Abstract
The definition of a linear transformation on \({\mathbb{R}}^{n}\), and its natural extension to an outermorphism on all of the geometric algebra \({\mathbb{G}}_{n}\), is given. The tools of geometric algebra, such as the a-derivative and the simplicial k-derivative, are used to study its basic properties. We introduce the adjoint linear transformation and use it to derive the inverse of a nonsingular transformation.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ablamowicz, R., Sobczyk, G.: Lectures on Clifford (Geometric) Algebras and Applications. Birkhäuser, Boston (2004)
Ahlfors, L.V.: Complex Analysis, 3rd edn. McGraw-Hill, New York (1979)
Baylis, W.E., Huschilt, J., Jiansu, W.: Why i? Am. J. Phys. 60(9), 788 (1992)
Baylis, W.E.: Electrodynamics: A Modern Geometric Approach (Progress in Mathematical Physics). Birkhäuser, Boston (1998)
Baylis, W.E., Sobczyk, G.: Relativity in clifford’s geometric algebras of space and spacetime. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 43(10), 1386–1399 (2004)
Bayro Corrochano, E., Sobczyk, G. (eds.): Geometric Algebra with Applications in Science and Engineering. Birkhäuser, Boston (2001)
Belinfante, J.G.F., Kolman, B.: A Survey of Lie Groups and Lie Algebras with Applications and Computational Methods. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Pennsylvania (1972)
Birkhoff, G.: Lie groups isomorphic with no linear group. Bull. Am. Math. Soc., 42, 882–888 (1936)
Born, M.: Einstein’s Theory of Relativity, rev. edn. Dover, New York (1962)
Brackx, F., Delanghe R., Sommen, F.: Clifford Analysis. Research Notes in Mathematics, vol. 76. Pitman Advanced Publishing Program, Boston (1982)
Brackx, F., De Schepper, H., Sommen, F.: The hermitian clifford analysis toolbox. Adv. Appl. Clifford Algebras 18, 451–487 (2008)
Clifford, W.K.: Applications of grassmann’s extensive algebra. Am. J. Math. 1, 350–358 (1878)
Clifford, W.K.: On the classification of geometric algebras, In: R. Tucker (ed.) Mathematical Papers by William Kingdon Clifford, pp. 397–401. Macmillan, London (1882) (Reprinted by Chelsea, New York, 1968)
Crowe, M.J.: A History of Vector Analysis. Chapter 6. Dover, New York (1985)
Cullen, C.G.: Matrices and Linear Transformations, 2nd edn. Dover, New York (1972)
Curtis, C.W.: Pioneers of Representation Theory: Frobenius, Burnside, Schur, and Brauer, AMS and the London Mathematical Society (1999). http://www.ams.org/bookstore-getitem/item=HMATH-15-S
Dantzig, T.: NUMBER: The Language of Science, 4th edn. Free Press, New York (1967)
Davis, P.J.: Interpolation and Approximation. Dover, New York (1975)
Doran, C., Hestenes, D., Sommen, F., Van Acker, N.: Lie groups as spin groups. J. Math. Phys., 34(8), 3642–3669 (1993)
Dorst, L., Doran, C., Lasenby, J. (eds.): Applications of Geometric Algebra in Computer Science and Engineering. Birkhäuser, Boston (2002)
Einstein, A., Lorentz, H.A., Minkowski, H., Weyl, H.: On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies. In: The Principle of Relativity, pp. 37–65. Dover, New York (1923). Translated from “Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper”, Annalen der Physik, 17 (1905)
Fishback, W.T.: Projective & Euclidean Geometry, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York (1969)
Fjelstad, P.: Extending relativity via the perplex numbers. Am. J. Phys. 54(5), 416 (1986)
Flanders, H.: Differential Forms with Applications to the Physical Sciences. Dover, New York (1989)
French, A.P.: Special Relativity. Norton, New York (1968)
Fulton, W., Harris, J.: Representation Theory: A First Course. Springer, New York (1991)
Friedberg, S.H., Insel, A.J., Spence, L.E.: Linear Algebra. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1979)
Gallian, J.A.: Contemporary Abstract Algebra, 6th edn. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston (2006)
Gantmacher, F.R.: Theory of Matrices, translated by Hirsch, K.A. Chelsea Publishing, New York (1959)
Gel’fand, I.M., Shilov, G.E.: Generalized Functions. Properties and Operations, vol. 1. Academic, New York (1964)
Havel, T.F.: Geometric Algebra: Parallel Processing for the Mind (Nuclear Engineering) (2002). http://www.garretstar.com/secciones/clases/MT318/lect1.pdf, http://web.mit.edu/tfhavel/www/
Heath, T.L: Euclid’s Elements, vol. 2, p. 298, 2nd edn. Dover, New York (1956)
Hestenes, D.: Space Time Algebra. Gordon and Breach, New York (1966)
Hestenes, D.: Proper particle mechanics. J. Math. Phys. 15, 1768–1777 (1974)
