Skip to main content

Lymphomas of the Testis in Elderly Patients

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Management of Urological Cancers in Older People

Abstract

Primary testicular lymphoma (PTL) is the most common malignant testicular tumor in men older than 50 years. Among them, diffuse large B-cell subtype is the most frequent. Other lymphoma subtypes are very rare. Typical clinical presentation is a painless unilateral testicular mass. Constitutional symptoms such as fever, weight loss, anorexia, and night sweats are rare at diagnosis. Treatment is complex and requires a multidisciplinary approach. The therapeutic strategy will be dependent on the initial characteristics of the patient, particularly the International Prognostic Index (IPI) including characteristics of the tumor (stage, histology) and characteristics of the patients (performance status, age, and comorbidity). The orchidectomy will provide the diagnosis and is part of the treatment. The specificity of the outcome of PTL-DLBCL is a high risk of extranodal relapse, particularly CNS relapse and contralateral testis, even in cases with localized disease at diagnosis. These particular features remain the most therapeutic challenges in the treatment of PTL. Therefore, management of the patients should be carefully discussed in terms of adjuvant therapy after orchidectomy, including immunotherapy with R-CHOP or R-CHOP-like regimen, CNS prophylaxis, and radiotherapy for the opposite testis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 229.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Booman M, Douwes J, Glas AM, de Jong D, Schuuring E, Kluin PM. Primary testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphomas have activated B-cell-like subtype characteristics. J Pathol. 2006;210(2):163–71.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Gundrum JD, Mathiason MA, Moore DB, Go RS. Primary testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a population-based study on the incidence, natural history, and survival comparison with primary nodal counterpart before and after the introduction of rituximab. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(31):5227–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Moller MB, d’Amore F, Christensen BE. Testicular lymphoma: a population-based study of incidence, clinicopathological correlations and prognosis. The Danish Lymphoma Study Group, LYFO. Eur J Cancer. 1994;30A(12):1760–4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Shahab N, Doll DC. Testicular lymphoma. Semin Oncol. 1999;26(3):259–69.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Zucca E, Conconi A, Mughal TI, et al. Patterns of outcome and prognostic factors in primary large-cell lymphoma of the testis in a survey by the International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21(1):20–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Zucca E, Roggero E, Bertoni F, Cavalli F. Primary extranodal non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. Part 1: gastrointestinal, cutaneous and genitourinary lymphomas. Ann Oncol. 1997;8(8):727–37.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Hasselblom S, Ridell B, Wedel H, Norrby K, Sender Baum M, Ekman T. Testicular lymphoma – a retrospective, population-based, clinical and immunohistochemical study. Acta Oncol. 2004;43(8):758–65.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Lagrange JL, Ramaioli A, Theodore CH, et al. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the testis: a retrospective study of 84 patients treated in the French anticancer centres. Ann Oncol. 2001;12(9):1313–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Ferry JA, Harris NL, Young RH, Coen J, Zietman A, Scully RE. Malignant lymphoma of the testis, epididymis, and spermatic cord. A clinicopathologic study of 69 cases with immunophenotypic analysis. Am J Surg Pathol. 1994;18(4):376–90.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Heller KN, Teruya-Feldstein J, La Quaglia MP, Wexler LH. Primary follicular lymphoma of the testis: excellent outcome following surgical resection without adjuvant chemotherapy. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2004;26(2):104–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Kremer M, Ott G, Nathrath M, et al. Primary extramedullary plasmacytoma and multiple myeloma: phenotypic differences revealed by immunohistochemical analysis. J Pathol. 2005;205(1):92–101.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Swerdlow S, Campo E, Harris N, et al. WHO classification of tumors of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. Lyon: IARC Press; 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Doll DC, Weiss RB. Malignant lymphoma of the testis. Am J Med. 1986;81(3):515–24.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Paladugu RR, Bearman RM, Rappaport H. Malignant lymphoma with primary manifestation in the gonad: a clinicopathologic study of 38 patients. Cancer. 1980;45(3):561–71.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Turner RR, Colby TV, MacKintosh FR. Testicular lymphomas: a clinicopathologic study of 35 cases. Cancer. 1981;48(9):2095–102.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Alizadeh AA. Distinct types of diffuse large B cell lymphoma identified by gene expression profiling. Nature. 2000;403:503–11.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Al-Abbadi MA, Hattab EM, Tarawneh MS, Amr SS, Orazi A, Ulbright TM. Primary testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma belongs to the nongerminal center B-cell-like subgroup: a study of 18 cases. Mod Pathol. 2006;19(12):1521–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Bosga-Bouwer AG, Kok K, Booman M, et al. Array comparative genomic hybridization reveals a very high frequency of deletions of the long arm of chromosome 6 in testicular lymphoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2006;45(10):976–81.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Bea S, Zettl A, Wright G, et al. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma subgroups have distinct genetic profiles that influence tumor biology and improve gene-expression-based survival prediction. Blood. 2005;106(9):3183–90.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Rickert CH, Dockhorn-Dworniczak B, Simon R, Paulus W. Chromosomal imbalances in primary lymphomas of the central nervous system. Am J Pathol. 1999;155(5):1445–51.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Vitolo U, Ferreri AJ, Zucca E. Primary testicular lymphoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2008;65(2):183–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Edge SB, Compton CC. The American Joint Committee on Cancer: the 7th edition of the AJCC cancer staging manual and the future of TNM. Ann Surg Oncol. 2010;17(6):1471–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Fonseca R, Habermann TM, Colgan JP, et al. Testicular lymphoma is associated with a high incidence of extranodal recurrence. Cancer. 2000;88(1):154–61.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. The International Non-Hodkin’s Lymphoma Prognostic Factors Project. A predictive model for aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. N Eng J Med. 1993;329:987–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Sehn LH, Berry B, Chhanabhai M, et al. The revised International Prognostic Index (R-IPI) is a better predictor of outcome than the standard IPI for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with R-CHOP. Blood. 2007;109(5):1857–61.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Fisher RI, Gaynor ER, Dahlberg S, et al. Comparison of a standard regimen (CHOP) with three intensive chemotherapy regimens for advanced non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 1993;328(14):1002–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. McKelvey E, Gottlieb J, Wilson H, et al. Hydroxyldaunomycin (adriamycin) combination chemotherapy in malignant lymphoma. Cancer. 1976;38:1484–93.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Coiffier B, Lepage E, Briere J, et al. CHOP chemotherapy plus rituximab compared with CHOP alone in elderly patients with diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2002;346(4):235–42.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Tilly H, Lepage E, Coiffier B, et al. Intensive conventional chemotherapy (ACVBP regimen) compared with standard CHOP for poor-prognosis aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood. 2003;102(13):4284–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Wilson WH, Grossbard ML, Pittaluga S, et al. Dose-adjusted EPOCH chemotherapy for untreated large B-cell lymphomas: a pharmacodynamic approach with high efficacy. Blood. 2002;99(8):2685–93.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Reyes F, Lepage E, Ganem G, et al. ACVBP versus CHOP plus radiotherapy for localized aggressive lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2005;352(12):1197–205.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Pfreundschuh M, Trumper L, Osterborg A, et al. CHOP-like chemotherapy plus rituximab versus CHOP-like chemotherapy alone in young patients with good-prognosis diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma: a randomised controlled trial by the MabThera International Trial (MInT) Group. Lancet Oncol. 2006;7(5):379–91.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Pfreundschuh M, Trumper L, Kloess M, et al. Two-weekly or 3-weekly CHOP chemotherapy with or without etoposide for the treatment of elderly patients with aggressive lymphomas: results of the NHL-B2 trial of the DSHNHL. Blood. 2004;104(3):634–41.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Pfreundschuh M, Schubert J, Ziepert M, et al. Six versus eight cycles of bi-weekly CHOP-14 with or without rituximab in elderly patients with aggressive CD20+ B-cell lymphomas: a randomised controlled trial (RICOVER-60). Lancet Oncol. 2008;9(2):105–16.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Delarue R, Haioun C, Broussais-Guillaumot F, et al. Efficacy and safety of prophylactic use of darbepoetin alfa in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treated with immunochemotherapy: results of the interim analysis of the LNH03-6B GELA study. Paper presented at the American Society of Hematology, New Orleans, 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Boehme V, Schmitz N, Zeynalova S, Loeffler M, Pfreundschuh M. CNS events in elderly patients with aggressive lymphoma treated with modern chemotherapy (CHOP-14) with or without rituximab: an analysis of patients treated in the RICOVER-60 trial of the German High-Grade Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Study Group (DSHNHL). Blood. 2009;113:3896–902.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Crellin AM, Hudson BV, Bennett MH, Harland S, Hudson GV. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the testis. Radiother Oncol. 1993;27(2):99–106.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Seymour JF, Solomon B, Wolf MM, Janusczewicz EH, Wirth A, Prince HM. Primary large-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the testis: a retrospective analysis of patterns of failure and prognostic factors. Clin Lymphoma. 2001;2(2):109–15.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Sussman EB, Hajdu SI, Lieberman PH, Whitmore WF. Malignant lymphoma of the testis: a clinicopathologic study of 37 cases. J Urol. 1977;118(6):1004–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Catherine Thieblemont M.D., Ph.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer-Verlag London

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Thieblemont, C., Benet, C., Briere, J. (2013). Lymphomas of the Testis in Elderly Patients. In: Droz, JP., Audisio, R. (eds) Management of Urological Cancers in Older People. Management of Cancer in Older People, vol 1. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-999-4_23

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-999-4_23

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-85729-986-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-85729-999-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics