A research program at Cornell University that sought to study the ability of first and second grade children to acquire basic science concepts and the affect of this learning on later schooling led to the need for a new tool to describe explicit changes in children’s conceptual understanding. Concept mapping was invented in 1972 to meet this need, and subsequently numerous other uses have been found for this tool. Underlying the research program and the development of the concept mapping tool was an explicit cognitive psychology of learning and an explicit constructivist epistemology, described briefly in this paper.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
CmapTools can be downloaded and used at no cost from: http://cmap.ihmc.us
References
Ausubel, D. P. (1963). The psychology of meaningful verbal learning. New York: Grune and Stratton.
Ben-Amar Baranga, C. (1990). Meaningful learning of creative writing in fourth grade with a word processing program integrated in the whole language curriculum. Unpublished M.S. thesis, Cornell University.
Berk, L. E., & Winsler, A. (1995). Scaffolding children’s learning: Vygotsky and early childhood education. Washington, DC: National Assn. for Education for the Education of Young Children.
Bransford, J., Brown, A. L., & Cocking, R. R. (Eds.). (1999). How people learn: Brain, mind, experience, and school. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Cardemone, P. F. (1975). Concept maps: A technique of analyzing a discipline and its use in the curriculum and instruction in a portion of a college level mathematics skills course. Unpublished M.S. thesis, Cornell University.
Cañas, A. J., Hill, G., & Lott, J. (2003). Support for constructing knowledge models in CmapTools (Technical Report No. IHMC CmapTools 2003-02). Pensacola, FL: Institute for Human and Machine Cognition.
Cañas, A. J., Hill, G., Granados, A., Pérez, C., & Pérez, J. D. (2003). The network architecture of CmapTools (Technical Report IHMC CmapTools 2003-01). Pensacola, FL: Institute for Human and Machine Cognition.
Cañas, A. J., Hill, G., Carff, R., Suri, N., Lott, J., Eskridge, T., et al. (2004). CmapTools: A knowledge modelling and sharing environment. In A. J. Cañas, J. D. Novak, & F. Gonázales (Eds.), Concept maps: Theory, methodology, technology. Proceedings of the first international conference on concept mapping (Vol. I, pp. 125–133). Pamplona, Spain: Universidad Pública de Navarra.
Cañas, A. J., Novak, J. D., & González, F. (Eds.) (2004). Concept maps: Theory, methodology, technology. Proceedings of the first international conference on concept mapping. Pamplona, Spain: Universidad Publica de Navarra.
Cañas, A. J., & Novak, J. D. (2005). A concept map-centered learning environment. Symposium at the 11th Biennial Conference of the European Association for Research in Learning and Instruction (EARLI), Cyprus.
Cañas, A. J., & Novak, J. D. (2006). Re-examining the foundations for effective use of concept maps. In A. Canãs & J. D. Novak (Eds.), Concept maps: theory, methodology, technology. Proceedings of the second international conference on concept mapping (Vol. 1, pp. 494–502). San Jose, Costa Rica: Universidad de Costa Rica.
Cañas, A. J., Reiska, P., Åhlberg, M. K., & Novak, J. D. (2008). Concept mapping: Connecting educators. Third international conference on concept mapping. Tallinn, Estonia: Tallinn University.
Carvalho, M., Hewett, R. R., & Canãs, A. J. (2001). Enhancing web searches from concept map-based knowledge models. In N. Callaos, F. G. Tinetti, J. M. Champarnaud, & J. K. Lee (Eds.), Proceedings of SCI 2001: Fifth multiconference on systems, cybernetics and informatics (pp. 69–73). Orlando, FL: International Institute of Informatics and Systemics.
Coffey, J. W., Carnot, M. J., Feltovich, P. J., Hoffman, R. R., Canãs, A. J., & Novak, J. D. (2003). A summary of literature pertaining to the use of concept mapping techniques and technologies for education and performance support. Technical Report submitted to the US Navy Chief of Naval Education and Training, Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL.
Fuata’i, K. A. (1985). The use of Gowin’s Vee and concept maps in the learning of form five mathematics in Samoa College, Western Samoa. Unpublished M.S Thesis, Cornell University.
Fuata’i, K. A. (1998). Learning to solve mathematics problems through concept mapping and Vee mapping. Apia, Samoa: National University of Samoa.
Johnson, D. W., Johnson, R. T., & Holubec, E. J. (1988). Cooperation in the classroom, revised. Edina, MN: Interaction Book Co.
Kuhn, T. S. (1962). The structure of scientific revolutions. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Miller, N. L., Cañas, A. J., & Novak, J. D. (2008). Use of the CmapTools recorder to explore acquisition of skill in concept mapping. In A. J. Cañas, P. Reiska, M. Åhlberg & J. D. Novak (Eds.), Concept mapping: Connecting educators. Proceedings of the third international conference on concept mapping (Vol. 2, pp. 674–681). Tallinn, Estonia: Tallinn University.
Minemier, L. (1983). Concept Mapping and educational tool and its use in a college level mathematics skills course. Unpublished M.S. thesis, Cornell University.
Novak, J. D. (1977). A theory of education. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Novak, J. D. (1986). The importance of emerging constructivist epistemology for mathematics education. Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 5, 181–184.
Novak, J. D. (1990). Concept maps and Vee diagrams: Two metacognitive tools for science and mathematics education. Instructional Science, 19, 29–52.
Novak, J. D. (1998). Learning, creating, and using knowledge: Concept maps as facilitative tools in schools and corporations. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Novak, J. D. (2002). Meaningful learning: The essential factor for conceptual change in limited or appropriate propositional hierarchies (liphs) leading to empowerment of learners. Science Education, 86(4), 548–571.
Novak, J. D., & Gowin, D. B. (1984). Learning how to learn. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Novak, J. D., & Canãs, A. J. (2004). Building on new constructivist ideas and the CmapTools to create a new model for education. In A. J. Canãs, J. D. Novak, & F. M. Gonázales (Eds.), Concept maps: Theory, methodology, technology. Proceedings of the first international conference on concept mapping. Pamplona, Spain: Universidad Publica de Navarra.
Novak, J. D., & Musonda, D. (1991). A twelve-year longitudinal study of science concept learning. American Educational Research Journal, 28(1), 117–153.
Sánchez, E., Bennett, C., Vergara, C., Garrido, R., & Cañas, A. J. (2008). Who am I? Building a sense of pride and belonging in a collaborative network. In A. J. Cañas, P. Reiska, M. Åhlberg, & J. D. Novak (Eds.), Concept mapping: Connecting educators. Proceedings of the third international conference on concept mapping. Tallinn, Estonia & Helsinki, Finland: University of Tallinn.
Tarté, G. (2006). Conéctate al Conocimiento: Una Estrategia Nacional de Panamá basada en Mapas Conceptuales. In A. J. Canãs & J. D. Novak (Eds.), Concept maps: Theory, methodology, technology. Proceedings of the second international conference on concept mapping (Vol. 1, pp. 144–152). San José, Costa Rica: Universidad de Costa Rica.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1934/1986). Thought and language. In Alex Kozulin (Ed. & Trans.). Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Novak, J.D., Cañas, A.J. (2009). The Development and Evolution of the Concept Mapping Tool Leading to a New Model for Mathematics Education. In: Afamasaga-Fuata'i, K. (eds) Concept Mapping in Mathematics. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-89194-1_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-89194-1_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-89193-4
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-89194-1
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawEducation (R0)