Skip to main content

Barriers to Internationalization

  • Chapter
Book cover Perspectives on Strategic Change

Abstract

The argument of this chapter is that internationalization is a special case of the growth of the firm. Consequently, many of the concepts that have proved serviceable in analyzing the growth of the firm domestically can prove useful in the case of internationalization. However, there are extra dimensions to international expansion that need to be delineated.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Aharoni, Y., 1966, The Foreign Investment Decision Process, Boston, MA.: Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, E., Gatignan, H., 1986, “Modes of Foreign Entry: A Transaction Cost Analysis and Propositions,” Journal of International Business Studies, 17,3, pp. 1–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bartlett, C.A., 1981, “Multinational Structural Change: Evolution versus Reorganization,” in Otterbeck, L. (ed.), The Management of Headquarters — Subsidiary Relationships in Multinational Corporations, Aldershot: Gower.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brooke, M.Z., 1984, Centralization and Autonomy, Eastbourne: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckley, P.J., 1983, “New forms of International Industrial Cooperation: A Survey of the Literature,” Aussenwirtschaft, 38,2, pp. 195–222. [Reprinted in Buckley and Casson, 1985.]

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckley, P.J., et al., 1988, “Organizational Forms and Multinational Companies,” in Thompson, S., Wright, M. (eds.), Internal Organization, Efficiency and Profit, Oxford: Philip Allan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckley, P.J., 1989, “Foreign Direct Investment by Small and Medium Sized Enterprises: The Theoretical Background,” The Multinational Enterprise: Theory and Applications, London: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckley, P.J., Casson, M., 1976, The Future of the Multinational Enterprise, London: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckley, P.J., Casson, M., 1985, The Economic Theory of the Multinational Enterprise, London: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckley, P.J., Davies, H., 1981, “Foreign Licensing in Overseas Operations: Theory and Evidence from the UK,” in Hawkins, R.G., Prasad, A.J. (eds.), Technology Transfer and Economic Development, Greenwich, CT.: JAI Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckley, P.J., Dunning, J.H., 1976, “The Industrial Structure of US Investment in the UK,” Journal of International Business Studies, 1,2, pp. 5–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buckley, P.J., Newbould, G.D., Thurwell, J., 1988, Foreign Direct Investment by Smaller UK Firms, London: Macmillan. [Previously published in 1978 as Going International: The Experiences of Smaller Firms Overseas.]

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckley, P.J., Pass, C.L., Prescott, K., 1990, “Foreign Market Servicing by Multinationals: An Integrated Approach,” International Marketing Review, 7,4, pp. 25–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buckley, P.J., Prescott, K., 1989, “The Structure of British Industry’s Sales in Foreign Markets,” Managerial and Decision Economics, 10,3, pp. 189–208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Casson, M., and Associates, 1986, Multinationals and World Trade, London: George Allen & Unwin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caves, R.E., Porter, M.E., 1979, “From Entry Barriers to Mobility Barriers: Conjectural Variations and Contrived Deterrence to New Competition,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 9, pp. 241–261.

    Google Scholar 

  • Contractor, F., Lorange, P. (eds.), 1988, Cooperative Strategies in International Business, Lexington, MA.: Lexington Books, D.C. Health & Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunning, J.H., 1991, “The Eclectic Paradigm of International Production: A Personal Perspective,” in Pitelis, C.N., Sugden, R. (eds.), The Nature of the Transnational Firm, London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giddy, I.H., 1978, “The Demise of the Product Cycle Model in International Business Theory,” Columbia Journal of World Business, 13, pp. 90–97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hallen, L., Weidersheim-Paul, F., 1979, “Psychic Distance and Buyer-Seller Interaction,” Organization, Mar hand och Samhalle, 16,5, pp. 308–324.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamel, G., Doz, Y., Prahalad, C.K., 1989, “Collaborate with Your Competitors — and Win,” Harvard Business Review, January–February, pp. 113–139.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hedlund, G., Kverneland, A., 1983, “Are Establishments and Growth Strategies for Foreign Market Changing,” paper presented at the 9th European International Business Association Conference, Oslo, December 18–20, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hymer, S.H., 1976, The International Operations of National Firms: A Study of Direct Investment, Cambridge, MA.: MIT Press. [Previously unpublished doctoral dissertation, I960.]

    Google Scholar 

  • Johanson, J., Mattsson, L.G., 1988, “Internationalization in Industrial Systems — A Network Approach,” in Hodd, N. and Vahlne, J.E. (eds.), Strategies in Global Competition, London: Croom-Helm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johanson, J., Vahlne, J.E., 1977, “The Internationalization Process of the Firm — A Model of Knowledge Development and Increasing Foreign Market Commitments,” Journal of International Business Studies, 8,1, pp. 23–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johanson, J., Vahlne, J.E., 1990, “The Mechanism of Internationalization,” International Marketing Review, 7,4, pp. 11–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johanson, J., Wiedersheim-Paul, F., 1975, “The Internationalization of the Firm — Four Swedish Cases,” Journal of Management Studies, October, pp. 305–322.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kindleberger, C.P., 1969, American Business Abroad, New Haven, CT.: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luostarinen, R., 1979, The Internationalization of the Firm, Helsinki: Acta Academia Oeconomica Helsingiensis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Millington, A.I., Bayliss, B.T., 1990, “The Process of Internationalization: UK Companies in the EC,” Management International Review, 30,2, pp. 151–161.

