Skip to main content

National Myth and the First World War

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
  • 467 Accesses

Abstract

Introduces Anderson’s concept of ‘imagined communities’ and nationalism in relation to the First World War. Briefly looks at nationalism in music and introduces Lipsitz’s important concept (adapted from Bakhtin) that popular music is dialogical.

Outlines what myth is in modern society (utilising Barthes and others theorists), how they operate and why they are not simple lies or distortions. Suggests artistic works (including songs) can take three approaches to myth: affirming, shaping and reshaping. Undertakes a general survey of myths relating to the First World War and discusses the increasingly transnational nature of some myths, notably those of war as trauma and soldiers as victims.

Takes a closer look at the specific myths of the First World War in Britain, Ireland, France, Germany, Australia, Canada and the USA.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Bibliography

  • American Psychiatric Association Committee on Nomenclature and Statistics. (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, B. (1983). Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism. London: Verso.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andrews, E. M. (1993). The Anzac illusion: Anglo–Australian relations during World War I. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Archard, D. (1995). Myths, lies and historical truth: A defence of nationalism. Political Studies, XLIII, 472–481.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong, J. (1982). Nations before Nationalism. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashplant, T. G., Dawson, G., & Roper, M. (2000). The politics of war memory and commemoration: Contexts, structures and dynamics. In T. G. Ashplant, G. Dawson, & M. Roper (Eds.), The politics of war: Memory and commemoration. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Australian War Memorial London website. (n.d.). Gallipoli, the birth of a nation 1915. http://www.awmlondon.gov.au/battles/gallipoli. Accessed 4 Mar 2015.

  • Badsey, S. (2001). Blackadder goes forth and the ‘two western fronts’ debate. In G. Roberts & P. M. Taylor (Eds.), The historian, television and television history (pp. 113–126). Luton: Luton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barthes, R. (1972). Mythologies. New York: Hill and Wang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beaumont, J. (2014). “Unitedly we have fought”: Imperial loyalty and the Australian war effort. International Affairs, 90(2), 397–412.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beaumont, J. (2015). Remembering Australia’s First World War. Australian Historical Studies, 46(1), 1–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beaupré, N. (2006). Écrire en guerre, écrire la guerre: France, Allemagne, 1914–1920. Paris: CNRS.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Beaupré, N. (2011). Construction and deconstruction of the idea of French “war enthusiasm” in 1914’. In L. Kettenacker & T. Riotte (Eds.), The legacies of two world wars: European societies in the twentieth century (pp. 41–57). Oxford/New York: Berghahn.

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker, J.-J. (1977). 1914: comment les français sont entrés dans la guerre: contribution à l’étude de l’opinion publique printemps-été 1914. Paris: Fondation nationale des sciences politiques.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bell, P. (2013). Remembering and forgetting – Introduction. In R. Tombs & E. Chabal (Eds.), Britain and France in two world wars: Truth, myth and memory (pp. 155–160). London: Bloomsbury.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benjamin, W. (1968. Illuminations: Essays and reflections (trans: Zohn, H. and ed. Hannah Arendt). New York: Schoken.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beurier, J. (2008). Information, censorship or propaganda? The illustrated French press in the First World War. In H. Jones, J. O’Brien, & C. Schmidt-Supprian (Eds.), Untold war: New perspectives in First World War studies (pp. 293–324). Boston/Leiden: Brill.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Biddle, I., & Knights, V. (2007). Introduction national popular musics: Betwixt and beyond the local and global. In I. Biddle & V. Knights (Eds.), Music, national identity and the politics of location. Aldershot: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bohlman, P. V. (2003). Music and culture: Historiographies of disjuncture. In M. Clayton, T. Herbert, & R. Middleton (Eds.), The cultural study of music: A critical introduction (pp. 45–56). New York/London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bohlman, P. V. (2004). The music of European nationalism: Cultural identity and modern history. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bond, B. (2002). The unquiet Western front. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bond, B. (2015). From Liddell Hart to Joan Littlewood: Studies in British military history. Solihull: Helion.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bongiorno, F. (2014). Anzac and the politics of inclusion. In S. Sumartojo & B. Wellings (Eds.), Nation, memory and Great War commemoration: Mobilizing the past in Europe, Australia and New Zealand (pp. 81–97). Oxford/Bern: Peter Lang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bostanci, A., & Dubber, J. (2014). Remember the world as well as the war: Why the global reach and enduring legacy of the First World War still matter today, British Council. http://www.britishcouncil.org/sites/britishcouncil.uk2/files/remember-the-world-report-v4.pdf. Accessed 26 Feb 2015.

