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Impact of Incarceration on Community Public Safety and Public Health

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Public Health Behind Bars

Abstract

The purpose of the chapter is to provide data and theory to support three propositions:

  • Incarceration rates have grown in concentrated ways, especially effecting poor minority males who come from impoverished neighborhoods.

  • High levels of incarceration, concentrated in impoverished neighborhoods, damage the social capital of those who live there, destabilizing the capacity for informal social control.

  • Reductions in informal social control have devastating consequences for public safety and public health.

The implications of this argument are that incarceration policy in the United States is an obstruction to the well-being of poor, especially minority, communities. Crime rates have fallen nationally for almost two decades, but imprisonment numbers have not fallen in commensurate ways. This is largely due to a current cohort of people serving long sentences, augmented by a system built on high rates of failure among those who get caught up in it. This situation suggests that any chance for real reform requires changes in justice system policy.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Incarceration rate comparisons taken from Walmsley (2018).

  2. 2.

    Unless otherwise cited, data for this section are taken from various federal reports of prison population demographics (especially Bonczar, 2003), justice processing statistics, and the US census.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Rutgers Law School, Newark, NJ, USA

    Todd R. Clear

  2. School of Criminal Justice Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ, USA

    Chase L. Montagnet

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Correspondence to Todd R. Clear .

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  1. Correctional Health Care Consultant, New York, NY, USA

    Robert B. Greifinger

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Clear, T.R., Montagnet, C.L. (2022). Impact of Incarceration on Community Public Safety and Public Health. In: Greifinger, R.B. (eds) Public Health Behind Bars. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1807-3_2

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