    Google Scholar 

  • Penrose, E., 1959, The Theory of the Growth of the Firm, Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Porter, M.E., 1985, Competitive Advantage, New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Porter, M.E. (ed.), 1986, Competition in Global Industries, Boston, MA.: Harvard Business School Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richardson, G.B., 1972, “The Organization of Industry,” Economic Journal, 82, pp. 883–896.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turnbull, P., 1987, “A Challenge to the Stages Theory of the Internationalization Process,” in Rosson, P.J., Reid, S.D. (eds.), Managing Export Entry and Expansion, New York: Praeger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vernon, R., 1966, “International Investment and International Trade in the Product Cycle,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 80, pp. 190–207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vernon, R., 1974, “The Location of Economic Activity,” in Dunning J.H. (ed.), Economic Analysis and the Multinational Enterprise, London: George Allen & Unwin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vernon, R., 1979, “The Product Cycle Hypothesis in a New International Environment,” Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 41, pp. 255–267.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wells, L.T., 1983, Third World Multinationals: The Rise of Foreign Investment from Developing Countries, Cambridge, MA.: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, R.G., Poynter, T.A., 1984, “Strategies for Foreign Owned Subsidiaries in Canada,” Business Quarterly, 49,2, pp. 59–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Young, S., 1987, “Business Strategy and the Internationalization of Business, Recent Approaches,” Managerial and Decision Economics, 1, pp. 31–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Young, S., et al., 1989, International Market Entry and Development: Strategies and Management, Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf.

    Google Scholar 

References

  • Ansoff, I., 1984, Implanting Strategic Management, Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartlett, C.A., Ghoshal, S., 1987, “Managing across Borders: New Strategic Requirements,” Sloan Management Review, Summer, pp. 7–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Canziani, A., 1984, La strategia aziendale, Milano: Giuffre.

    Google Scholar 

  • Canziani, A., 1989, “The Integration of World Economies and the New Challenges for Multinational Companies,” Economia Aziendale, April, pp. 49–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Canziani, A., Masini, C., 1988, “L’economicită di imprese di settori oligopolistici,” in VV.AA., Saggi in onore di Luigi Guatri, Milano: Bocconi Comunicazione, Vol. I, pp. 253–266.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, I.M., 1985, The Spatial Organization of Multinational Corporations, London and Sidney: Croom Helm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doz, Y.L., Prahalad, C.K., 1987, “A Process Model of Strategic Redirection in Large Complex Firms: the Case of Multinational Corporations,” in Pettigrew, A. (ed.), The Management of Strategic Change, Oxford: Basil Blackwell, pp. 63–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghoshal, S., 1987, “Global Strategy: an Organizing Framework,” Strategic Management Journal, pp. 425–440.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, F.E.I., Linge, G.J.R., 1981, International Industrial Systems, Chichester: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mascarenhas, B., 1986, “International Strategies of Non-Dominant Firms,” Journal of International Business Studies, Spring, pp. 1–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Owen, R.F., 1984, “A Comparative Study of the Inter-Industry Determinants and Economic Performance of Foreign Direct Investments in France,” Recherches Economiques de Louvain, 3–4, pp. 221–262.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pettigrew, A.M., 1983, “Patterns of Managerial Response as Organizations Move from Rich to Poor Environments: A Response to Tim Briahouse,” Educational Management and Administration, 11, pp. 104–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Porter, M.E., 1986, “Changing Patterns of International Competition,” California Management Review, 2, Winter, pp. 9–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rugman, A.M., 1986, “New Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: An Assessment of Internationalization Theory,” Bulletin of Economic Research, 2, pp. 101–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rugman, A.M., 1986, “Multinational Enterprises and Strategies for International Competitiveness,” in VV.AA., Advances in Comparative Management, Tokio: JAI Press, pp. 47–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schoenenberger, E., 1985, “Foreign Manufacturing Investment in the U.S.: Competitive Strategies and International Location,” Economic Geography, July, pp. 241–259.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Luca Zan Stefano Zambon Andrew M. Pettigrew

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1993 Kluwer Academic Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Buckley, P.J. (1993). Barriers to Internationalization. In: Zan, L., Zambon, S., Pettigrew, A.M. (eds) Perspectives on Strategic Change. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-585-27290-0_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-585-27290-0_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-7923-9326-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-585-27290-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics