Abstract
Despite advances in perioperative management, right-sided circulatory failure (RSCF) remains a significant source of morbidity and mortality early after cardiac transplantation. Perioperative RSCF, while clearly multifactorial in nature, has traditionally been associated with pretransplant pulmonary hypertension, as suggested by elevated pulmonary hemodynamic indices revealed on pretransplant cardiac catheterization. While severely elevated values of such indices represent a contraindication to cardiac transplantation at many centers worldwide, there currently exist no standard guidelines regarding the validity and importance of these preoperative abnormalities for postoperative outcome. The purpose of this chapter is to review the problem of pulmonary hypertension and the potential cardiac transplant recipient - its diagnosis, management and manipulation, and long-term clinical significance.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Griepp RB, Stinson EB, Dong E Jr. Clark DA. Shumway NE. Determinants of operative risk in human heart transplantation. Am J Surg. 1971;122:192–7.
Bourge RC, Naftel DC, Costanzo-Nordin MR et al. and the Transplant Cardiologists Research Database Group. Pretransplantation risk factors for death after heart transplantation: a multiinstitutional study. J Heart Lung Transplant. 1993;12:549–62.
Erickson KW, Costanzo-Nordin MR, O’Sullivan EJ. Influence of preoperative transpulmonary gradient on late mortality after orthotopic heart transplantation. J Heart Transplant. 1990;9:526–37.
Bourge RC, Kirklin JK, Naftel DC, White C, Mason DA, Epstein AE. Analysis and predictors of pulmonary vascular resistance after cardiac transplantation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1991;l0l:432–45.
Kirklin JK, Naftel DC, Kirklin JW, Blackstone EH, White-Williams C, Bourge RC. Pulmonary vascular resistance and the risk of heart transplantation. J Heart Transplant 1988;7:331–336.
Murali S, Kormos RL, Uretsky BF et al. Preoperative pulmonary hemodynamics and early mortality after orthotopic cardiac transplantation: the Pittsburgh experience. Am Heart J. 1993;126:896–904.
Addonizio LH. Gersony WM, Robbins RC et al. Evelated pulmonary vascular resistance and cardiac transplantation. Circulation. 1987;76(Suppl. V):V52–5.
Kirklin JK, Naftel DC, McGriffin DC, McVay RF, Blackstone EH, Karp RB. Analysis of morbid events and risk factors for death after cardiac transplantation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1988;11:917–24.
Anguita M, Arizon JM, Valles F et al. Influence of survival after heart transplantation of contraindications seen in transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant. 1992;11:708–15.
Bando K, Konishi H, Komatsu K et al. Improved survival following pediatric cardiac transplantation in high-risk patients. Circulation. 1993;88:218–23.
Sciolaro C, Cork R, Barkenbush M. Icenogle T, Copeland J. Preoperative hemodynamic data as risk factors for pulmonary infections in cardiac transplantation. J. Heart Transplant. 1988;7:62.
Gajarski RJ, Towbin JA, Bricker T et al. Intermediate follow-up of pediatric heart transplant recipients with elevated pulmonary vascular resistance index. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994;23:1682–7.
Chen JM, Levin HR, Michler RE, Prusmack CM, Rose EA, Aaronson KD Reevaluating The Significance of Pulmonary Hypertenstion Prior to Cardiac Transplantation: Determination of Optimal Thresholds and Quantification of the Effect of Reversibility on Perioperative Mortality. (Submitted for Publication).
Pierce JC, Cornell RG. Integrating stratum-specific likelihood ratios with the analysis of ROC curves. Med Decis Making. 1993;13:141–51.
Hanley JA, McNeil BJ. The meaning and use of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Radiology. 1982;143:29–36.
Hanley JA, McNeil BJ. A method of comparing the areas under receiver operating characteristic curves derived from the same cases. Radiology. 1983;148:839–43.
Costard-Jackle A, Fowler MB. Influence of preoperative pulmonary artery pressure on mortality after heart transplantation: testing of potential reversibility of pulmonary hypertension with nitroprusside is useful in defining a high-risk group. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992;19:48–54.
Knapp E, Gmeiner R. Reduction of pulmonary hypertension by nitroprusside. Int J Clin Pharmacol. 1977;15:75–80.
Kieler-Jensen N. Milocco I, Ricksten S. Pulmonary vasodilation after heart transplantation. A comparison among prostacyclin, sodium nitroprusside, and nitroglycerin on right ventricular function and pulmonary selectivity. J Heart Lung Transplant. 1993;12:179–84.
Haywood GA, Sneddon JF, Bashir Y, Jennison SH, Gray HH, McKenna WJ. Adenosine infusion for the reversal of pulmonary vasoconstriction in biventricular failure. A good test but a poor therapy. Circulation. 1992;86:896–902.
Boiling SF, Deeb GM, Crowley DC, Badelino MM, Bove EL. Prolonged amrinone therapy prior to orthotopic cardiac transplantation in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Transplant Proc. 1988;20(Suppl. 1):753–6.
Deeb GM. Bolling SF, Guynn TP, Nicklas JM. Amrinone versus conventional therapy in pulmonary hypertensive patients awaiting cardiac transplantation. Ann Thorac Surg. 1989;48:665–9.
Murali S. Uretsky BF, Reddy PS, Tokarczyk TR, Betschart AR. Reversibility of pulmonary hypertension in congestive heart failure patients evaluated for cardiac transplantation: comparative effects of various pharmacologic agents. Am Heart J. 1991;122:1375–81.
Murali S, Uretsky BF, Armitage JM et al. Utility of prostaglandin El in the pretransplantation evaluation of heart failure patients with significant pulmonary hypertension. J Heart Lung Transplant. 1992;11:716–23.
Iberer F, Wasler A, Tscheliessnigg K, et al. Prostaglandin El-induced moderation of elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. Survival on waiting list and results of orthotopic heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant. 1993;12:173–8.
Weiss CI, Park JV, Bolman RM. Prostaglandin El for treatment of elevated pulmonary vascular resistance in patients undergoing cardiac transplantation. Transplant Proc. 1989;21:2555–6.
Semigran MJ, Cockrill BA, Kacmarek R et al, Hemodynamic effects of inhaled nitric oxide in heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994;24:982–8.
Adatia I, Perry S. Landzberg M et al. Inhaled nitric oxide and hemodynamic evaluation of patients with pulmonary hypertension before transplantation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;25:1656–64.
Zales VR, Pahl E, Backer CL et al. Pharmacologic reduction of pretransplantation pulmonary vascular resistance predicts outcome after pediatric heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant. 1993;12:965–73.
Kawaguchi A, Gandjbakhch I, Pavie A et al. Cardiac transplant recipients with preoperative pulmonary hypertension: evolution of pulmonary hemodynamics and surgical options. Circulation. 1989;80(Suppl. III):III–90–6.
Grant SCD, Levy RD, Brooks NH. Fall in pulmonary vascular resistance in patients awaiting heart transplantation. Br Heart J. 1992;68:365–8.
Boffa GM, Rezzonini R, Grassi G et al. Pulmonary vascular resistance variation over time in candidates for heart transplantation. Am J Cardiol. 1994;73:414–15.
Bhatia SJ, Kirshenbaum JM, Shemin RJ et al. Time course of resolution of pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular remodeling after orthotopic cardiac transplantation. Circulation. 1987;76:819–26.
Corcos T, Tamburino C, Leger P et al. Early and late hemodynamic evaluation after cardiac transplantation: a study of 28 cases. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1988;11:264–9.
von Scheidt W, Ziegler U. Kemkes BM, Erdman E. Heart transplantation; hemodynamics over a five-year period. J Heart Lung Transplant. 1991;10:342–50.
Costanzo-Nordin M, Liao Y, Grusk BB et al. Oversizing of donor hearts: beneficial or detrimental? J Heart Lung Transplant. 1991;10:717–30.
Yeoh T, Frist WH, Lagerstrom C et al. Relationship of cardiac allograft size and pulmonary vascular resistance to long-term cardiopulmonary function. J Heart Lung Transplant. 1992;11:1168–76.
Villanueva FS, Murali S, Uretsky BF et al. Resolution of severe pulmonary hypertension after heterotopic heart transplantation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1989; 14:1239–43
Naeije R, Lipski A, Abramowicz M et al. Nature of pulmonary hypertension in congestive heart failure. Am J Rcspir Crit Care Med. 1994;149:881–7.
Marti V, Ballester M, Auge JM et al. Donor and recipient determinants of fatal and nonfatal cardiac dysfunction during the first week after orthotopic heart transplantation. Transplant Proc. 1992;24:16–19.
Morley D, Brozena SC, Assessing risk by hemodynamic profile in patients awaiting cardiac transplantation. Am J Cardiol. 1994;73:379–83.
Simonsen S. Molstad P, Geiran O, Froysaker T. Heart transplantation in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension and increased pulmonary vascular resistance. Scand J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1990;24(3): 161–4.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1996 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Chen, J.M., Michler, R.E. (1996). The Problem of Pulmonary Hypertension in the Potential Cardiac Transplant Recipient. In: Cooper, D.K.C., Miller, L.W., Patterson, G.A. (eds) The Transplantation and Replacement of Thoracic Organs. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-585-34287-0_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-585-34287-0_20
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-0-7923-8898-2
Online ISBN: 978-0-585-34287-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive