prae-ger) ch. 2.
Schregle, J. (1982) Negotiating Development: Labour Relations in Southern Asia (Geneva: International Labour Office) ch. 1.
Dunlop, J. T. (1958) Industrial Relations Systems (New York: Holt Rinehart & Winston).
Cordova, E. (1980) ‘Collective Labour Relations in Latin America: A Reappraisal’, Labour and Society, 5 (3), 227–42.
Bain, G. S. and H. A. Clegg (1974) ‘A Strategy for Industrial Relations Research in Great Britain’, British Journal of Industrial Relations, 12 (1), 103.
See Schregle, J. (1982) Negotiating Development, ch. 2, for a succinct discussion on development.
See Damachi, U. G. (1976) Leadership Ideology in Africa: Attitudes Toward Socioeconomic Development (New York: Praeger) for a detailed discussion of African economic systems.
The ‘Shunto’ is joint union action for wage increases.
Tokunboh, M. A. (1983) ‘Opening address by the Chairman’, in Fashoyin, T. (ed.) (1983) Trade Unions: A Matter of Necessity or Expediency (Lagos: Institute of Personnel Management of Nigeria, Industrial Relations Forum Series, no. 1) p. 22.
Davies, I. (1966) African Trade Unions (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books) p. 26.
Iwuji E. ‘Industrial Relations in Kenya’, in Damachi, U. G. et al. (eds) Industrial Relations in Africa, ch. 6.
Adapted from Walker, K. F. (1967) ‘Lectures on Industrial Relations’, (Geneva: International Institute for Labour Studies) mimeo, p. 3.
See the Nigerian Guardian, Wednesday, 14 March 1984.
For details, see Damachi, U. G. (1976) The Role of Trade Unions in the Development Process: With a Case Study of Ghana, ch. 5.
Gertzel, C. ‘Industrial Relations in Zambia to 1975’, in Damachi, U. G. (1979) et al. Industrial Relations in Africa, ch. 9.
Federal Republic of Nigeria (1977) Federal Military Government’s Views on the Report of the Tribunal of Inquiry into the Activities of Trade Unions (Lagos: Federal Ministry of Information, Printing Division) pp. 5–8.
Harbison, F. H. and J. R. Coleman (1951) Goals and Strategy in Collective Bargaining (New York: Harper & Row).
For details of the Kenyan and Tanzania Approach, see Damachi, U. G et al. (eds) (1979) Industrial Relations in Africa, chs 6, 7.
See Martens, G. R. ‘Industrial Relations and Trade Unionism in French-speaking West Africa’, and
Kenrick, R. ‘Survey of Industrial Relations in the Cameroon’, in Damachi, U. G. et al. (1979) ibid., chs 2, 3.
Omolayole, M. O. ‘The Significance of Collective Bargaining’, in Fashoyin, T. (1983) Trade Unions: A Matter of Necessity or Expediency, p. 55.
For details, see Ubeku, A. K. (1983) Industrial Relations in Developing Countries: The Case of Nigeria (London: Macmillan);
Roberts, B. C. and L. G. De Bellecombe (1967) Collective Bargaining in African Countries (New York: St. Martin’s Press).
Gladstone, A. (1980) ‘Trade Unions; Growth and Development’, Labour and Society, 5 (1), 51–2.
Muir, J. D. and J. L. N. Brown ‘The Changing Role of Government in Collective Bargaining’, in Kassalow, E. and U. G. Damachi (eds) (1978) The Role of Trade Unions in Developing Societies (Geneva: International Institute for Labour Studies) ch. 7.
Mihyo, P. ‘Industrial Relations in Tanzania’, in Damachi, U. G. et al. (eds) (1979) Industrial Relations in Africa, ibid., ch. 7.
Kraus, J. ‘The Political Economy of Industrial Relations in Ghana’, in Damachi, U. G. et al. (eds) ibid., ch. 4.
For details see Nelson, R. ‘Political Dilemmas of Nigerian Labour’, in Damachi, U. G. and H. D. Seibel,(eds) (1973) Social Change and Economic Development in Nigeria (New York: Praeger) ch. 7.
Arrighi, G. and J. S. Saul (1968) ‘Socialism and Economic Development in’, The Journal of Modern African Studies, 6(2), 141–69;
and Fanon, F. (1965) The Wretched of the Earth (London: MacGibbon & Kee) p. 98.
For details, see Kraus, J. (1979) ‘Political Economy’, ch. 4,
Kendrick, R. (1979) ‘Survey of Industrial Relations’, ch. 3,
Mihyo, P. (1979) ‘Industrial Relations’, ch. 7,
Routh, G. ‘Development Paths in Tanzania’ in Damachi, U. G. et al. (1976) Development Paths in Africa and China (London: Macmillan) ch. 2.
See Nyerere, J. ‘The Task Ahead of African Trade Unions’, Labour, June 1961;
Nkrumah, K. Speech to the 10th Annual Delegate Conference of the CPP, reported in Ghanaian Workers, 9 August 1959.
Friedland, W. H. ‘Labour’s Role in Emerging African Socialist State’, in Beling, W. A. (ed.) (1968) The Role of Labour in African Nation-Building (New York: Praeger) pp. 20–30.
For a succinct discussion on union behaviour and the environment see Bok, D. C. and J. T. Dunlop (1970) Labour and the American Community (New York: Simon and Schuster) pp. 471–8.
For example, Walker, K. F. (1974) ‘Workers’ Participation in Management — Problems, Practice’, International Institute for Labour Studies Bulletin (Geneva) no. 12, pp. 3–35.
See Damachi, U. G. (1982) ‘Workers’ Participation in Management’, Perman, 9 (1), 15.
For details, see Ubeku, A. K. (1983) Industrial Relations in Developing Countries, ch. 4.
For details, see Damachi, U. G. (1982) ‘Workers Participation in Management’, pp. 16–17.
Omolayole, M. O. (1983) ‘Significance of Collective Bargaining’, p. 56.
For the African Management Style, see Damachi, U. G. (1978) Theories of Management and the Executive in the Developing World (London: Macmillan) ch. 11.
Sheppard, H. L. and N. Q. Herrick (1972) Where Have the Robots Gone? (New York: The Free Press).
Rebhan, H. (1980) Trade Unions and the World (London: Anvil Printers Limited) p. 121.
Rebhan, H. ibid., pp. 118–19.
For details, see Damachi, U. G. et al. (1976) Development Paths in Africa and China (London: Macmillan) pp. 78–9.
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© 1986 Ukandi G. Damachi and Hans Dieter Seibel
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Damachi, U.G. (1986). Industrial Relations: A Development Dilemma. In: Damachi, U.G., Seibel, H.D. (eds) Management Problems in Africa. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-05478-7_6
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