  • Brison, S. J. (1999). Trauma narratives and the remaking of the self. In M. Bal, J. V. Crewe, & L. Spitzer (Eds.), Acts of memory, cultural recall and the present (pp. 39–54). Hanover: University Press of New England.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bures, E. (2014, February 3). Rest in peace: World War I and living memory, Los Angeles Review of Books. http://lareviewofbooks.org/essay/rest-peace-world-war-living-memory. Accessed 13 Mar 2013.

  • Canada. (2011). Commemoration in the 21st century: Report of the standing committee on Veterans affairs. http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2011/parl/XC78-1-411-01-eng.pdf. Accessed Mar 2015.

  • Canada, Parliament of (2012). Government response to the standing committee on veterans affairs Commemoration in the 21st Century report. http://www.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?DocId=5507701, Accessed 21 Mar 2015.

  • Carlyon, L. A. (2001). Gallipoli. London/New York: Doubleday.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chan, J., & Oxley, D. (2004). Deterrent effect of capital punishment: A review of the research evidence. Crime and Justice Bulletin, 84(October), 1030–1046.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chernus, I. (2012). The meaning of myth in the American context, MythicAmerica website. http://mythicamerica.wordpress.com/. Accessed 24 Sept 2014.

  • Chickering, R. (2007). “War enthusiasm?” Public opinion and the outbreak of war in 1914. In H. Afflerbach & D. Stevenson (Eds.), An improbable war (pp. 200–212). Oxford/New York: Berghahn.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cochrane, P. (2015, April 24). The past is not sacred: The “history wars” over Anzac’, the Conversation. http://theconversation.com/the-past-is-not-sacred-the-history-wars-over-anzac-38596. Accessed 3 Sept 2015.

  • Cohen, P. S. (1969). Theories of myth. Man, 4, 337–353.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Community Relations Council. (Northern Ireland) marking anniversaries ‘Remembering the Future’. http://www.community-relations.org.uk/programmes/marking-anniversaries/. Accessed 11 Mar 2015.

  • Connell, J., & Gibson, C. (2002). Sound tracks: Popular music, identity and place. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cook, T. (2014a, August). The world remembers – Canada, BBC History, 42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cook, T. (2014b). Canada’s First World War, 1914–2014 battles of the imagined past: Canada’s Great War and memory. The Canadian Historical Review, 95(3), 417–426.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Culbertson, R. (1995). Embodied memory, transcendence and telling: Recounting Trauma, re-establishing the self. New Literary History, 26(1), 169–195.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Curthoys, A. (2000). National narratives, war commemoration and racial exclusion in a settler society: The Australian case. In T. G. Ashplant, G. Dawson, & M. Roper (Eds.), The politics of war memory and commemoration (pp. 128–144). Abingdon: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Curtis, R., & Elton, B. (1989). Blackadder goes forth, episode 1 ‘Captain Cook’, BBC Television, and BBC Worldwide DVD (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  • Daily Express. (1998, November 6). p.1 and editorial.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daniel, R. T. (2015). Western music: History of Western music from ancient times to the present, Encyclopedia Britannica online. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/398976/Western-music#ref363137. Accessed 24 Jan 2015.

  • Das, S. (2013). Reframing First World War poetry: An introduction. In S. Das (Ed.), The Cambridge companion to the poetry of the First World War (pp. 3–34). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Donohue, J. J.., & Wolfers, J. (2006). Uses and abuses of empirical evidence in the death penalty debate, National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 11982. http://www.nber.org/papers/w11982.pdf. Accessed 17 Aug 2015.

  • The Economist. (2009, December 17). From memory to history. http://www.economist.com/node/15108655. Accessed 4 Mar 2015.

  • Edkins, J. (2006). Remembering relationality: Trauma, time and politics. In D. Bell (Ed.), Memory, Trauma and world politics: Reflections on the relationship between past and present (pp. 99–115). Basingstoke/New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Einhaus, A-M., & Pennell, C. (2014). The First World War in the classroom: Teaching and the construction of cultural memory: Final Project Report, May 2014. http://ww1intheclassroom.exeter.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/FWW-in-the-Classroom-final-project-report.pdf. Accessed 26 Feb 2015.

  • Einhaus, A.-M., & Pennell, C. (2015). Teaching and remembrance in English secondary schools. In B. Ziino (Ed.), Remembering the First World War (pp. 74–89). London/New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eksteins, M. (1989). Rites of spring: The Great War and the birth of the modern age. Boston/New York: Houghton Mifflin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fitzpatrick, D. (2013). Historians and the commemoration of Irish conflicts, 1912–23. In J. Horne & E. Madigan (Eds.), Towards commemoration: Ireland in war and revolution, 1912–1923 (pp. 131–137). Dublin: Royal Irish Academy.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frevert, U. (2005). Europeanizing Germany’s twentieth century. History and Memory, 17(1-2), 87–116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fulbrook, M. (1997). Myth-making and national identity: The case of the GDR. In G. Hosking & G. Schopflin (Eds.), Myths and nationhood. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fussell, P. (2000). The Great War and modern memory, 25th Anniversary edition. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gammage, B. (1994). The broken years. Journal of the Australian War Memorial, 24, 34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garton, S. (1998). War and masculinity in twentieth century Australia. Journal of Australian Studies, 22(56), 86–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geinitz, C. (1998). Kriegsfurcht und Kampfbereitschaft: Das Augusterlebnis in Freiburg. Eine Studie zum Krieqsbeginn 1914. Essen: Klartext.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glancey, J. (2014, November 10). The ring of remembrance, Notre Dame de Lorette, Daily Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/architecture/11220393/The-Ring-of-Remembrance-Notre-Dame-de-Lorette.html. Accessed 12 Mar 2015.

  • Grace, S. (2014). Landscapes of war and memory: The two world wars in Canadian literature and the arts, 1977–2007. Edmonton: University of Alberta Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Granatstein, J. (2014, April 21). Why is Canada botching the Great War centenary?, The Globe and Mail. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-debate/why-is-canada-botching-the-great-war-centenary/article18056398/. Accessed 21 Mar 2015.

  • Grayson, R. (2014). History as reconciliation – West Belfast during the First World War, Impact case study Ref 3b. London: Goldsmiths.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gregory, A. (2003). British “war enthusiasm” in 1914: A reassessment. In G. Braybon (Ed.), Evidence, history and the Great War: Historians and the impact of 1914–18 (pp. 67–85). Oxford/New York: Berghahn.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gregory, A. (2008). The last Great War: British society and the First World War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hadley, F. (2014, August). The world remembers – France. BBC History Magazine, 42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hallifax, S. (2010). “Over by Christmas”: British popular opinion and the short war in 1914. First World War Studies, 1(2), 103–122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hanna, E. (2009). The Great War on the small screen: Representing the First World War in contemporary Britain. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hastings, M. (2015, January 25). ‘Bloodbath on the beaches’ review of Peter Fitzsimons Gallipoli, Sunday Times Culture.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hennion, A. (1983). The production of success: An antimusicology of the pop song. In S. Frith & A. Goodwin (Eds.), On record: Rock, pop and the written word (pp. 14–26). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirschfeld, G. (2011). “The spirit of 1914”: A critical examination of war enthusiasm in German society. In L. Kettenacker & T. Riotte (Eds.), The legacies of two world wars: European societies in the twentieth century (pp. 29–40). New York/Oxford: Berghahn.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holbrook, C., & Ziino, B. (2015). Family history and the Great War in Australia. In B. Ziino (Ed.), Remembering the First World War (pp. 39–55). London/New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmes, R. (1999). The Western Front, BBC Television, transmitted 19 August BBC2 and London: BBC Worldwide Ltd, 17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson, J. (2014). National commemoration after the “second thirty years war”. In S. Sumartojo & B. Wellings (Eds.), Nation, memory and Great War commemoration: Mobilizing the past in Europe, Australia and New Zealand (pp. 27–44). Oxford/Bern: Peter Lang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hynes, S. (1990). A war imagined: The First World War and English culture. London: Bodley Head.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jeffrey, K. (2015). Commemoration and the hazards of Irish politics. In B. Ziino (Ed.), Remembering the First World War (pp. 165–185). London/New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy, M. (2006). Nationalism in music. In The Oxford dictionary of music (2nd ed.). Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kettenacker, L. (2006). Review of Enzyklopädie Erster Weltkrieg, Bulletin of the German Historical Institute London, 28: 1. http://www.perspectivia.net/publikationen/ghi-bulletin/2006-28-1/0087-0091. Accessed 19 Oct 2015.

  • Knischewski, G., & Spittler, U. (1997). Memories of the Second World War and national identity in Germany. In M. Evans & K. Lunn (Eds.), War and memory in the twentieth century (pp. 239–250). London: Berg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolt, R. P. (2014). Nationalism in western art music: A reassessment. National Identities, 17(1), 63–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kurschinski, K., Marti, S., Robinet, A., Symes, M., & Vance, J. F. (2015). The Great War: From memory to history. Waterloo: Wilfrid Laurier University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lake, M., & Reynolds, H. (2010). What’s wrong with Anzac: The militarisation of Australian history. Sydney: University of New South Wales Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamperti, J. (2010). Does capital punishment deter murder? A brief look at the evidence. https://math.dartmouth.edu/~lamperti/my%20DP%20paper,%20current%20edit.htm. Accessed 20 Mar 2015.

  • Leonard, J. (1997). “Facing the finger of scorn”: Veterans’ memories of Ireland and the Great War. In M. Evans & K. Lunn (Eds.), War and memory in the twentieth century (pp. 59–72). Oxford: Berg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levy, D., & Sznaider, N. (2002). Memory unbound: The holocaust and the formation of cosmopolitan memory. European Journal of Social Theory, 5(1), 87–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lind, J. (2008). Sorry states: Apologies in international politics. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lipsitz, G. (2001). Time passages: Collective memory and American popular culture. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Looseley, D. L. (2003a). Popular music in contemporary France: Authenticity, politics, debate. Oxford: Berg.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacCallum-Stewart, E. (2012). Television Docu-Drama and the First World War. http://www.inter-disciplinary.net/ptb/wvw/War2/stewart%20paper.pdf. Accessed 26 Feb 2015.

  • Major, J. (1993, April 22). Speech to the conservative group for Europe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mcauley, J. W. (2014). Divergent memories: Remembering and forgetting the Great War in loyalist and Nationalist Ireland. In S. Sumartojo & B. Wellings (Eds.), Nation, memory and Great War commemoration: Mobilizing the past in Europe, Australia and New Zealand (pp. 119–132). Oxford/Bern: Peter Lang.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCartney, H. B. (2005). Citizen soldiers. The Liverpool Territorials in the First World War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • McCartney, H. B. (2014). The First World War soldier and his contemporary image in Britain. International Affairs, 90(2), 299–315.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McKenna, M. (2014). Keeping in step: The Anzac “resurgence” and “military heritage” in Australia and New Zealand. In S. Sumartojo & B. Wellings (Eds.), Nation, memory and Great War commemoration: Mobilizing the past in Europe, Australia and New Zealand (pp. 151–158). Oxford/Bern: Peter Lang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mignon, P. (1996). Rock et rockers: un peuple du rock? In A. Darré (Ed.), Musique et Politique : Les répertoires de l’identité (pp. 73–91). Rennes: Presses Universitaires de Rennes.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Misztal, B. A. (2003). Theories of social remembering. Maidenhead: Open University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mix, A. (2014, August). The world remembers – Germany. BBC History Magazine. 43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mombauer, A. (2002). The origins of the First World War: Controversies and consensus. Harlow: Pearson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Monbiot, G. (2008, November 11). Lest we forget: The generals chose to kill their sons rather than their policies. The Guardian. http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2008/nov/11/first-world-war-edmund-morel. Accessed 26 Feb 2015.

  • Moschonas, G. (2013). A new left in Greece: PASOK’s fall and SYRIZA’s rise. Dissent, 60(4), 33–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mullen, J. (2015). The show must go on! Popular song in Britain during the First World War. Farnham: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neal, A. G. (1998). National traumas and collective memory: Major events in the American century. New York: Sharpe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Negus, K. (1996a). Globalization and the music of the public spheres. In S. Bramen & A. Sreberny-Mohammadi (Eds.), Globalization, communication and transnational civil society (pp. 179–195). Cresskill: Hampton Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Negus, K. (1996b). Popular music in theory: An introduction. Cambridge: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Overing, J. (1997). The role of myth: An anthropological perspective, or: “The reality of the really made-up”. In G. Hosking & G. Schöpflin (Eds.), Myths and nationhood (pp. 1–18). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Owen, W. (1918). The British library, ADD 43720: Poems of Wilfred Owen f.1, WOBL20F1A.JPG. http://www.oucs.ox.ac.uk/ww1lit/collections/item/4547?CISOBOX=1&REC=1. Accessed 11 Nov 2014.

  • Paterson, T. (2014, March 5). Germany attacked for “scandalous” First World War anniversary spending. Telegraph online. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/world-war-one/10677769/Germany-attacked-for-scandalous-First-World-War-anniversary-spending.html. Accessed 27 Jan 2015.

  • Paxman, J. (2013, October 7). Paxman: Teaching history through Blackadder is ‘stupid’ comments at the Cheltenham Literary Festival quoted by Hannah Furness. Daily Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/10360069/Paxman-teaching-history-through-Blackadder-is-stupid.html. Accessed 6 Nov 2015.

  • Pearson Schools and Colleges website. (2015). Controversy: To what extent was Germany responsible for the outbreak of the First World War in 1914? http://www.pearsonschoolsandfecolleges.co.uk/AssetsLibrary/SECTORS/Secondary/SUBJECT/HistoryandSocialScience/PDFs/KAISER_FUHRER__MARKET_SAMPLE_2.pdf. Accessed 26 Jan 2015.

  • Pennell, C. (2012a). A Kingdom United: Popular responses to the outbreak of the First World War in Britain and Ireland. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Posener, A. (2014, July 30). Germany must admit the war was no accident. The Times.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prost, P. (2014, November 20). de Zeen. http://www.dezeen.com/2014/11/20/notre-dame-de-lorette-international-memorial-philippe-prost-world-war-one/. Accessed 12 Mar 2015.

  • Purcell, S. J. (2000). War, memory and national identity in the twentieth century. National identities, 2(2), 187–195.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ray, L. (2006). Mourning, Melancholia and violence. In D. Bell (Ed.), Memory, trauma and world politics: Reflections on the relationship between past and present (pp. 135–154). Basingstoke/New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, D. (2013). The long shadow: The Great War and the twentieth century. London: Simon and Shuster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, D. (2015). Afterword: Remembering the First World War, an international perspective. In B. Ziino (Ed.), Remembering the First World War. London/New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rojek, C. (2011). Pop music, pop culture. Cambridge: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenthal, L., & Rodic, V. (2015). A storm before the great storm: New faces of a distinctly twentieth-century nationalism. In L. Rosenthal & V. Rodic (Eds.), The new nationalism and the First World War. Palgrave Macmillan: Basingstoke.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Samuel, R. (1994). Theatres of memory: Past and present in contemporary culture. London: Verso.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scates, B. (2009). Manufacturing memory at Gallipoli. In M. Keren & H. H. Herwig (Eds.), War memory and popular culture: Essays on modes of remembrance and commemoration (pp. 57–75). Jefferson/London: McFarland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaffer, F. (2014, January 16). Teaching the First World War: What Europe’s pupils learn about the conflict. The Guardian.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schöpflin, G. (1997). The functions of myth and a taxonomy of myths. In G. Hosking & G. Schöpflin (Eds.), Myths and nationhood (pp. 19–34). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seal, G. (2004). Inventing Anzac: The digger and national mythology. Brisbane: University of Queensland Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sherry, V. (2013). First World War poetry: A cultural landscape. In S. Das (Ed.), The Cambridge companion to the poetry of the First World War (pp. 35–50). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, A. D. (1988). The myth of the “Modern Nation” and the myths of nations. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 11(1), 1–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, L. (2001). Paul Fussell’s The Great War and modern memory: Twenty-five years later. History and Theory, 40(2), 241–260.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spohn, W. (2005). National identities and collective memory in an enlarged Europe. In K. Eder & W. Spohn (Eds.), Collective memory and European identity: The effects of integration and enlargement (pp. 1–14). Farnham: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spourdalakis, M. (2013). Left strategy in the Greek Cauldron: Explaining Syriza’s success, Socialist Register, 49. http://www.spourdalakis.gr/Portals/0/ARTHRA/1_Spourdalakis.pdf. Accessed 5 Feb 2015.

  • Stanley, P. (2014, August). The world remembers – Australia. BBC History Magazine, 41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stevenson, R. (2013). Literature and the Great War. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stibbe, M. (2014). Remembering, commemorating and (re)fighting the Great War in Germany from 1919 to the present day. In S. Sumartojo & B. Wellings (Eds.), Nation, memory and Great War commemoration: Mobilizing the past in Europe, Australia and New Zealand (pp. 205–222). Oxford/Bern: Peter Lang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, D. (2006). Blood, mud and futility? Patrick MacGill and the experience of the Great War. European Review of History – Revue européenne d’Histoire, 13(2), 229–250.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thacker, T. (2014). British culture and the First World War: Experience, representation and memory. London/New York: Bloomsbury.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, J. B. (1996). Tradition and self in a mediated world. In P. Heelas, S. Lash, & P. Morris (Eds.), Detraditionalization: Critical reflections on authority and identity (pp. 89–108). Oxford: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Todman, D. (2005). The Great War: Myth and memory. London/New York: Hambledon and London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Towle, P. (2013). Age and support for military intervention: Beware the archetypes and survey 28–29 August, https://yougov.co.uk/news/2013/10/22/age-and-intervention-could-older-populations-make-/. Accessed 5 Mar 2015.

  • Tudor, H. (1972). Political myth. London: Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Tunney, T. (1999, October). Review of The Trench, Sight and Sound. http://old.bfi.org.uk/sightandsound/review/230. Accessed 22 Jan 2013.

  • van Evera, S. (1994). Hypotheses on nationalism and war. International Security, 18(4), 5–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vance, J. F. (1997). Death so noble: Memory, meaning and the First World War. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verhey, J. (2000). The spirit of 1914: Militarism, myth and mobilization in Germany. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • von Strandmann, H. P. (2011). The mood in Britain in 1914. In L. Kettenacker & T. Riotte (Eds.), The legacies of two world wars: European societies in the twentieth century (pp. 58–76). Oxford/New York: Berghahn.

    Google Scholar 

  • Webber, N., & Long, P. (2014). The last post: British press representations of veterans of the Great War. Media, War & Conflict, 7(3), 273–290.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weisethaunet, H. (2007). Historiography and complexities: Why is music ‘national’? Popular Music History, 2(2), 169–199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wellings, B. (2014). Lest you forget: Memory and Australian nationalism in a global era. In S. Sumartojo & B. Wellings (Eds.), Nation, memory and great war commemoration: Mobilizing the past in Europe, Australia and New Zealand (pp. 45–59). Oxford/Bern: Peter Lang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wellings, B., & Sumartojo, S. (2014). Who owns the myths and legends of the Great War centenary? Monash University Arts News. http://artsonline.monash.edu.au/news-events/. Accessed 7 Aug 2014.

  • Western University. (2011). The Great War: From memory to history conference webpage. http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mem2hist/. Accessed 4 Mar 2015.

  • Wilson, R. (2013). Cultural heritage of the Great War in Britain. Farnham: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, R. (2014). Sad shires and no man’s land: First World War frames of reference in the British media representation of the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars. Media, War and Conflict, 7(3), 291–308.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, R. (2015). Framing the great war in Britain: Modern mediated memories. In B. Ziino (Ed.), Remembering the First World War (pp. 59–73). London/New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winter, J. (2006b). War, remembrance and the uses of the past. In D. Bell (Ed.), Memory, trauma and World politics: Reflections on the relationship between past and present (pp. 54–73). Basingstoke/New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Wohl, R. (1979). The generation of 1914. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yeats, W. B. (1940). Letter of 26 December, 1936, in Letters on poetry from W.B. Yeats to Dorothy Wellesley. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • YouGov. (2014a). ‘WWI: Troops were let down by the generals’ survey 140108 – First World War. https://yougov.co.uk/news/2014/01/09/wwi-generals-let-down-troops/. Accessed 11 Mar 2015.

  • YouGov. (2014b). 100 years on: How Americans remember WWI. https://yougov.co.uk/news/2014/07/28/100-years-americans-remember-wwi/. Accessed 11 Mar 2015.

  • Young, A. R. (1994). The Great War and National mythology. Acadiensis, 23(2 Spring), 155–166.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ziemann, B. (2006). War experiences in rural Germany, 1914–1923. Oxford/New York: Bloomsbury.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ziino, B. (2015). Remembering the First World War today. In B. Ziino (Ed.), Remembering the First World War (pp. 1–18). London/New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Copyright information

© 2017 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Grant, P. (2017). National Myth and the First World War. In: National Myth and the First World War in Modern Popular Music. Palgrave Studies in the History of Subcultures and Popular Music. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-60139-1_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-60139-1_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-137-60138-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-137-60139-1

  • eBook Packages: HistoryHistory (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics