Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Retinal Degenerative Diseases and Experimental Therapy pp 337–350Cite as

A Comparison of Light-Induced Rod Degeneration in Two Teleost Models

  • Chapter

Abstract

Albino rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, are resistant to light damage, losing only their rod outer segments (ROS) in full daylight (10,000 to 100,000 lux) at 11°C. 1 To compare light damage in albino trout with light damage in albino rodents, we analyzed central retinal structure in albino trout exposed to full daylight, indoor dim day-light (30 lux-30 days or longer) and strong constant light (3000 lux). In albinos remaining outdoors or placed in constant light, ROS volume was reduced but the number of photoreceptor nuclei did not decline. Albinos placed in dim daylight re-grew ROS to 60% or more of normal volume but when returned to outdoor raceways lost most of their ROS volume within 5 days. Outdoor albinos placed in dim daylight replaced ROS much more slowly. In neither case was there a change in number of photoreceptor nuclei. In affected albinos there is apparently little rod cell death during the initial phases of light insult to ROS or thereafter. This confirms that most rod cells with ROS damage survive and retain capacity to re-grow ROS, and any which undergo apoptosis are replaced by cells derived from rod progenitors.

To ascertain whether the 11°C temperatures at which trout were held was protective, we exposed albino and normal oscars, Astronotus oscellatus, to 3000 lux constant light at 28°C. Albinos lost -50% of their rod nuclei over 14 days and normals appeared unaffected. Thus, retinal photo-degeneration in 3000lux constant light in albino trout at 11°C was limited to ROS loss, whereas ROS destruction lead to loss of rod cell bodies in albino oscars at 28°C. The ability to use ambient temperature to preclude or permit light damage to proceed to cell death in a cone rich, diurnal retina could be exploited to study mechanisms for susceptibility to and resistance to photo-degeneration.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Allen, D.M. and Hallows, T.E., 1997, Solar pruning of retinal rods in albino rainbow trout, Visual Neurosci. 14:589–600.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Noell, W.K., Walker, VS., Kang, B.S., and S. Berman, 1966, Retinal damage by light in rats, Invest. Ophthalmol, Vis. Sci. 5:450–473.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Semple-Rowland, S.L., and W.W. Dawson, 1987, Retinal cyclic light damage threshold for albino rats, Lab. Animal Sci. 37:289–298.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Williams, R.A., Howard, A.G., and T.P. Williams, 1985, Retinal damage in pigmented and albino rats exposed to low levels of cyclic light following a single mydriatic treatment, Current Eye Res. 4:97–102.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Organisciak, D.T. and B.S. Winkler, 1994, Retinal light damage: practical and theoretical considerations, Prog. in Retinal and Eye Res. 13:1–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Hafezi, F., Marti, A., Munz, K., and C. Reme, 1997, Light-induced apoptosis: differential timing in the retina and pigment epithelium, Exp. Eye Res. 64:963–970.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Penn, J.S. and R.E. Anderson, 1991, Effects of light history on the rat retina, Prog. in Retinal Res. 11:75–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Anderson, D.H., Fisher, S.K., and R. Steinberg, 1978, Mammalian cones: disc shedding, phagocytosis and renewal, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 17:117–133.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Dureau, P., Jeanny, J., Clerc, B., Dufier, J., andY. Courtois, 1996, Long term light-induced degeneration in the miniature pig, Molecular Vision 2:1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Guillory, R.W., 1971, An abonormal retinogeniculate projection in the albino ferret (Mustela furo). Brain Res. 14:482–485.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Zhang, H.Y. and K.-P. Hoffman, 1993, Retinal projections to the pretectum, accessory optic system and superior colliculus in pigmented and albino ferrets, Eur. J. Neurosci. 5:486–500.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Douglas, R.H., 1982, The function of photomechanical movements in the retina of the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Rev. Can. Biol. Exptl. 42:117–122.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Burnside, B. and B. Nagle, 1983, Retinomotor movements of photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium: mechanisms and regulation, Prog. in Retinal. Res. 2:67–108.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Penn, J.S., 1985, Effects of continuous light on the retina of a fish, Notemigonas crysoleucas, J. Comp. Neurol. 238:2121–2127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Osteen, W.K. and K.V. Anderson, 1972, Photoreceptor degeneration after exposure of rats to incandescent illumination, Z. Zellforsch. 127:306–313.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Organisciak, D.T., Darrow, R.M., Noell, W.K., and J.C. Blanks, 1995, Hyperthermia accelerates retinal light damage in rats, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 36:997–1008.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. de Lint, P.J., van Norren, D., and A.M.W. Toebosch, 1992, Effect of body temperature on threshold for retinal light damage, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 33:2382–2387.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Gorgels, T., van Beek, L., and D. van Norren, 1997, Effect of body temperature on retinal damage by 488 nm light in rat, Microscopy Res. and Tech. 36:89–95.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Bush, R.A., Reme, C., and A. Malnoe, 1991, Light damage in the rat retina: the effect of dietary deprivation of n-3 fatty acids on acute structural alterations, Exp. Eye Res. 53:741–752.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Allen, D.M. and Hallows, T.E., 1995, Reversible visual deficits in albino rainbow trout, abstract: published in the Proceedings of the Western Section of the American Fisheries Society, Park City UT, July 19, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Rapp, L.M., Fisher, P., and H. Dhindsa, 1994, Reduced rate of rod outer segment disk synthesis in photoreceptor cells recovering from UVA light damage. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 35:3540–3548.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Tiku, P.E., Gracey, A.Y., MacCartney, A.I., Beynon, R.J., and A. R. Cossins, 1996, Cold-induced expression of Δ9-desaturase in carp by transcriptional and posttranslational mechanisms, Science 271:815–818.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Wallaert, C. and P.J. Babin, 1993, Circannual variation in the fatty acid composition of high-density lipoprotein phospholipids during acclimitization in trout, Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 1210:23–26.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Wallaert, C. and P.J. Babin, 1994, Thermal adaptation affects the fatty acid composition of plasma phospholipids in trout, Lipids 29:373–376.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Kashiwagi, T. Meyer-Rochow, Nishimura, K., and E. Eguchi, 1997, Fatty acid composition and ultrastructure of photoreceptive membranes in the crayfish Procambarus clarkii under conditions of thermal and photic stress, J. Comp. Physiol. B 167:1–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Reinboth, J, Clausen, M., and C.E. Reme, 1996, Light elicits the release of docosahexaenoic acid from membrane phospholipids in the rat retina in vitro, Exp. Eye Res. 63:277–284.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Rotstein, N.P.,Aveldano,M., Barrantes, F.J., Roccamo, A.M., and L.E. Politi, 1997, Apoptosis of retinal photoreceptors during development in vitro: protective effect of docosahexaenoic acid, J. Neurochem. 69:504–513.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Fite, K.V., Bengston, L., and B. Donaghey, 1993, Experimental light damage increases lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium of Japanese quail, (Coturnix coturnix japonica), Exp. Eye Res. 57:449–460.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Wihlmark, U., Wrigstad, A., Roberg, K., Brunk, U.F., and S.E.G. Nilsson, 1996, Formation of lipofuscin in cultured retinal pigment epithelial cells exposed to pre-oxidized photorecetpor outer segments, APMIS 104:272–279.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Wihlmark, U., Wrigstad, A., Roberg, K., Nilsson, S.E.V. and U.F. Brunk, 1997, Lipofuscin accumulation in cultured retinal pigment epithelial cells causes enhanced sensitivity to blue light irradiation, Free Radical Biol. & Medicine 22:1229–1234.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Sanyal, S. De Ruiter, A., and Ch. Dees, 1984, Light dependent accumulation of macrophages at the photoreceptor-pigment epithelial interface in the retina of albino mice, Experientia 40:851–854.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Braekevelt, C.R., 1980, Wandering phagocytes at the retinal epithelium-photoreceptor interface in the teleost retina, Vision Res. 20:495–499.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Raymond, P.A., Bassi, C.J., and M.K. Powers, 1988, Lighting conditions and retinal development in goldfish: photoreceptor number and structure, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 29:27–36.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Allen, D.M., Loew, E.R., and W.N. McFarland, 1982, Seasonal change in the amount of visual pigment in the retinae of fish, Can. J. Zool. 60:281–287.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Sanyal, S., and G.H. Zeilmaker, 1988, Retinal damage by constant light in chimaeric mice: implications for the protective role of melanin, Exp. Eye Res. 46:731–743.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Corsaro, C., Scalia, M., Blanco A., Aiello, I., and G. Sichel, 1995, Melanins in physiological conditions protect against lipoperoxidation. A study on albino and pigmented Xenopus, Pigment Cell Res. 8:270–282.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Jeffery, G., Darling, K., and A. Whitmore, 1994, Melanin and the regulation of mammalian photoreceptor topography, Eur. J. Neurosci. 6:657–667.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Esteve, J. and G. Jeffery, 1998, Reduced retinal deficits in an albino mammal with a cone rich retina: a study of the ganglion cell layer at the area centralis of pigmented and albino grey squirrels, Vision Res. 38:937–940.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Jeffery, G. and A. Williams, 1994, Is abnormal retinal development in albinism only a mammalian problem? Normality of a hypopigmented avian retina, Exp. Brain Res. 100:47–57.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Guerin, C.J., Lewis, G.P., Fisher, S.K., and D.H. Anderson, 1993, Recovery of photoreceptor outer segment length and analysis of membrane assembly rates in regenerating primate photoreceptor outer segments, Invest. Ophthalmol Vis. Sci. 34:175–183.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Van Roessel, P., Palacios, A.G., and T.H. Goldsmith, 1997, Activity of long wavelength cones under scoptopic conditions in the cyprinid fish, Danio aequipinnatus, J. Comp. Physiol. A 181:493–500.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Hoke, K.L. and R.D. Fernald, 1996, Rod photoreceptor neurogenesis, Prog. in Retinal and Eye Res. 16:31–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Johns, PR. 1977, Growth of the aldult goldfish eye. III. Source of the new retinal cells, J. Comp. Neurol. 176:343–358.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Johns, P.R., and R.D. Fernald, 1981, Genesis of rods in the retina of teleost fish, Nature 293:141–142.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Julian, D., Ennis, K., and J. I. Korenbrot, 1998, Birth and fate of proliferative cells in the inner nuclear layer of the mature fish retina, J. Comp. Neurol. 394:271–282.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Raymond, P.A. and P.F. Hitchcock, 1997, Retinal regeneration: common principles but a diversityof mechanisms, Adv. Neurol 72:171–184.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Boucher, S-M. and P.F. Hitchcock, 1998, Insulin-related growth factors stimulate proliferation of retinal progenitors in the goldfish, J. Comp. Neurol. 394:386–394.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Mack, A.F., Balt, S.L., and R.D. Fernald, 1995, Localization and expression of insulin-like growth factor in the telost retina, Visual Neurosci. 12:457–461.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Boucher, S-M. and P.F. Hitchcock, 1998, Insulin-like growth factor-I binds in the inner plexiform layer and circumferential zone in the retina of the goldfish, J. Comp. Neurol. 394:395–401.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Allen, D.M., 1997, Peripheral rods evade light damage in albino trout, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 38:Part II abstract # 4787 in ARVO suppl. page S1027.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Fröhlich, E. and H-J. Wagner, 1996, Rod outer segment renewal in the retina of deep sea fish, Vision Res. 36:3183–3194.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Gao, H. and J.G. Hollyfield, 1996, Basic fibroblast growth factor: increased gene expression in inherited and light-induced photoreceptor degeneration, Exp. Eye Res. 62:181–189.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Cao, W., Wen, R, Feng, L, Lavail, M., and R. Steinberg, 1997, Mechanical injury increases bFGF and CNTF mRNA expression in the mouse retina, Exp. Eye Res. 65:241–248.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. La Vail, M.M., Yasumura, D., Matthes, M.T., Lau-Villacorta, C., Unoki, K., Sung, C-H., and R. Steinberg, 1997, Protection of mouse photoreceptors by survival factors in retinal degenerations, Invest. Ophthalmol Vis. Sci. 39:592–602.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Matsuda, K., Watanabe, I., Unoki, 0K., Ohba, N., and T. Muramatsu, 1995, Functional rescue of photoreceptors from the damaging effects of constant light by survival-promoting factors in the rat, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 36:2142–2146.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Li, Z-Y., Chang, J.H., and A.H. Milam, 1997, A gradient of basic fibroblast growth factor in rod photoreceptors in the normal human retina, Visual Neurosci. 14:671–679.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, University of Texas of the Permian Basin, Odessa, Texas, 79762

    Donald M. Allen & Chris Pipes

  2. Department of Biology, Odessa College, Odessa, Texas, 79764

    Kristi Deramus

  3. Kamas State Fish Hatchery, 2722 E. Mirror Lake Hwy, Kamas, Utah, 84036

    Ted E. Hallows

Authors
  1. Donald M. Allen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Chris Pipes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Kristi Deramus
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ted E. Hallows
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Cole Eye Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio

    Joe G. Hollyfield

  2. Dean A. McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

    Robert E. Anderson

  3. Beckman Vision Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California

    Matthew M. LaVail

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1999 Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Allen, D.M., Pipes, C., Deramus, K., Hallows, T.E. (1999). A Comparison of Light-Induced Rod Degeneration in Two Teleost Models. In: Hollyfield, J.G., Anderson, R.E., LaVail, M.M. (eds) Retinal Degenerative Diseases and Experimental Therapy. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-585-33172-0_32

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-585-33172-0_32

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-306-46193-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-585-33172-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation