Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Lymphedema pp 11–28Cite as

Etiology and Classification of Lymphatic Disorders

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

  • 1974 Accesses

Abstract

Beyond lymphedema, in its diverse manifestations, there is a spectrum of human disease that directly or indirectly alters lymphatic structure and function. Not surprisingly, the symptomatic and objective presentation of these patients is quite heterogeneous. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis pose distinct challenges. In this overview, the various categories of lymphatic disease are enumerated and viewed through the prism of lymphatic embryological development (Chap. 4).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   159.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Wigle JT, Harvey N, Detmar M, et al. An essential role for Prox1 in the induction of the lymphatic endothelial cell phenotype. EMBO J. 2002;21(7):1505-1513.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Rockson SG. Lymphedema. Am J Med. 2001;110(4):288-295.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Rockson SG. Diagnosis and management of lymphatic vascular disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;52(10):799-806.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Nakamura K, Rockson SG. Molecular targets for therapeutic lymphangiogenesis in lymphatic dysfunction and disease. Lymphat Res Biol. 2008;6(3–4):181-189.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Rockson SG. The unique biology of lymphatic edema. Lymphat Res Biol. 2009;7(2):97-100.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Nonne M. Vier Fälle von Elephantiasis congenita hereditaria. Virchows Arch. 1891;125:189-196.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Milroy W. An undescribed variety of hereditary oedema. NY Med J. 1892;56:505-508.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Brice G, Child AH, Evans A, et al. Milroy disease and the VEGFR-3 mutation phenotype. J Med Genet. 2005;42(2):98-102.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Falls HF, Kertesz ED. A new syndrome combining pterygium colli with developmental anomalies of the eyelids and lymphatics of the lower extremities. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1964;62:248-475.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Faul JL, Berry GJ, Colby TV, et al. Thoracic lymphangiomas, lymphangiectasis, ­lymphangiomatosis, and lymphatic dysplasia syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;161(3 Pt 1):1037-1046.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Radhakrishnan K, Rockson SG. The clinical spectrum of lymphatic disease. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2008;1131:155-184.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Chiu NT, Lee BF, Hwang SJ, Chang JM, Liu GC, Yu HS. Protein-losing enteropathy: ­diagnosis with (99 m)Tc-labeled human serum albumin scintigraphy. Radiology. 2001;219(1):86-90.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Hilliard RI, McKendry JB, Phillips MJ. Congenital abnormalities of the lymphatic system: a new clinical classification. Pediatrics. 1990;86(6):988-994.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Fox U, Lucani G. Disorders of the intestinal mesenteric lymphatic system. Lymphology. 1993;26(2):61-66.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Jermann M, Eid K, Pfammatter T, Stahel R. Maffucci’s syndrome. Circulation. 2001;104(14):1693.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Patel DV. Gorham’s disease or massive osteolysis. Clin Med Res. 2005;3(2):65-74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Kihiczak GG, Meine JG, Schwartz RA, Janniger CK. Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome: a multisystem disorder possibly resulting from a pathogenic gene for vascular and tissue overgrowth. Int J Dermatol. 2006;45(8):883-890.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Warren AG, Janz BA, Borud LJ, Slavin SA. Evaluation and management of the fat leg syndrome. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007;119(1):9e-15e.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Glasgow CG, Taveira-DaSilva A, Pacheco-Rodriguez G, et al. Involvement of lymphatics in lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Lymphat Res Biol. 2009;7(4):221-228.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Falk Cardiovascular Research Center, Stanford, CA, USA

    Stanley G. Rockson

Authors
  1. Stanley G. Rockson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. George Washington University, Washington D.C, Washington, USA

    Byung-Boong Lee

  2. School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92037, California, USA

    John Bergan

  3. Falk Cardiovascular Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305, USA

    Stanley G. Rockson

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer-Verlag London Limited

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Rockson, S.G. (2011). Etiology and Classification of Lymphatic Disorders. In: Lee, BB., Bergan, J., Rockson, S. (eds) Lymphedema. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-567-5_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-567-5_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-85729-566-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-85729-567-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation