Abstract
Among risk factors for infectious diseases, social ones present a particular challenge due to the increasing importance of old and new infections on the one hand, and the complexity of social reality on the other. This is not a new phenomenon.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Acevedo-Garcia, D. (2000) Residential segregation and the epidemiology of infectious diseases . Soc. Sci. Med. 51, 1143–1161
Acevedo-Garcia, D. (2001) Zip code-level risk factors for tuberculosis: Neighborhood environment and residential segregation in New Jersey, 1985–1992. Am. J. Public Health 91, 734–741
Badura, B. (2006) Social capital, social inequality, and the healthy organization. In: Noack, H. and Kahr-Gottlieb, D. (eds.), Promoting the public’s health. The EUPHA 2005 conference book, Verlag für Gesundheitsförderung, Gamburg, 53–60
Bourdieu, P. (1979) La distinction. Editions de Minuit, Paris
Cassel, J.(1976) The contribution of the social environment to host resistance. Am. J. Epidemiol. 104, 107–123
Chandola, T. and Marmot, M. (2005) Social epidemiology. In: Ahrens, W. and Pigeot, I. (eds.), Handbook of Epidemiology. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, 893–916
Cox, D. and Wermuth, N. (1996) Multivariate Dependencies: Models, Analysis and Interpretation. Chapman & Hall, London
Dony, J.F., Ahmad, J. and Khen Tiong, Y. (2004) Epidemiology of tuberculosis and leprosy, Sabah, Malaysia. Tuberc. (Edinb.) 84 (1–2), 8–18
Ferreira Antunes, J.L. and Alves Waldman, E. (2001) The impact of AIDS, immigration and housing overcrowding on tuberculosis deaths in Sao Paulo, Brazil, 1994–1998. Soc. Sci. Med. 52, 1071–1080
Grassly, N.C., Fraser, F. and Garnett, G.P. (2005) Host immunity and synchronized epidemics of syphilis across the United States. Nature 433, 417–421
Green, E.C., Halperin, D.T., Nantulya V. and Hogle, J.A. (2006) Uganda’s HIV prevention success: The role of sexual behavior change and the national response. AIDS Behav. 10 (4), 335–346
Hobdell, M.H., Oliveira, E.R., Bautista, R., Myburgh, N.G., Lalloo, R., Narendran, S. and Johnson, N.W. (2003) Oral diseases and socio-economic status (SES). Br. Dent. J. 194 (2), 91–96
Justin, M. C., Wilson, M.L. and Allison, E.A. (2007) Analysis of social epidemiology research on infectious diseases: historical patterns and future opportunities. J. Epidemiol Community Health 61, 1021–1027
Kark, S.A. (1949) The social pathology of syphilis in Africans. S. Afr. Med. J. 23, 77–84
Kistemann, T.h., Munzinger, A. and Dangendorf, F. (2002) Spatial patterns of tuberculosis incidence in Cologne (Germany). Soc. Sci. Med. 55, 7–19
Krickeberg, K. (2007) Principles of health information systems in developing countries. Health Inf. Manag. J. 36 (3), 8–20
Krieger, N. (1994) Epidemiology and the web of causation: Has anyone seen the spider? Soc. Sci. Med. 39, 887–903
Krieger, N. (2001) Theories for social epidemiology in the 21st century: an ecosocial perspective. Internat. J. Epidemiol. 30, 668–677
Leibfried, S, and Tennstedt, F. (1980). Berufsverbote und Sozialpolitik 1933. Die Auswirkungen der nationalsozialistischen Machtergreifung auf die Krankenkassenverwaltung und die Kassenärzte. 2nd. Ed. Series: Arbeitspapiere des Forschungsschwerpunktes Reproduktionsrisiken, soziale Bewegungen und Sozialpolitik, University of Bremen, Bremen
Levy, A., Fraser, D., Vardi, H. and Dagan, R. (1998) Hospitalizations for infectious diseases in Jewish and Bedouin children in southern Israel. Eur J Epidemiol 14 (2), 179–186
Lurie, M., Williams, B.G., Zuma, K.D.K., Mkaya-Mwamburi, D. et al. (2003) Who infects whom? HIV-1 concordance and discordance among migrant and non-migrant couples in South Africa. AIDS 17 (15), 2245–2252
Marmot, M.G., Smith, G.D., Stansfeld, S., Patel, C., North, F., Head, J., et al. (1991) Health inequalities among British civil servants: the Whitehall II study. Lancet 337(8754), 1387–1393
Marmot, M.G. and Wilkinson, R.G. (1999) Social Determinants of Health. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Mosse, M. and Tugendreich, G. (eds.), (1913) Krankheit und soziale Lage (Disease and social condition). Lehmanns, München. Reprinted 1981 WiSo Med, Göttingen, 3rd Ed.
Murray, C.J.L., Lopez, A.D., and Mathers, C.D. (2004) The global epidemiology of infectious diseases. WHO global burden of disease and injury series 1, WHO, Geneva
Myer, L., Ehrlich, R.I. and Susser, E.S. (2004) Social epidemiology in South Africa. Epidemiol. Rev. 26, 112–123
DinhP.N., LongH.T., TienN.T.K., HienN.T., Mai Le T.Q., Phong LeH., Tuan LeV., Van TanH., NguyenN.B., Van TuP. and PhuongN.T.M. (2006) Risk factors for human infection with avian influenza A H5N1, Vietnam, 2004. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 12 (12), 1841–1847
Poundstone, K.E., Strathdee, S.A. and Celentano, D.D. (2004) The social epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus/Acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Epidemiol. Rev. 26, 22–35
Rosen, G. (1993) A history of public health. Expanded Edition. The John Hopkins Press, London
Susser, M. (2001) Glossary: causality in public health science. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 55, 376–378
Tellez, M., Sohn, W., Burt, B.A. and Ismail, A.I. (2006) Assessment of the relationship between neighborhood characteristics and dental caries severity among low-income African-Americans: a multilevel approach. J. Public Health Dent. 66 (1), 30–36
Virchow, R. (1848) Mittheilungen über die in Oberschlesien herrschende Typhusepidemie (Informations on the present typhoid fever epidemic in Upper Silesia). Archiv für pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für klinische Medizin II (1–2)
Zahraoui-Mehadji, M., Baakrim, M.Z., Laraqui, S., Laraqui, O., El Kabouss, Y., Verger, C., Caubet, A. and Laraqui, C.H. (2004) Infectious risks associated with blood exposure for traditional barbers and their customers in Morocco [in French]. Santé 14 (4), 211–216
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Krickeberg, K., Klemperer, D. (2009). Social Risk Factors. In: Krämer, A., Kretzschmar, M., Krickeberg, K. (eds) Modern Infectious Disease Epidemiology. Statistics for Biology and Health. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-93835-6_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-93835-6_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-93834-9
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-93835-6
eBook Packages: Mathematics and StatisticsMathematics and Statistics (R0)