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Psychology, Mental Health, and Quality of Life

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Principles and Concepts of Behavioral Medicine

Abstract

This chapter reviews the scope and epidemiology of the problems of mental health worldwide including the epidemiological transition from acute to chronic disease and increased focus on conditions that debilitate, including psychological problems. Chief among these are depression, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, personality disorders, psychological distress, and serious mental illness including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. These interact in varied ways with other health challenges, including maternal health and child development, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and HIV/AIDS. Understanding these is facilitated by a review of both key life course phases, namely, parental health and child development, adolescent development, and older adulthood, and conceptual issues concerning what we call “mental illness” and how we think about psychological problems and their roles in physical disease. This chapter closes with a description of several noteworthy intervention approaches including peer support, stress management in cancer and HIV, mindfulness approaches, and Assertive Community Treatment (ACT), emphasizing the integrative roles of self-management and problem-solving. Along with inclusion of treatment for mental health problems in general healthcare systems, it is important to recognize important ways in which “mental illness” is not “just like any other illness.” The field is headed toward an integration built on shared themes and approaches, but not an assumption of equivalence.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Throughout this chapter, “mental health” and “mental illness” are used as summary terms for a broad range of phenomena referred to by a variety of terms such as “psychopathology,” “abnormal behavior,” and “psychiatric disorder.” This usage is primarily pragmatic and not intended to convey or privilege any conceptual model as to the nature, causes, or fundamental characteristics of this broad range of phenomena.

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Acknowledgment

Material in the section, “What Are We Preventing, Treating, and Managing? Key Definitional and Conceptual Issues” is taken in part from papers of the coauthors Snoek, F. J., Bremmer, M. A., & Hermanns, N. (2015). Constructs of depression and distress in diabetes: time for an appraisal. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 3(6), 450–460; and Fisher, E. B., Chan, J. C. N., Nan, H., Sartorius, N., & Oldenburg, B. (2012). Co-occurrence of diabetes and depression: Conceptual considerations for an emerging global health challenge. Journal of Affective Disorders, 140S, S56–S66.

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Snoek, F.J., Brodar, K.E., Cuddeback, G., Fisher, E.B., Golin, C., Sokol, R.L. (2018). Psychology, Mental Health, and Quality of Life. In: Fisher, E., et al. Principles and Concepts of Behavioral Medicine. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-93826-4_32

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