Abstract
In the previous chapter we outlined the story of how galaxies have likely assembled into the forms we see in the modern universe. Th is formation is largely based on observational properties of these systems that allow us to construct how these galaxies were put together.
Now is the time, the walrus said, to talk of many things…
—Lewis Carroll, “The Walrus and the Carpenter”
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References
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Ibid., 7.
Among the seminal papers establishing this result are: Vera C. Rubin and W. Kent Ford, Jr., “Rotation of the Andromeda Nebula from a spectroscopic survey of emission regions,” Astrophysical Journal, 159 (1970), 379-402 and Vera C. Rubin, W. Kent Ford, Jr. and Norbert Thonnard, “Extended Rotation Curves of High-Luminosity Spiral Galaxies, IV; Systematic Dynamical Properties, SA→SC,” Astrophysical Journal, 225 (1978), L107-L111.
See: Richard Panek, The 4% Universe: dark matter, dark energy, and the race to discover the rest of reality. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2011.
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A good non-technical overview is: Kip Thorne, Black Holes and Time Warps: Einstein’s outrageous legacy. New York: W.W. Norton, 1994.
See: Fulvio Melia, Cracking the Einstein Code: relativity and the birth of black hole physics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009.
A.D. Bolatto, S.R. Warren, A.K. Leroy, F. Walter, S. Veilleux, E.C. Ostriker, J. Ott, M. Zwaan, D.B. Gisher, A. Weiss, E. Rosolowsky and J. Hodge, “Suppression of star formation in the galaxy NGC 253 by a starburst-driven molecular wind,” Nature, 499 (July 25, 2013), 450-453.
Popular accounts include George Smoot and Keay Davidson, Wrinkles in Time: witness to the birth of the universe. New York: Harper, 1993 and John C. Mather and John Boslough, The Very First Light: the true inside story of the scientific journey back to the dawn of the universe. New York: Perseus, 2nd ed., 2008.
A very accessible account is: Alan H. Guth, The Inflationary Universe: the quest for a new theory of cosmic origins. Reading, Massachusetts: Helix Books, 1997.
John Gribbon, Companion to the Cosmos (Boston: Little Brown and Company, 1996), 219.
Weinberg, First Three Minutes, 123.
Leon M. Lederman and David N. Schramm, From Quarks to the Cosmos: tools of discovery (New York: Scientific American Library, 1995), 153.
Ibid., 79.
Weinberg, First Three Minutes, 69.
Martin Rees, Just Six Numbers: the deep forces that shape the universe (New York: Basic Books, 2000), 74-75.
Weinberg, The First Three Minutes, 144.
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Sheehan, W., Conselice, C.J. (2015). Over to the Dark Side: Dark Matter, Black Holes, and the Origin of the Universe. In: Galactic Encounters. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-85347-5_14
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