Skip to main content

Environmental policy in Chile: the politics of the comprehensive law

  • Chapter
Greening Environmental Policy

Abstract

After decades of neglect environmental issues are rapidly making their way on to the policy agendas of Latin American governments. Much of the change is due to growing concern over the ecological degradation that has accompanied traditional economic development models. Yet developing countries are understandably reluctant to forgo economic growth in the interest of environmental protection. In order to overcome the divisive issue of growth versus environment, the development community formulated the concept of sustainable development: growth with environmental protection and natural resource conservation. Many of the environmental policy prescriptions of developing nation governments spring from this concept. However, because there is no single, technologically correct alternative to traditional developmental paths the environment can become a highly politicized issue area.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Agüero, F. (1992) ‘Cooperacación Pública-Privado,’ in Centro de Investigación y Planificación del Medio Ambiente, Gestión Ambiental en Chile. Cipma, Santiago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Astorga, E. (1990) ‘Fundamentos de una política nacional ambiental,’ Ecotribuna, Vol. 2, pp. 18–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Astorga, E. (1993) Legislatión Ambiental: Una Nueva Gestión para Chile. Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, Santiago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benedick, R.E. (1991) Ozone Diplomacy: New Directions in Safeguarding the Planet. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brañes, R. (1991) Institutional and Legal Aspects of the Environment in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Browder, J. (1989) Fragile Lands of Latin America: Strategies for Sustainable Development. Westview Press, Boulder, Colo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brundtland Commission (1987) Our Common Future. Oxford University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Centro de Investigación y Planificación del Medio Ambiente (Cipma) (1992) Gestión Ambiental en Chile: Aportes del Cuarto Encuentro Científico Sobre el Medio Ambiente. Cipma, Santiago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Comisión Nacional de Medio Ambiente (CONAMA) (1992) Proyecto de Ley de Bases del Medio Ambiente, mensaje no. 387–324. CONAMA, Santiago, 14 September.

    Google Scholar 

  • CONAMA Technical and Administrative Secretariat (1991) Principios y Objetivos del Proyecto de Ley Base del Medio Ambiente. Mimeo, Santiago de Chile.

    Google Scholar 

  • Commoner, B. (1990) Making Peace with the Planet. Pantheon, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Concertación de Partidos Pogr la Democracia (1989a) Programa de Gobierno. Mimeo, Santiago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Concertación de Partidos Por la Democracia (1989b) Informe Final de la Comisión de Medio Ambiente. Mimeo, Santiago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Concertación de Partidos Por la Democracia (1993) Un Gobierno Para los Nuevos Tiempos: Bases Programáticas del Segundo Gobierno de la Concertación. n.p. Santiago.

    Google Scholar 

  • El Mercurio (1994) ‘Numerosas divergencias con el Senado: Cámara de Diputados despachó proyecto sobre medio ambiente,’ 12 January.

    Google Scholar 

  • Estrategia (1994) ‘Actualidad,’ 31 January.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedmann, J. and Rangan, H. (eds) (1993) In Defense of Livelihood: Comparative Studies on Environmental Action. UNRISD and Kumarian Press, West Hartford, Conn.

    Google Scholar 

  • García, P. (1993) ‘La reserva de la biósfera Alto Orinico-Casiquiare: una opción para el desarrollo sustentable,’ Ambiente, Vol. 15, no. 47, pp. 19–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geisse, G. (1987) ‘El desafío ambiental y la coparticipación pública y privada,’ Ambiente y Desarrollo, Vol. 3, nos 1 & 2, pp. 169–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghai, D. (ed.) (1994) ‘Development and environment: sustaining people and nature,’ Development and Change, Vol. 25, no. 1, special issue.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghai, D. and Vivian, J.M. (eds) (1992) Grassroots Environmental Action: People’s Participation in Sustainable Development. Routledge, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghimire, K.B. (1994) ‘Parks and people: livelihood issues in national parks management in Thailand and Madagasgar,’ Development and Change, Vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 195–229.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Girardi, G. and Rodrigo, P. (1993) ‘Medio ambiente y política: una propuesta para un proyecto de país sustentable.’ Unpublished.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grau, J. (1989) Ecología y Ecologismo (2nd edn). Ediciones Oikos, Santiago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grau, J. (1992) Author interview, Santiago de Chile, 1 July.

    Google Scholar 

  • Güell, G. (1991) ‘Desarrollo y medio ambiente en Chile: la visión empresarial,’ Ambiente y Desarrollo, Vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 24–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guzmán, J.A. (1994) ‘La ley del medio ambiente,’ La Tercera, 2 January.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gwynne, R.N. (1993) ‘Non-traditional export growth and economic development: the Chilean forestry sector since 1974,’ Bulletin of Latin American Research, Vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 149–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haggard, S. (1990) Pathways from the Periphery: The Politics of Growth in Newly Industrializing Countries. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haggard, S. and Kaufman, R. (forthcoming) The Political Economy of Democratic Transitions. Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, P.A. (1989) The Political Power of Economic Ideas: Keynesianism across Nations. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hardin, G. (1968) ‘The tragedy of the Commons’, Science, Vol. 162, pp. 1243–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hurtubia, J. (1991) Seminario Nacional Sobre Instrumentos y Estrategias de Financiamiento para la Política Ambiental Chilena, Mimeo. Santiago de Chile.

    Google Scholar 

  • Infante, P. (1992) ‘Roberto de Andraca: los empresarios podemos compatibilizar desarrollo y medio ambiente,’ Revista Industria, Vol. 1051, pp. 12–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • La Epoca (1994a) ‘Ecologistas piden que Relaciones Exteriores lleve el Tratado de Libre Comercio,’ 5 May.

    Google Scholar 

  • La Epoca (1994b) ‘Codeff dijo norma resguarda exclusivamente intereses empresariales,’ 3 February.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loveman, B. (1991) ‘Misión Cumplida? Civil-military relations and the Chilean political transition,’ Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, Vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 35–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maher, D. (1989) Government Policies and Deforestation in Brazil’s Amazon Region. World Bank, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Max-Neef, M. (1991) A Human Scale of Development: Conception, Application, and Further Reflections. Apex Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miliband, R. (1969) The State in Capitalist Society. Basic Books, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministerio de Agricultura (1992) Proyecto de Ley de Recuperación del Bosque Nativo y Fomento Forestal. Mimeo, Santiago de Chile.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministerio de Bienes Nacionales (1990a) Propuesta Preliminar de Objetivos y Principios Para la Política Nacional Ambiental. Document PNA/CHI/4, 28 October. Santiago de Chile.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministerio de Bienes Nacionales (1990b) Hacia la Formulación de la Política Nacional Ambiental. Document no. PNA/CHI/1, 25 September. Santiago de Chile.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministerio de Bienes Nacionales (1991) Propuesta Para la Formulación de los Objetivos y Principios de la Política Nacional Ambiental. November, Santiago de Chile.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministerio de Bienes Nacionales (1992) Proyecto de Ley Marco Sobre la Política Nacional del Medio Ambiente. Draft, mimeo, 28 April. Santiago de Chile.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muñoz, H. (1994) ‘Free trade and the environment: the cases of Chile, Mexico, and Venezuela.’ Paper presented at the conference on ‘The Politics of Latin American Environmental Policy in International Perspective,’ University of California, San Diego, 21–3 January.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muñoz, H. and Rosenberg, R. (eds) (1993) Difficult Liaison: Trade and the Environment in the Americas. University of Miami North-South Center Books, Miami, Fla.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nielson, D.L. and Stern, M.A. (forthcoming) ‘Multilateral lending institutions and the environment: a discussion of the political dynamic between lenders, donors and recipients,’ in G.J. MacDonald, D.L. Nielson and M.A. Stern (eds) The Politics of Latin American Environmental Policy in International Perspective. Westview Press, Boulder, Colo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oppenheim, L.H. (1993) Politics in Chile: Democracy, Authoritarianism, and the Search for Development. Westview Press, Boulder, Colo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parson, E.A. (1993) ‘Protecting the ozone layer,’ in P.M. Haas, R.O. Keohane, and M.A. Levy (eds) Institutions for the Earth: Sources of Effective International Environmental Protection. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Partido por la Democracia (PPD) (1992) Propuestas Para el Período 1992–1993 y Balance de la Gestión de Gobierno Para el Período 1990–1991. Mimeo, Santiago, April.

    Google Scholar 

  • Partido por la Democracia (PPD) (1993) ‘La dimensión ambiental del desarrallo,’ in PPD, Programa Presidencial Ricardo Lagos: Más Chile para todos. PPD, Santiago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Partido Socialista-Partido por la Democracia (PS-PPD) (1992) Posición Sobre la Ley del Medio Ambiente. Mimeo, Santiago de Chile.

    Google Scholar 

  • Przeworski, A. (1986) Capitalism and Social Democracy. Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Redclift, M. and Goodman, D. (eds) (1991) Environment and Development in Latin America: The Politics of Sustainability. Manchester University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Renovación Nacional (1990) Proyecto de Ley General del Medio Ambiente. Mimeo, Santiago de Chile.

    Google Scholar 

  • Repetto, R. (1988) The Forest for the Trees: Government Policies and the Misuse of Forest Resources. World Resources Institute, Wasington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • República de Chile (1994) ‘Ley sobre bases generales del medio ambiente,’ Diario Oficial de la Repóblica de Chile, no. 34, 810, 9 March, pp. 3–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rich, B. (1990) ‘Multilateral development banks and tropical deforestation,’ in S. Head and R. Heinzman (eds) Lessons of the Rainforest. Sierra Club Books, San Francisco, Calif.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rich, B. (1993) Mortgaging the Earth. Beacon, Boston, Mass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodrigo, P. (1992) Author interview, 21 June.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodrigo, P. (1994) Author interview, 29 May.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schamis, H.E. (1991) ‘Reconsidering Latin American authoritarianism in the 1970s: from bureaucratic authoritarianism to neoconservatism,’ Comparative Politics, Vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 201–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartzman, S. (1991) ‘Deforestation and popular resistance in Acre: from local social movement to global network,’ The Centennial Review, Vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 397–422.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silva, E. (1992–3) ‘Capitalist regime loyalties and redemocratization in Chile,’ Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, Vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 77–117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silva, E. (1994) ‘Thinking politically about sustainable development in the tropical forests of Latin America,’ Development and Change, Vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 697–721.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silva, E. (forthcoming) ‘Conservation, sustainable development, and the politics of native forest policy in Chile,’ in G.J. MacDonald, D.L. Nielson and M.A. Stern (eds) The Politics of Latin American Environmental Policy in International Perspective. Westview Press, Boulder, Colo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, P.H. (1991) ‘Crisis and democracy in Latin America,’ World Politics, Vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 608–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sociedad de Fomento Fabril (1992) ‘Empresarios para un desarrollo sostenible,’ Revista Industria, Vol. 1049, pp. 26–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solari, J. (1992) Author interview, Santiago de Chile, 21 July.

    Google Scholar 

  • Undurraga, J. (1991) ‘La industria minera frente a la demanda ambiental del país,’ Ambiente y Desarrollo, Vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 53–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weaver, J. and O’Keefe, K. (1991) The Evolution of Development Economics. Mimeo, The American University, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, R.R. (1993) North, South, and the Environmental Crisis. University of Toronto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williamson, J. (1990) Latin American Adjustment: How much has Happened? Institute for International Economics, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Bank (1991) World Development Report 1991: The Challenge of Development. Oxford University Press, New York.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • World Bank (1992a) World Development Report 1992: Development and the Environment. Oxford University Press, New York.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • World Bank (1992b) The World Bank and the Environment. World Bank, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Resources Institute (1991) Accounts Overdue: Natural Resource Depreciation in Costa Rica. World Resources Institute, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Resources Institute (1994) World Resources, 1994–95: A Guide to the Global Environment. Oxford University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 1995 Eduardo Silva

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Silva, E. (1995). Environmental policy in Chile: the politics of the comprehensive law. In: Fischer, F., Black, M. (eds) Greening Environmental Policy. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-08357-9_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics