Abstract
Secession is a topic traditionally addressed by political scientists and historians, not economists. The former have addressed it in their attempts to understand the process of nation building, the definition of state versus nation, the integration of populations, and the political development accompanying modernization.1 Some have specialized in the international aspects of separatism by studying the cause and effect of secession on various aspects of international relations,2 while others have studied the role of nationalism in secession.3 Psychological studies have emerged studying groups and their behavior in secessionist activity.4 Historians have studied secessionist movements during and after colonial times, such as those that thrived within the Ottoman, Russian and Austro-Hungarian Empires.5 Anthropological studies have observed secession from the viewpoint of ethnic groups and their functioning under various forms of national integration.6 Philosophers have addressed secession from the point of view of the moral right to secede and the moral imperative to accept secession and recognize the seceding region.7 Legal experts have even extended the concept of secession to include employment-related issues.8 Finally, geographers have contributed to the debate by affirming the importance of territory and social space.9
Turning and turning in the widening gyre
The falcon cannot hear the falconer;
Things fall apart; the center cannot hold;
Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world
—W. B. Yeats
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Notes
Lee Buchheit, Secession: The Legitimacy of Self-Determination, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1978
Michael Burgess, Federalism and Federation in Western Europe, London: Croom Helm, 1986
Donald Gelfand and Russell Lee, eds., Ethnic Conflicts and Power: A Cross-National Perspective, New York: John Wiley, 1973
Raymond Hall, Ethnic Autonomy: Comparative Dynamics, New York: Pergamon, 1979
Setin Rokkan and Derek Urwin, eds., The Politics of Territorial Identity, London: Sage Publications, 1982
Dov Ronen, The Quest for Self-Determination, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1979
Frederick Shiels, ed., Ethnic Separatism and World Politics, Lanham: University Press of America, 1984.
Naomi Chazan, ed., Irredentism and International Politics, Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1991
Astri Suhrke and Lela Garner Noble, eds., Ethnic Conflict in International Relations, New York: Praeger, 1977
Judy Bartelsen, ed., Non-state Nations in International Politics: A Comparative System Analysis, New York: Praeger, 1977
James Mayall, Nationalism and International Society, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
John Breuilly, Nationalism and the State, Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1985
Colin Williams, ed., National Separatism, Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1982
Anthony Smith, The Ethnic Revival, London: Cambridge University Press, 1981
Leo Despres, ed., Ethnicity and Resource Competition in Plural Societies, The Hague: Mouton, 1975, among others.
Robert LeVine and Donald Campbell, Ethnocentrism: Theories of Conflict, Ethnic Attitudes and Group Behavior, New York: John Wiley 1972
Vanik Volkan, Cypress#x2014;War and Adaptation: A Psychoanalytic History of Two Ethnic Groups in Conflict, Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1979.
Rupert Emerson, From Empire to Nation: The Rise to Self-Assertion of Asian and African Peoples, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1960
Ali Mazrui, Post-Imperial Fragmentation, Denver: University of Denver (Center on International Race Relations), 1960
O. Jaszi, The Dissolution of the Hapsburg Monarchy, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1929
R. Hart-shiorne “A Survey of the Boundary Problems of Europe” in C. C. Colby, ed., Geographical Aspects of International Relations, Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat Press, 1970
F. Czernin, Versailles 1919, New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1964.
Also, see the section on economic nationalism in the aftermath of the breakup of empires in Nigel Harris, National Liberation, London: I. B. Tauris, 1990, pp. 244–268.
Fredrik Barth, ed., Ethnic Groups and Boundaries, Boston: Little, Brown, 1979
Nathan Glazer and Daniel Moynihan, eds., Ethnicity, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1975.
Allen Buchanon, Secession, Boulder: Westview Press, 1991.
Mark McLaughlin, “Employee Secession: A Company’s Rights When Staffers Leave and Clients Follow,” New England Business 8, no. 19, November 17, 1986, pp. 58–59.
J. Anderson, “Nationalism and Geography” in The Rise of the Modern State, Brighton: Harvester Press, 1986
J. Agnew “Is there a Geography of Nationalism? The Case of Place and Nationalism in Scotland” in C. H. Williams and E. Kofman, eds., Community Conflict, Partition and Nationalism, London: Croom Helm, 1987
D. B. Knight, “Geographical Perspectives on Self- Determination,” in P. Taylor and J. House, eds., Political Geography: Recent Advances and Future Direction, London: Croom Helm, 1984.
Walter Conner, “Nation Building or Nation Destroying?” World Politics 24, 1972, p. 342.
This view is held by M. Hechter (Internal Colonialism: The Celtic Fringe in British National Development, 1536–1966, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1975)
and T. Nairn (The Break-Up of Britain: Crisis and Neo-National-ism, London: New Left Books, 1977).
Miroslav Hroch, Social Preconditions of National Revival in Europe, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985; Beth Michneck, “Regional Autonomy, Territoriality, and the Economy” paper presented to the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies, Washington, D.C., October 1990
Anthony Birch, Nationalism and National Integration, London: Unwin Hyman, 1989.
Christine Drake, National Integration in Indonesia: Patterns and Policies, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1989, p. 145.
E. J. Hobsbawm, Nations and Nationalism Since 1780, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
Immanuel Wallerstein, Africa: The Politics of Independence, New York: Vintage, 1961, p. 88.
Milica Zarkovic Bookman, The Political Economy of Discontinuous Development, New York: Praeger 1991.
Peter Leslie, “Ethnonationalism in a Federal State: The Case of Canada,” in Joseph Rudolph, Jr., and Robert J. Thompson, eds., Ethnoterritorial Politics, Policy and the Western World, Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1989, p.47.
Ian Bremmer, “Fraternal Illusions: Nations and Politics in the USSR” paper presented to the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies, Miami, 1991, p. 47; Albert O. Hirshman, Exit, Voice and Loyalty, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1970.
C. M. Turnbull, A History of Singapore 1819–1988, Singapore: Oxford University Press, 1989, p. 288.
Tom Nairn, The Break-Up of Britain, London: New Left Books, 1977.
William Beer, The Unexpected Rebellion: Ethnic Activism in Contemporary France, New York: New York University Press, 1980.
Michael Hechter, Internal Colonialism: The Celtic Fringe in British National Development 1536–1966, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1975.
Peter Alexis Gourevitch, “The Emergence of Peripheral Nationalisms: Some Comparative Speculations on the Spatial Distribution of Political Leadership and Economic Growth,” The Comparative Study of Society and History 21, July 1979, p. 303–322.
Karl Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication, 2nd ed., New York: MIT Press, 1966
and Karl Deutsch Nationalism and its Alternatives, New York: Knopf, 1969
Samuel Huntington, Political Order in Changing Societies, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1968.
This view is attributed to Otto Bauer, and discussed in Alexander J. Motyl, “From Imperial Decay to Imperial Collapse: The Fall of the Soviet Empire in Comparative Perspective” in Richard L. Rudolph and David F. Good, eds., Nationalism and Empire: The Hahshurg Empire and the Soviet Union, New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1992, p. 28.
The word “usually” is used because the relationship between income per capita and education is not always positive, as was found by David Morawetz (Twenty-five Years of Economic Development, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1977).
Frank Ley and Edwin M. Truman, “Toward a Rational Theory of Decentralization: Another View,” American Political Science Review 65, March 1971, p. 88.
United Nations, Decentralization for National and Local Development, New York, 1962, p. 88
cited in Al-Agab Ahmed Al-Teraifi, “Regionalisation in the Sudan” in Peter Woodward, ed., Sudan After Nimeiri, London: Routledge, 1991, p. 92.
Frederick Pryor, A Guidebook to the Comparative Study of Economic Systems, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1985.
Copyright information
© 1992 Milica Zarkovic Bookman
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bookman, M.Z. (1992). Economic Variables and Phases of the Secessionist Process. In: The Economics of Secession. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-07984-8_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-07984-8_2
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-60650-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-07984-8
eBook Packages: Palgrave History CollectionHistory (R0)