Hestenes, D.: The design of linear algebra and geometry. Acta Appl. Math. vol. 23, pp. 65–93. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht (1991)
Hestenes, D.: New Foundations for Classical Mechanics, 2nd edn. Kluwer, Dordrecht (1999)
Hestenes, D.: Point groups and space groups in geometric algebra, In: Doerst, L., Doran, C., Lasen, J. (eds.) Applications of Geometric Algebra with Applications in Computer Science and Engineering, pp. 3–34. Birkhauser, Boston (2002)
Hestenes, D.: Spacetime physics with geometric algebra. Am. J. Phys. 71(6), pp. 691–714 (2003)
Hestenes, D.: Gauge Theory Gravity with Geometric Calculus, Foundations of Physics, 35(6):903–970 (2005)
Hestenes, D., Holt, J.: The crystallographic space groups in geometric algebra. J. Math. Phys. 48, 023514 (2007)
Hestenes, D.: Grassmann’s Legacy. In: Grassmann Bicentennial Conference (1809-1877) September 16–19, (2009) Potsdam Szczecin (DE PL). http://geocalc.clas.asu.edu/pdf/GrassmannLegacy2.pdf
Hestenes, D., Reany, P., Sobczyk, G.: Unipodal algebra and roots of polynomials. Adv. Appl. Clifford Algebras 1(1), 31–51 (1991)
Hestenes D., Sobczyk. G.: Clifford Algebra to Geometric Calculus: A Unified Language for Mathematics and Physics, 2nd edn. Kluwer, Dordrecht (1992)
Hestenes, D., Ziegler, R.: Projective geometry with Clifford algebra, Acta Applicandae Mathematicae, vol. 23, p. 25–63, Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht (1991)
Hicks, N.J.: Notes on Differential Geometry. Van Nostrand Company, Princeton (1965)
Horn, R., Johnson, C.R.: Matrix Analysis. Cambridge University Press, New York (1990)
Jackson, J.D.: Classical Electrodynamics. Wiley, New York (1962)
James, G., Liebeck, M.: Representations and Characters of Groups, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2001)
Klein, F.: Elementary Mathematics From an Advanced Standpoint, vol. 1, 3rd edn. Dover, New York (1924)
Lam, T.Y.: Representations of finite groups: a hundred years. Part I Notices of the AMS 45(3), 361–372 (1998)
Lasenby, A., Doran, C., & Gull, S.: Gravity, gauge theories and geometric algebra, Phil. Trans. R. Lond. A 356: 487–582 (1998)
Lee, J.M.: Manifolds and Differential Geometry, Graduate Studies in Mathematics, vol. 107. American Mathematical Society, Providence, Rhode Island (2009)
Linz, P.: Theoretical Numerical Analysis. Wiley, New York (1979)
Lounesto, P.: Clical Algebra Calculator and user manual, Helsinki University of Technology of Mathematics, Research Report 248, (1994) http://users.tkk.fi/ppuska/mirror/Lounesto/CLICAL.htm
Lounesto, P.: Clifford Algebras and Spinors, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2001)
Millman, R.S., Parker, G.D.: Elements of Differential Geometry. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1977)
Nash, J.: C1 isometric imbeddings. Ann. Math. 60(3), 383–396 (1954)
Nash, J.: The imbedding problem for riemannian manifolds. Ann. Math. 63(1), 20–63 (1956)
Nahin, P.: An Imaginary Tale: The story of the Square Root of Minus One. Princeton University Press, Princeton (1998)
Nering, E.: Linear Algebra and Matrix Theory (Paperback). Wiley, New York (1976)
Niven, I.N., Zuckerman, H.S., Montgomery, H.L.: An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers, 5th edn. Wiley, New York (1991)
Oziewicz, Z.: How do you add relative velocities? In: Pogosyan, G.S., Vicent, L.E., Wolf, K.B. (eds.) Group Theoretical Methods in Physics. Institute of Physics, Bristol (2005)
Pontryagin, L.S.: Hermitian operators in a space with indefinite metric. Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Ser. Mat. 8, 243–280 (1944)
Porteous, I.R.: Clifford Algebras and the Classical Groups. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1995)
Pozo, J., Sobczyk, G.: Geometric algebra in linear algebra and geometry. Acta Appl. Math. 71, 207–244 (2002)
Shilov, G.E.: Linear Algebra. Dover, New York (1977)
Sobczyk, G.: Mappings of Surfaces in Euclidean Space using Geomtric Algebra. Ph.D dissertation, Arizona State University (1971). http://www.garretstar.com/secciones/publications/publications.html
Sobczyk, G.: Spacetime vector analysis. Phys. Lett. 84A, 45–49 (1981)
Sobczyk, G.: Conjugations and hermitian operators in spacetime. Acta Phys. Pol. B12(6), 509–521 (1981)
Sobczyk, G.: A complex gibbs-heaviside vector algebra for space-time. Acta Phys. Pol. B12(5), 407–418 (1981)
Sobczyk, G.: Unipotents, idempotents, and a spinor basis for matrices. Adv. Appl. Clifford Algebras 2(1), 51–64 (1992)
Sobczyk, G.: Noncommutative extensions of number: an introduction to clifford’s geometric algebra. Aportaciones Mat. Comun. 11, 207–218 (1992)
Sobczyk, G.: Simplicial calculus with geometric algebra. In: Micali, A., et al. (eds.) Clifford Algebras and their Applications in Mathematical Physics, p. 279–292. Kluwer, the Netherlands (1992)
Sobczyk, G.: Linear transformations in unitary geometric algebra. Found. Phys. 23(10), 1375–1385 (1993)
Sobczyk, G.: Jordan form in associative algebras. In: Oziewicz, Z., et al. (eds.) Clifford Algebras and Quantum Deformations, pp. 357–364. Kluwer, the Nethelands (2003)
Sobczyk, G.: Jordan form in clifford algebra. In: Bracks, F., et al. (eds.) Clifford Algebras and their Applications in Mathematical Physics, pp. 33–41. Kluwer, the Netherlands (2003)
Sobczyk, G.: Hyperbolic number plane. College Math. J. 26(4), 268–280 (1995)
Sobczyk, G.: The generalized spectral decomposition of a linear operator. College Math. J. 28(1), 27–38 (1997)
Sobczyk, G.: Spectral Integral Domains in the Classroom. Aportaciones Matematicas. Serie Comunicaciones, vol. 20, pp. 169–188. Sociedad Matemática Mexicana, Mexico (1997)
Sobczyk, G.: The missing spectral basis in algebra and number theory. The American Mathematical Monthly, vol. 108, pp. 336–346 (2001)
Sobczyk, G.: Generalized Vandermonde determinants and applications. Aportaciones Matematicas, Serie Comunicaciones, vol. 30, pp. 203–213. Sociedad Matemática Mexicana, Mexico (2002)
Sobczyk, G.: Clifford geometric algebras in multilinear algebra and non-euclidean geometries. Byrnes, J., (ed.) Computational Noncommutative Algebra and Applications: NATO Science Series, pp. 1–28. Kluwer, Dordrecht (2004)
Sobczyk, G.: Quantum Hermite Interpolation Polynomials. Aportaciones Matematicas, Parametric Optimization and Related Topics VII 18, Sociedad Matemática Mexicana, Mexico, pp. 105-112 (2004)
Sobczyk, G.: Structure of Factor Algebras and Clifford Algebra. Linear Algebra and Its Applications, vol. 241–243, pp. 803–810, Elsevier Science, New York (1996)
Sobczyk, G.: The spectral basis and rational interpolation. Proceedings of “Curves and Surfaces.” Avignon, France, arXiv:math/0602405v1 (2006)
Sobczyk, G.: Geometric matrix algebra. Lin. Algebra Appl. 429, 1163–1173 (2008)
Sobczyk, G., Yarman, T.: Unification of Space-Time-Matter-Energy, Appl. Comput. Math. 7, No. 2, pp.255–268 (2008)
Sobczyk, G., León Sanchez, O.: The fundamental theorem of calculus. Adv. Appl. Clifford Algebras 21, 221–231 (2011)
Sobczyk, G.: Conformal mappings in geometric algebra. Not. AMS. 59(2), 264–273 (2012)
Sobczyk, G.: Unitary geometric algebra. In: Ablamowicz, R., Vaz, J. (eds.) Special Volume of Advances in Applied Clifford Algebras in Memory of Prof. Jaime Keller, pp. 283–292. Springer Basel AG (2012). http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00006-011-0277-5
Spiegel, M.R.: Vector Analysis and an introduction to Tensor Analysis. Schaum’s Outline Series. Schaum Publishing, New York (1959)
Spivak, M.S.: Calculus on Manifolds. W.A. Benjamin, New York (1965)
Stoer, J., Bulirsch, R.: Introduction to Numerical Analysis, 2nd edn. Translated by Bartels, R., Gautschi, W., Witzgall, C. Springer, New York (1993)
Struik. D.J.: A Concise History of Mathematics. Dover, New York (1967)
Thomas, G.B., Finney, R.L.: Calculus and Analytic Geometry, 8th edn. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA (1996)
Verma, N.: Towards an Algorithmic Realization of Nash’s Embedding Theorem. CSE, UC San Diego. http://cseweb.ucsd.edu/~naverma/manifold/nash.pdf
Whitney, H.: Differentiable manifolds. Ann. Math. 37, 645–680 (1936)
Yarman, T.: The End Results of General Relativity Theory via just Energy Conservation and Quantum Mechanics, Foundations of Physics Letters, 19(7), pp. 675–694 (2006)
Young, J.W.: Projective Geometry. The Open Court Publishing Company, Chicago (1930)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sobczyk, G. (2013). Linear Transformations on \({\mathbb{R}}^{n}\) . In: New Foundations in Mathematics. Birkhäuser, Boston. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-8176-8385-6_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-8176-8385-6_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Birkhäuser, Boston
Print ISBN: 978-0-8176-8384-9
Online ISBN: 978-0-8176-8385-6
eBook Packages: Mathematics and StatisticsMathematics and Statistics (R0)