Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

The Gibbons pp 211–239Cite as

Ecology and the Social System of Gibbons

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects ((DIPR))

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Altmann, S.A., Wagner, S.S. and Lennington, S. 1977. Two models for the evolution of polygyny. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 2:397–410.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Andelman, S.J. 1986. Ecological and social determinants of cercopithecine mating patterns. In Ecological Aspects of Social Evolution in Birds and Mammals, D.I. Rubenstein and R.W. Wrangham (eds.), pp. 201–216. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartlett, T.Q. 1999. Feeding and ranging behavior of the white-handed gibbon (Hylobates lar) in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand. (unpubl. Ph.D. thesis, Washington University-St. Louis).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartlett, T.Q. 2003. Intragroup and intergroup social interactions in white-handed gibbons. International Journal of Primatology 24:239–259.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bartlett, T.Q. 2009. The Gibbons of Khao Yai: Seasonal Variation in Behavior and Ecology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brockelman, W.Y. and Srikosamatara, S. 1984. Maintenance and evolution of social structure in gibbons. In The Lesser Apes: Evolutionary and Behavioural Biology, H. Preuschoft, D.J. Chivers, W.Y. Brockelman and N. Creel (eds.), pp. 298–323. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brockelman, W.Y., Reichard, U., Treesucon, U. and Raemaekers, J. 1998. Dispersal, pair formation and social structure in gibbons (Hylobates lar). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 42:329–339.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brotherton, P.N.M. and Komers, P.E. 2003. Mate guarding and the evolution of social monogamy in mammals. In Monogamy: Mating Strategies and Partnerships in Birds, Humans and other Mammals, U.H. Reichard and C. Boesch (eds.), pp. 42–58. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter, C. 1940. A field study in Siam of the behavior and social relations of the gibbon (Hylobates lar). Comparative Psychology Monographs 16:1–201.

    Google Scholar 

  • Charnov, E.L. 1976. Optimal foraging: the marginal value theorem. Theoretical Population Biology 9:129–136.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chivers, D.J. 1972. The siamang and the gibbon in the Malay peninsula. In Gibbon and Siamang, D.M. Rumbaugh (eds.), pp. 103–135. Basel: Karger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chivers, D.J. 1974. The Siamang in Malaya: A Field Study of a Primate in Tropical Rain Forest. Basel: Karger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chivers, D.J. 1977. The lesser apes. In Primate Conservation, H.P. Ranier and G. Bourne (eds.), pp. 539–598. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clutton-Brock, T.H. 1974. Primate social organization and ecology. Nature 250:539–541.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clutton-Brock, T.H. 1991. The Evolution of Parental Care. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clutton-Brock, T.H. and Harvey, P.H. 1977. Species differences in feeding and ranging behaviour in primates. In Primate Ecology: Studies of Feeding and Ranging Behaviour in Lemurs, Monkeys and Apes, T.H. Clutton-Brock (ed.), pp. 557–579. London: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crook, J.H. and Gartlan, J.S. 1966. Evolution of primate societies. Nature 210:1200–1203.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Curtin, S.H. 1980. Dusky and banded leaf monkeys. In Malaysian Forest Primates: Ten Years’ Study in Tropical Rain Forest, D.J. Chivers (ed.), pp. 107–145. New York: Plenum Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Darwin, C.R. 1871. The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex. London: J. Murray.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Dunbar, R.I.M. 1988. Primate Social Systems. London: Chapman and Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunbar, R.I.M. and Sharman, M. 1984. Is social grooming altruistic? Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 64:163–173.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eisenberg, J.F., Muckenhirn, N.A. and Rudran, R. 1972. The relations between ecology and social structure in primates. Science 176:863–874.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ellefson, J.O. 1968. Territorial behavior in the common white-handed gibbon, Hylobates lar Linn. In Primates: Studies in Adaptation and Variability, P.C. Jay (ed.), pp. 180–199. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellefson, J.O. 1974. A natural history of white-handed gibbons in the Malayan peninsula. In Gibbon and Siamang, D.M. Rumbaugh (ed.), pp. 1–136. Basel: Karger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emlen, S.T. and Oring, L.W. 1977. Ecology, sexual selection, and the evolution of mating systems. Science 197:215–223.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fleagle, J.G. 1980. Locomotion and posture. In Malayan Forest Primates: Ten Years' Study in Tropical Rain Forest, D.J. Chivers (ed.), pp. 191–207. New York: Plenum Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuentes, A. 2000. Hylobatid communities: changing views on pair bonding and social organization in hominoids. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 43:33–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghiglieri, M.P. 1984. Feeding ecology and sociality of chimpanzees in Kibale Forest, Uganda. In Adaptations for Foraging in Nonhuman Primates, P.S. Rodman and J.G.H. Cant (eds.), pp. 161–194. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gittins, S.P. 1980. Territorial behavior in the agile gibbon. International Journal of Primatology 1:381–399.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gittins, S.P. and Raemaekers, J.J. 1980. Siamang, lar and agile gibbons. In Malayan Forest Primates: Ten Years' Study in Tropical Rain Forest, D.J. Chivers (ed.), pp. 63–105. New York: Plenum Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goss-Custard, J.D., Dunbar, R.I.M. and Aldrich-Blake, F.P.G. 1972. Survival, mating and rearing strategies in the evolution of primate social structure. Folia Primatologica 17:1–19.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gowaty, P.A. 1996. Battles of the sexes and origins of monogamy. In Partnerships in Birds, J.M. Black (ed.), pp. 21–52. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grand, T.I. 1984. Motion economy within the canopy: four strategies for mobility. In Adaptations for Foraging in Nonhuman Primates: Contributions to an Organismal Biology of Prosimians, Monkeys, and Apes, P.S. Rodman and J.G.H. Cant (eds.), pp. 55–72. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grether, G.F., Palombit, R.A. and Rodman, P.S. 1992. Gibbon foraging decisions and the marginal value model. International Journal of Primatology 13:1–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Janson, C.H. 2000. Spatial movement strategies: theory, evidence, and challenges. In On the Move: Why Animals Travel in Groups, S. Boinski and P.A. Garber (eds.), pp. 165–203. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Janson, C.H. and Di Bitetti, M.S. 1997. Experimental analysis of food detection in capuchin monkeys: effects of distance, travel speed, and resource size. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 41:17–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang, X., Wang, Y. and Wang, Q. 1999. Coexistence of monogamy and polygyny in black-crested gibbons (Hylobates concolor). Primates 40:607–611.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jolly, A. 1972. The Evolution of Primate Behavior. New York: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kay, R.F. 1984. On the use of anatomical features to infer foraging behavior in extinct primates. In Adaptations for Foraging in Nonhuman Primates: Contributions to an Organismal Biology of Prosimians, Monkeys and Apes, P.S. Rodman and J.G.H. Cant (eds.), pp. 21–53. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kleiman, D.G. 1977. Monogamy in mammals. Quarterly Review of Biology 52:39–69.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lappan, S. 2007. Social relationships among males in multi-male siamang groups. International Journal of Primatology 28:369–387.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lappan, S. 2008. Male care of infants in a siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus) population including socially monogamous and polyandrous groups. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 62:1307–1317.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leighton, D.R. 1987. Gibbons: territoriality and monogamy. In Primate Societies, B.B. Smuts, D.L. Cheney, R.M. Seyfarth, R.W. Wrangham and T.T. Struhsaker (eds.), pp. 135–145. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leighton, M. and Leighton, D.R. 1983. Vertebrate responses to fruiting seasonality within a Bornean rain forest. In Tropical Rain Forest: Ecology and Management, S.L. Sutton, T.C. Whitmore and A.C. Chadwick (eds.), pp. 181–196. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacKinnon, J.R. and MacKinnon, K.S. 1980. Niche differentiation in a primate community. In Malayan forest Primates: Ten Years' Study in Tropical Rain Forest, D.J. Chivers (ed.), pp. 167–190. New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacKinnon, J.R. and MacKinnon, K.S. 1984. Territoriality and song in gibbons and tarsiers. In The Lesser Apes: Evolutionary and Behavioural Biology, H. Preuschoft, D.J. Chivers, W.Y. Brockelman and N. Creel (eds.), pp. 291–297. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • McConkey, K.R., Aldy, F., Ario, A. and Chivers, D.J. 2002. Selection of fruit by gibbons (Hylobates muelleri x agilis) in the rain forests of central Borneo. International Journal of Primatology 23:123–145.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McFarland, M.J. 1986. Ecological determinants of fission-fusion sociality in Ateles and Pan. In Primate Ecology and Conservation, J.G. Else and P.C. Lee (eds.), pp. 181–190. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Milton, K. 1980. The Foraging Strategy of Howler Monkeys: A Study in Primate Economics. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitani, J.C. 1990a. Experimental field studies of Asian ape social systems. International Journal of Primatology 11:103–126.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitani, J.C. 1990b. Demography of agile gibbons (Hylobates agilis). International Journal of Primatology 11:411–424.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitani, J.C. and Rodman, P.S. 1979. Territoriality: the relation of ranging pattern and home range size to defendability, with an analysis of territoriality among primate species. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 5:241–251.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nettelbeck, A.R. 2003. On the social behaviour of wild immature white-handed gibbons Hylobates lar (Linnaeus, 1771). (unpubl. Ph.D. thesis, University of Hamburg).

    Google Scholar 

  • Norconk, M.A. and Kinzey, W.G. 1994. Challenge of neotropical frugivory: travel patterns of spider monkeys and bearded sakis. American Journal of Primatology 34:171–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oates, J.F. 1987. Food distribution and foraging behavior. In Primate Societies, B.B. Smuts, D.L. Cheney, R.M. Seyfarth, R.W. Wrangham and T.T. Struhsaker (eds.), pp. 197–209. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palombit, R.A. 1993. Lethal territorial aggression in a monogamous primate. American Journal of Primatology 31:311–318.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Palombit, R.A. 1994. Dynamic pair bonds in hylobatids: implications regarding monogamous social systems. Behaviour 128:65–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Palombit, R.A. 2000. Infanticide and the evolution of male-female bonds in animals. In Infanticide by Males and its Implications, C.P. van Schaik and C.H. Janson (eds.), pp. 239–268. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Pereira, H.M., Bergman, A. and Roughgarden, J. 2003. Socially stable territories: the negotiation of space by interacting foragers. American Naturalist 161:143–152.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, K.A. 1995. Resource patch size and flexible foraging in white-faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus). International Journal of Primatology 16:509–519.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Preuschoft, H. and Demes, B. 1984. Biomechanics of brachiation. In The Lesser Apes: Evolutionary and Behavioural Biology, H. Preuschoft, D.J. Chivers, W.Y. Brockelman and N. Creel (eds.), pp. 96–118. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raemaekers, J.J. 1984. Large versus small gibbons: relative roles of bioenergetics and competition in their ecological segregation in sympatry. In The Lesser Apes: Evolutionary and Behavioral Biology, H. Preuschoft, D.J. Chivers, W.Y. Brockelman and N. Creel (eds.), pp. 209–218. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raemaekers, J.J. and Chivers, D.J. 1980. Socio-ecology of Malayan forest primates. In Malayan Forest Primates: 10 Years' Study in Tropical Rain Forest, D.J. Chivers (ed.), pp. 279–316. New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raemaekers, J.J. and Raemaekers, P.M. 1985. Field playback of loud calls to gibbons (Hylobates lar): territorial, sex-specific and species-specific responses. Animal Behaviour 33:481–493.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reichard, U. 1991. Zum Sozialverhalten einer Gruppe freilebender Weisshandgibbons (Hylobates lar). (unpubl. M.Sc. thesis, University of Goettingen).

    Google Scholar 

  • Reichard, U. 1995. Extra-pair copulations in a monogamous gibbon (Hylobates lar). Ethology 100:99–112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reichard, U. 2003. Social monogamy in gibbons: the male perspective. In Monogamy: Mating Strategies and Partnerships in Birds, Humans, and Other Mammals, U. Reichard and C. Boesch (eds.), pp. 190–213. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reichard, U. and Sommer, V. 1994. Grooming site preferences in wild white-handed gibbons (Hylobates lar). Primates 35:369–374.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodman, P.S. 1984. Foraging and social systems of orangutans and chimpanzees. In Adaptations for Foraging in Nonhuman Primates: Contributions to an Organismal Biology of Prosimians, Monkeys, and Apes, P.S. Rodman and J.G.H. Cant (eds.), pp. 134–160. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roos, C.I. and Geissmann, T. 2001. Molecular phylogeny of the major hylobatid divisions. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 19:486–494.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rubenstein, D.I. and Wrangham, R.W. 1986. Socioecology: origins and trends. In Ecological Aspects of Social Evolution in Birds and Mammals, D.I. Rubenstein and R.W. Wrangham (eds.), pp. 3–17. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rutberg, A.T. 1983. The evolution of monogamy in primates. Journal of Theoretical Biology 104:93–112.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Savini, T., Boesch, C. and Reichard, U. 2008. Home-range characteristics and the influence of seasonality on female reproduction in white-handed gibbons (Hylobates lar) at Khao Yai National Park, Thailand. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 135:1–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schülke, O. 2003. To breed or not to breed – food competition and other factors involved in female breeding decisions in the pair-living nocturnal fork-marked lemur (Phaner furcifer). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 55:11–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Slagsvold, T., Dale, S. and Sætre, G.-P. 1994. Dawn singing in the great tit (Parus major): mate attraction, mate guarding, or territorial defense? Behaviour 131:115–138.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sommer, V. and Reichard, U. 2000. Rethinking monogamy: the gibbon case. In Primate Males, P.M. Kappeler (ed.), pp. 159–168. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Srikosamatara, S. and Brockelman, W.Y. 1987. Polygyny in a group of pileated gibbons via a familial route. International Journal of Primatology 8:389–393.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suwanvecho, U. 1997. Behavioural study of maturation of white-handed gibbons (Hylobates lar) at Khao Yai National Park, Thailand. (unpubl. M.Sc. thesis, Mahidol University).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tenaza, R.R. 1975. Territory and monogamy among Kloss' gibbons (Hylobates klossii) in Siberut Island, Indonesia. Folia Primatologica 24:60–80.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Terborgh, J. 1983. Five New World Primates: A Study in Comparative Ecology. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Terborgh, J. 1986. The social systems of New World primates: an adaptionist view. In Primate Ecology and Conservation, J.G. Else and P.C. Lee (eds.), pp. 199–211. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Terborgh, J. and Janson, C. 1986. The socioecology of primate groups. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 17:111–135.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tilson, R.L. 1981. Family formation strategies of Kloss's gibbons. Folia Primatologica 35:259–287.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Treesucon, U. 1984. Social development of young gibbons (Hylobates lar) in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand. (unpubl. M.Sc. thesis, Mahidol University).

    Google Scholar 

  • Trivers, R.L. 1972. Parental investment and sexual selection. In Sexual Selection and the Descent of Man, B. Campbell (ed.), pp. 136–179. Chicago: Aldine.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tuttle, R.H. 1972. Functional and evolutionary biology of hylobatid hands and feet. In Gibbon and Siamang v. 1, D.M. Rumbaugh (ed.), pp. 136–206. Basel: Karger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Uhde, N.L. and Sommer, V. 2002. Antipredatory behavior in gibbons (Hylobates lar, Khao Yai/Thailand). In Eat or be Eaten: Predator Sensitive Foraging among Primates, L.E. Miller (ed.), pp. 268–291. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Ungar, P. 1995. Fruit preferences of four sympatric primate species at Ketambe, Northern Sumatra, Indonesia. International Journal of Primatology 16:221–245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Schaik, C.P. 1992. Territorial behavior in Southeast Asian langurs: resource defense or mate defense? American Journal of Primatology 26:233–242.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Schaik, C.P. 1996. Social evolution in primates: the role of ecological factors and male behavior. In Evolution of Primate Behaviour Patterns in Primates and Man, W.G. Runciman, J. Maynard Smith and R.I.M. Dunbar (eds.), pp. 9–31. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Schaik, C.P. and Dunbar, R.I.M. 1990. The evolution of monogamy in large primates: a new hypothesis and some crucial tests. Behaviour 115:30–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Schaik, C.P. and Kappeler, P.M. 1997. Infanticide risk and the evolution of male-female association in primates. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London – Series B: Biological Sciences 264:1687–1694.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Schaik, C.P. and Kappeler, P.M. 2003. The evolution of social monogamy in primates. In Monogamy: Mating Strategies and Partnerships in Birds, Humans, and Other Mammals, U. Reichard and C. Boesch (eds.), pp. 59–80. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waser, P.M. 1987. Interactions among primate species. In Primate Societies, B.B. Smuts, D.L. Cheney, R.M. Seyfarth, R.W. Wrangham and T.T. Struhsaker (eds.), pp. 210–226. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitington, C. 1992. Interactions between lar gibbons and pig-tailed macaques at fruit sources. American Journal of Primatology 26:61–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whitten, A.J. 1982. A numerical analysis of tropical rain forest, using floristic and structural data, and its application to an analysis of gibbon ranging behaviour. Journal of Ecology 70:249–271.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, G.C. 1966. Adaptation and Natural Selection: A Critique of some Current Evolutionary Thought. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wittenberger, J.F. 1979. The evolution of mating systems in birds and mammals,. In Handbook of Neurobiology, Vol. 3: Social Behavior and Communication, P. Marler and J.G. Vandenbergh (eds.), pp. 271–349. New York: Plenum Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wittenberger, J.F. and Tilson, R.L. 1980. The evolution of monogamy: hypotheses and evidence. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 11:197–232.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Woodroffe, R. and Vincent, A. 1994. Mothers’ little helpers: patterns of male care in mammals. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 9:294–297.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wrangham, R.W. 1979. On the evolution of ape social systems. Social Science Information 18:335–368.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wrangham, R.W. 1980. An ecological model of female-bonded primate groups. Behaviour 75:262–300.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wrangham, R.W. 1987. Evolution of social structure. In Primate Societies, B.B. Smuts, D.L. Cheney, R.M. Seyfarth, R.W. Wrangham and T.T. Struhsaker (eds.), pp. 282–296. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work has been supported by the TRF/BIOTEC Special Program for Biodiversity Research and Training grants BRT 239001, 242001 and 346005, and by funding from the Institute of Science and Technology for Research and Development of Mahidol University. I thank Jitana Aramwit, Amnart Boonkongchart, Samart Chomchin, and Saiwaroon Chongko and Juntima Jaengarun for their dedicated field assistance, and Pranom Kunsakorn, Udomlux Suwanvecho, Janya Tadjaroen, Nicola Uhde, Pimpanas Vimuktayon, Chanpen Wongsriphuak, and Anuparp Yhamdee for help in supplying observations and data. This chapter has benefited from past discussions with Ryne Palombit, Ulrich Reichard, Volker Sommer, and Carel van Schaik, although the ideas expressed are purely my own. I particularly thank Thad Bartlett, Carola Borries, Andreas Koenig, Ulrich Reichard, Lori Sheeran, and Richard Wrangham for their critical comments on the manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Institute of Science and Technology for Research and Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand

    Warren Y. Brockelman

Authors
  1. Warren Y. Brockelman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Warren Y. Brockelman .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

    Rights and permissions

    Reprints and permissions

    Copyright information

    © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

    About this chapter

    Cite this chapter

    Brockelman, W.Y. (2009). Ecology and the Social System of Gibbons. In: Whittaker, D., Lappan, S. (eds) The Gibbons. Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-88604-6_11

    Download citation

    Publish with us

    Policies and ethics

    Search

    Navigation