Abstract
In Chapter 3 we found that sudden closure of a valve causes a wave of pressure intensity given by equation (3.7) or (3.8) to move upstream with velocity a. We also found that two counter-moving waves, the F-wave and the f-wave, co-exist in a pipe when there is a change of flow.
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References
Contractor, D. N.: ‘The reflection of waterhammer pressure wave from minor losses,’ J. bas. Engng, Trans. Am. Soc. mech. Engrs, (1965), 87, pp. 445–452.
Addison, H.: A treatise of applied hydraulics (Chapman and Hall, 5th Ed., 1964).
Binnie, A. M.: ‘The effect of friction on surges in long pipelines,’ Q, J1 Mech. appl. Math., (1951), 4, pp. 330–343.
Gibson, A. H.: The Mechanical properties of fluids (Blackie, 1923).
Further Reading
Stephenson, D.: ‘Waterhammer charts including fluid friction,’ J. Hydraul Div., Proc. Am. Soc. civ. Engrs, (1966), 92, HY5, pp. 71–94.
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© 1969 John Pickford
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Pickford, J. (1969). End Conditions. In: Analysis of Surge. Macmillan Civil Engineering Hydraulics. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-00160-6_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-00160-6_4
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