Abstract
Zambia inherited, at Independence in 1964, an economy and a social structure which very much reduced the new government’s room for manoeuvre. Virtually all the skilled jobs in the economy were occupied by white people1 whose rates of pay reflected their political power and their chances of working elsewhere. Furthermore, there was a whole infrastructure to cater for their particular needs and to minister to their standard of living, in the form of housing and urban services. Thus white housing was in scattered suburbs, separated from black housing areas. Schools, roads, hospitals, shops and the goods in them, hairdressers, cinemas, newspapers had all been developed to cater to the needs of the white population. In some cases parallel but inferior services existed for black people; but in only a few cases had services been shared in such a way that a mere change in government could make them equally available to both races.
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Notes
Figures from Scott R. Pearson, Petroleum and the Nigerian Economy (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1970) and
B. Van Arkadie and C. R. Frank Jr, Economic Accounting and Development Planning (Nairobi: Oxford University Press, 1966).
UN, Statistical Yearbook 1972. The figure for Nigeria in 1965 was 20%, but Nigerian population figures are unreliable even by African standards.
P. Deane, Colonial Social Accounting (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1953) pp. 21–2.
M. Bostock and C. Harvey (eds), Economic Independence and Zambian Copper (New York: Praeger, 1972) Table 5.2.
See R. E. Baldwin, Economic Development and Export Growth: a Study of Northern Rhodesia, 1920–1960 (Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1966) pp. 16ff., for a description of the economy before the development of copper mining; see also
J. Fry and C. Harvey, ‘Copper and Zambia’, in J. Cownie and S. R. Pearson (eds), Commodity Exports and African Economic Development (Boston, DC Heath: Lexington Books, 1974) section 1.
Zambia, Ministry of Labour, ‘The Process of Zambianisation in the Mining Industry’ (Lusaka, 1968) p. 9, quoted by
N. Kessel in C. M. Elliott (eds), Constraints on the Economic Development of Zambia (Nairobi: Oxford University Press, 1971)p. 265.
See Richard Hall, The High Price of Principles: Kaunda and the White South (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1969) ch. 12, especially on the security problems created by half the whites at Independence having relations or business contacts in Rhodesia or South Africa.
Zambia, Second National Development Plan (Lusaka: Government Printer, 1971) p. 50, table 1–11.
M. Burawoy, The Colour of Class on the Copper mines: from African Advancement to Zambianisation, University of Zambia, Institute for African Studies, Zambian papers no. 7 (1972) pp. 33ff., ‘Pressures on the successor’. The quotation is from p. 38.
See Robert Bates, Unions, Parties and Political Development: a Study of Mine-workers in Zambia (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1971)passim.
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© 1976 International Institute for Labour Studies
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Harvey, C. (1976). The Structure of Zambian Development. In: Damachi, U.G., Routh, G., Taha, AR.E.A. (eds) Development Paths in Africa and China. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-02755-2_6
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