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Experimental Studies in Face Transplantation: Primate Model

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The Know-How of Face Transplantation

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Abstract

In offering optimal reconstruction for severe facial disfigurement, the advent of human face transplantation constitutes a landmark achievement in medicine and stands as a historical testament to the creativity, intelligence, ingenuity, and boldness of the human species. Facial allotransplantation has been modeled in rodents, canines, swine, and lagomorphs. However, human and rodent immune systems are dissimilar to a degree that precludes translation of tolerance induction protocols to humans. Nonhuman primates have long been used as translational models of human immunology and transplant immunobiology due to recent evolutionary divergence and shared major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II polymorphisms. We have developed a reproducible heterotopic model of nonhuman primate facial CTA permissive of long-term rejection-free survival. The purpose of this chapter is to share our experience in the development and maturation of this model, from surgical technique and immunosuppressive strategies, to experimental results and future directions.

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Abbreviations

CTA:

composite tissue allotransplantation

EBV:

Epstein–Barr virus

GVHD:

graft versus host disease

IHC:

immunohistochemical staining

LCV:

lymphocryptovirus

MHC:

major histocompatibility complex

MLR:

mixed lymphocyte reaction

MMF:

mycophenolate mofetil

PTLD:

posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder

STR:

short-tandem repeat

VBM:

vascularized bone marrow

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge Arthur Nam, Aruna Panda, Debra Kukuruga, Cinthia Drachenberg, Amir H. Dorafshar, and Theresa Alexander for their dedicated work on this project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Johns Hopkins Hospital/University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Eduardo D. Rodriguez

Authors
  1. Eduardo D. Rodriguez
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  2. Gerhard S. Mundinger
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  3. Rolf N. Barth
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  4. Helen G. Hui-Chou
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  5. Steven T. Shipley
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  6. Luke S. Jones
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  7. Stephen T. Bartlett
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Eduardo D. Rodriguez .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. Plastic Surgery A/60, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Euclid Avenue 9500, Cleveland, 44195, Ohio, USA

    Maria Z. Siemionow

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Rodriguez, E.D. et al. (2011). Experimental Studies in Face Transplantation: Primate Model. In: Siemionow, M. (eds) The Know-How of Face Transplantation. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-253-7_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-253-7_6

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-85729-252-0

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