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Disability pp 223–229Cite as

Palgrave Macmillan

Implants: Concepts and Trends

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Part of the book series: Strathclyde Bioengineering Seminars ((KESE))

Summary

Probably 106 replacement joints of all kinds are made per year in the world. Success rates at the hip and knee are 80 per cent or better, with failures about 5 per cent. Of the known causes of failure, loosening, fatigue failure, wearing out and body reaction to wear or corrosion products are the most serious now, or are likely to be, as joints are replaced in younger and more active patients. Articulating surfaces are increasingly being designed in conjunction with fixation interfaces, so that the former will transmit only those forces that can be safely transmitted by the latter. Fixation by methylmethacrylate cement is standard, but the suspicion that abraded cement contributes to loosening has led to investigation of fixation by bone ingrowth to porous or indented surfaces. To prevent smoothing by fibrous tissue, surface features should have dimensions of several millimetres. Alumina ceramic is being used clinically concurrently with laboratory testing, while in many countries controls are being introduced with the intention of allowing only safe designs in safe materials.

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Authors
  1. S. A. V. Swanson
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R. M. Kenedi J. P. Paul J. Hughes

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© 1979 Bioengineering Unit, University of Strathclyde

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Swanson, S.A.V. (1979). Implants: Concepts and Trends. In: Kenedi, R.M., Paul, J.P., Hughes, J. (eds) Disability. Strathclyde Bioengineering Seminars. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-04835-9_29

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