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Westley-Gibson, DNB, 1887, xi, 19, and Hunt, ib., 1887, xi, 13, confused him with Robert Clayton (who also appears in Royal Society records) and John Clayton, 1693–1773; W. T. Layton, The Discoverer of Gas Lighting. Notes on the Life and Works of the Rev. John Clayton, D.D., 1657–1725, London, 1926 (BM 8716. d. 11); Browne, J. Chem. Educ., 1940, xvii, 53; Read, (2), 196, says the discovery of coal gas was made in 1687, not 1684 as Layton suggested, since Clayton was then in Virginia, returning in May, 1686, and sending his first letter to the Royal Society in May, 1688.
Anon., Brit. Quart. Rev., 1845, ii, 229–33; AdS, 1762 (1764), h 213–30; Brande, 1848, I, xlviii; A. E. Clark-Kennedy, Stephen Hales D.D., F.R.S., Cambridge, 1929 (Isis, 1930, xiii, 370); F. Darwin, DNB, 1890, xxiv, 32; Fourcroy, (2), iii, 352–60; Gmelin, (1), ii, 724–30; W. Vernon Harcourt, Phil. Mag., 1846, xxviii, 478; Ramsay, (1), 28–38; Saverien, 1773, viii, 179; C. Singer, A History of Biology, Oxford, 1931, 363 f.; C. M. Taylor, The Discovery of the Nature of the Air, London, 1923, 33; T. Thomson. Ann. Phil, 1820, xv, 161; Z. in NBG, 1858, xxiii, 135.
Hales, A Description of Ventilators, 1743; A Treatise on Ventilation, 1755; Clark-Kennedy, 151–69.
J. Dixon, The Literary Life of William Brownrigg, to which are added an Account of the Coal Mines near Whitehaven, etc., Whitehaven, 1801, 239 pp.; reprinted in Ann. Phil., 1817, x, 321, 401; Bettany, DNB, 1886, vii, 85; Russell-Wood, Ann. Sci., 195°, vi, 436; 1951, vii, 199.
G. Jars, Voyages Metallurgiques, 4°, Paris, 1774, i, 248; R. L. Galloway, Annals of Coal Mining, 1898, i, 348–9, 407, 488.
J. Thomson, Life of Cullen, 1859, i, 39.
Thomson, op. cit., 1859, i, 86 f., 93 f.
J. Coutts, A History of the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, 1909, 533; Speakman, Chem. and Ind., 1947, 219.
Kent, An Eighteenth Century Lectureship in Chemistry, Glasgow, 1950, 15; I saw this MS. in 1932 in the possession of Prof. J. M. Thomson; it is now in Paisley Public Library.
Cleghorn, Disputatio Physica Inauguralis, Theoriam Ignis complectans, Edinburgh, 1779, 12.
The Letters of Benjamin Rush, ed. L. H. Butterfield, 2 vols. Princeton, 1951 (incl. Priestley); G. W. Corner, The Autobiography of Benjamin Rush, Princeton, 1948; Miles, Chymia, 1953, iv, 37; M. B. Savin and H. J. Abrahams, J. Franklin Inst., 1956, cclxii, 425; E. F. Smith, Chemistry in America, New York, 1914 (BM 360 c. 91. 155); id., Early Science in Philadelphia, Isis, 1928, x, 177.
T. Andrews, B.A. Rep. 1871, i, 189 (three letters of Lavoisier to Black; reprinted in Riddell, Proc. Belfast Nat. Hist. Phil. Soc, 1921, 135); Ann. Chim., 1791, viii, 225–9 (letter of Black to Lavoisier); Anon., Brit. Quart. Rev., 1845, ii, 233–42; Bibl. Brit., 1805, xxviii, Sci. Arts, 133–46, 324–42; A. Crum Brown, ‘The Development of the Idea of Chemical Composition’, Inaug. Lect., Edinburgh, 1869, 19 f.; Lord Brougham, Lives of Philosophers of the Time of George III, in Works, London, 1855 (or Edinburgh, 1872), i, 1 f., 477 (Brougham attended Black’s lectures; crit. by Anon., Brit. Quart. Rev., 1845, ii, 197); Lord H. Cockburn, Memorials of his Time, Edinburgh, 1856, 50; A. M. Clerke, DNB, 1908, ii, 571; E. Cohen, Chem. Weekbl., 1919, xvi, 168; J. D. Comrie, History of Scottish Medicine, 1932, i, 315; L. Crell, Ann., 1785, I, 346 and plate, Fig. VI (Black’s symbols); Faujas Saint-Fond, Voyage en Angleterre, en ficosse et aux lies Hebrides, Paris, 1797, ii, 267; A. Ferguson, Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb., 1805, V, ii, 101 (dated 23 April, 1801: life of Black; incorrectly says Black d. 26 November, which is followed by Robison); R. Foregger, Anesthesiology, 1957, xviii, 257 (identification of CO2); Hjelt, Chem. Ztg., 1913, xxxvii, 277 (letters of Black on Scheele); Hutton, Shaw, and Pearson, Philosophical Transactions Abridged, 1809, xiii, 610; H. Guerlac, Isis, 1957, xlviii, 124–51, 433–56 (with portr. of youthful Black); W. P. Jorissen, Chem. Weekbl., 1919, xvi, 1579 (Black’s res. on magnesia); J. E. Mackenzie, The Chair of Chemistry in the University of Edinburgh in the 18 and 19 Centuries, J. Chem. Educ., 1935, xii, 503–11; D. McKie, Ann. Sci., 1936, i, 101; 1959 (1961), xv, 65 (MS. of Black’s lectures); id. and Heathcote, The Discovery of Specific and Latent Heats, London, 1935 (summary in Isis, 1936, xxv, 227); M. M. Pattison Muir, Heroes of Science. Chemists, 1883, 30–52; J. P. Muirhead, Correspondence of James Watt, 1846, p. xxii; E. W. J. Neave, Isis, 1936, xxv, 372 (summary of Lectures); Z. Neufville, Tentamen Medicum Inaugurale, DeNatura Aeris Fixi … , Edinburgh 1778; J. R. Partington, College Course of Inorganic Chemistry, 1948, 45 (experiments); id., Chymia, i960, vi, 27; W. Ramsay, (1) Joseph Black, M.D. A Discourse delivered in the Universit of Glasgow on Commemoration Day, igth April, 1904, Glasgow, 1904 (26 pp.; repr. in Diergart, 1909, 431); id., (2) The Gases of the Atmosphere, 1915, 48 (portr.); id., (3) Life and Letters of Joseph Black, M.D., London, 1918 (with intr. and life of Ramsay, by F. G. Donnan), including rather inaccurate quotations from Black’s letters; J. Read, (2), 158–76; H. Riddell, Proc. Belfast Nat. Hist. Phil. Soc, 1919, xx, pt. 3, 49–88 (Black* s connexion with Belfast; see Thorpe; Riddell showed, from a note in the Matriculation Album of Glasgow University, that Black died on 6 December 1799; see also Dobbin, Occasional Fragments of Chemical History, Printed for Private Circulation, Edinburgh, 1942, 1, from Chemist and Druggist, 1899); J. Robison, Lectures on the Elements of Chemistry, delivered in the University of Edinburgh; by the late Joseph Black, M.D., now published from his Manuscripts, 2 vols. 4°, Edinburgh, 1803; biography in vol. I, xvii f. largely from Ferguson; N. Scherer, AllgemeineJ. der Chemie, 1801, vi, 59 (portr.), 98, 108, 346; M. Speter, Chem. Ztg., 1928, lii, 913; id., Z.f. Instrumentenkde., 1930,1, 204 (Black’s simple balance, from Ramsay, 1918, 130, letter from Black to J. Smithson, 18 September 1790; Smithson, Ann. Phil., 1825, x, 52-4 (figure); Faraday, Chemical Manipulation, 1842, 62–4); J. and W. Thomson, An Account of the Life, Lectures, and Writings of William Cullen, Edinburgh, 1859, i, 46 f., 573; T. Thomson, Ann. Phil., 1815, v, 321; id., (1), i, 313 (largely from Robison; incorrectly says Black d. 10 November); T. E. Thorpe, Nature, 1920, cvi, 165 (from Riddell); A. W. Tilden, Famous Chemists, 1921, 22 f.; J. C. Wiegleb, (2), 1791, ii, 139 f. (Meyer and Black).
Playfair, Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., 1812, vii, 495; Smiles, Lives of the Engineers. Boulton and Watt, 1904, 39, 79, 427 (portr.); Stronach, DNB, 1897, xlix, 57.
J. Thomson, Life of Cullen, 1859, i, 578.
Ib., i, 493; ii, 150 f.; Thomson, Ency. Brit. Suppl., 1801, 1, i, 302.
J. Thomson, Life of Cullen, 1859, i, 50.
Black, in F. Home, Experiments on Bleaching, 2 ed., Dublin, 1771, 265 f.; Lectures’, i, 92.
S. H. Higgins, History of Bleaching, 1924,14 f., 17.
John Williams, An Account of some Remarkable Ancient Ruins, lately discovered in the Highlands and Northern Parts of Scotland, 4°, Edinburgh, 1777, 81–3.
Archbold, DNB, 1893, xxiv, 424; Dublin Quart. J. Medical Sci., 1847, iii, 281; Poggen-dorff, (1), ii, 2, 1425; Reilly, J. Chem. Educ., 1950, xxvii, 237 (portr.); see also Lavoisier, Opuscules Physiques et Chimiques, 2 ed., Paris, 1801, 47–56; Fourcroy, (2), iii, 368 f.
Landriani, Dissertation de la chaleur latent, in Obs. Phys., 1785, xxvi, 88–100, 197–207 (histor.); Black, Lectures, 1803, I, xxxviii, 116, 125, 137, 157; Black, letter to Watt, in Muir-head, Correspondence of James Watt, 1846, xxiii; Robison, in Black, Lectures, I, xlii, xlv, 503; Thomson, (2), 1817, i, 107; Harcourt, B.A. Rep., 1839, 46; Lord Brougham, Works, 1872, i 12; Clerke, DNB, 1908, ii, 572; Knott, in Edinburgh’s Place in Scientific Progress (Brit. Assoc), 1921, 9; McKieand Heathcote, The Discovery of Specific and Latent Heats, 1935, 11, 31.
Kent, An Eighteenth Century Lectureship in Chemistry, Glasgow, 1950, 140.
Essays, Chiefly on Chemical Subjects, London, 1805.
Crawford, Experiments and Observations on Animal Heat, 1788, 84, 92; Irvine, Essays, 115, 128; Black, Lectures, 1803, i, 505; Partington, Advanced Treatise on Physical Chemistry, 1952, iii, 467.
McKie and Heathcote, Ann. Sci., 1958 (1960), xiv, 1.
Experiments and Observations on Animal Heat, and the Inflammation of Combustible Bodies. Being an Attempt to Resolve these Phenomena into a General Law of Nature, 8°, London, 1779 (120 pp.); 2 ed. ‘with very large additions’, 1788 (viii 11., 491 pp., 4 plates); dedicated to Kirwan; Partington and McKie, Ann. Sci., 1938, iii, 347.
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Partington, J.R. (1962). Hales and Black. In: A History of Chemistry. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-00309-9_4
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