Skip to main content

Microbiology and Management of Pleural Empyema

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Hot Topics in Infection and Immunity in Children V

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 634))

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alfaro C, Fergie J, Purcell K. Emergence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in complicated parapneumonic effusions. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2005, 24(3): 274–275.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Kaabi N, Solh Z, Pacheco S, et al. A comparison of Group A Streptococcus versus Streptococcus pneumoniae Pneumonia. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2006, 25: 1008–1012.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Avansino J R, Goldman B, Sawin R S, et al. Primary operative versus nonoperative therapy for pediatric empyema, a meta-analysis. Pediatrics 2005, 115(6): 1652–1659.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Balfour-Lynn I M, Abrahamson E, Cohen G, et al. BTS guidelines for the management of pleural infection in children. Thorax 2005, 60: i1–i21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baranwal A K, Singh M, Marwaha R K, et al Empyema thoracis: a 10-year comparative review of hospitalised children from south Asia. Arch Dis Child 2003, 88: 1009–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barnes N P, Hull J, Thomson A H. Medical management of parapneumonic pleural disease. Pediatr Pulmonol 2005, 39(2): 127–43.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Behrman R E, Vaughan V C. 1987. Nelson textbook of pediatrics. 13th ed. Philadelphia. WB Saunders Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bekri H, Cohen R, Varon E, et al. Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes involved in children with pleural empyemas in France. Archives de Pediatrie 2007, 14(3): 239–243

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bibby A C, Leeming J P, Fletcher M et al. 25th Annual meeting of ESPID. 2007, abstract 468: 244.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brueggeman A B, Spratt B G. Geographic Distribution and clonal diversity of Streptococcus pneumoniae Septypr 1 isolates. 2003, 41: 4966–4970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckingham S C, King M D, Miller ML Incidence and etiologies of complicated parapneumonic effusions in children, 1996–2001. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2003, 22(6): 499–504.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Byington C L, Korgenski K, Daly J, et al. Impact of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on pneumococcal parapneumonic empyema. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2006, 25(3): 250–254.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Byington C L, Spencer L Y, Johnson T A, et al. An epidemiological investigation of a sustained high rate or pediatric parapneumonic empyema: risk factors and microbiological associations. CID 2002, 34: 434–440.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carey J A, Hamilton J R L, Spencer D A, et al. Empyema thoracis: a role for open thoracotomy and decortication. Arch Dis Child 1998, 79: 510–513.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman S J, Khor C C, Vannberg F O et al. IkappaB genetic polymorphisms and invasive pneumococcal disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007 Jul 15, 176(2): 181–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clark J E, Hammal D, Hampton F, et al. Epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia in children seen in hospital. Epidemiol Infect 2007, 135: 262–269.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clark J E, Hammal D, Spencer D A, Hampton F. Children with pneumonia – how do they present and how are they managed? Arch Dis Child 2007 May, 92(5): 394–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eastham K M, Freeman R, Kearns A M et al. Clinical features, aetiology and outcome of empyema in children in the North East of England. Thorax 2004, 59: 522–525.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fletcher M, Leeming J, Cartwright K, et al. Childhood empyema: Limited potential impact of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Pediatrc Infect Dis J 2006, 25: 559–560.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • George A C, Melegaro A. Invasive pneumococcal infection in England and Wales 1999. CDR Weekly 2001:11–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hardie W, Bokulie R, Garcia V F, et al. Pneumococcal pleural empymas in children. Clin Infect Dis 1996, 22(6): 1057–63.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henriques N, Kalin M, Ortqvist A et al. Dynamics of penicillin-susceptible clones in invasive pneumococcal disease. J Infect Dis 2001, 184: 861–869.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hsieh Y C, Hsueh P R, Lu C Y, et al. Clinical manifestations and molecular epidemiology of necrotizing pneumonia and empyema caused by streptococcus pneumoniae in children in Taiwan. CID 2004, 38: 830–835.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirkham L A S, Jefferies J M C, Kerr A R, et al. Identification of invasive serotype 1 pneumococcal isolates that express nonhemolytic pneumolysin. J Clin Microbiol 2006, 44: 151–159.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Light R W. Parapneumonic effusions and empyema. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2006, 3(1): 75–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin C J, Chen P Y, Huang F L, et al. Radiographic, clinical, and prognostic features of complicated and uncomplicated community-acquired lobar pneumonia in children. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2006, 39: 489–495.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martins S, Valente S, David T N, et al. Complicated pleural effusion in children – therapeutical approach. Revista Portugesa de Pneumologia 2007, 13(1): 53–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Memon S A B, Shaikh S J. The etiology of pleural effusion in children: Hyderabad experience. Pak J Med Sci 2007, 23(1): 86–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Monnier A L, Carbonnelle E, Zahar J R, et al. Microbiological diagnosis of empyema in children: Comparative evaluations by culture, polymerase chain reaction, and pneumococcal antigen detection in pleural fluids. CID 2006, 42: 1135–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rees J., Spencer D., Parikh D., Weller P. Increase in incidence of childhood empyema in West Midlands, UK. Lancet 1997 Feb 8, 349(9049): 402.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schultz K D, Fan L L, Pinsky J, et al. The changing face of pleural empyemas in children: Epidemiology and management. Pediatrics 2004, 113(6): 1735–1740.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shen Y H, Hwang K P, Niu C K. Complicated parapneumonic effusion and empyema in children. J Micro Imm Infect 2006, 39: 483–488.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh M, Singh S K, Chowdhary S K. Management of empyema thoracic in children. Indian Pediatr 2002 Feb, 39(2): 145–57.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sonnappa S, Cohen G, Owens C M, et al. Comparison of urokinase and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for treatment of childhood empyema. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006, 174: 221–227.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spencer D A, Iqbal S M, Hassan A, et al. Empyema thoraces is still increasing in UK children. BMJ 2006, 332: 1333–1333.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tan T, Mason E, Wald E R, et al. Clinical characteristics of children with complicated pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Pediatrics 2002, 110: 1–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Teixeira L R, Sasse S A, Villarino M A, et al. Antibiotic levels in pleural fluid. Chest 2000, 117: 1734–1739.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomson A H, Hull J, Kumar M R, et al. Randomised trial of intrapleural urokinas in the treatment of childhood empyema. Thorax 2002, 57: 343–347.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson A, Reid A, Shields M, Steen H, Taylor R. Increased incidence in childhood empyema thoracis in Northern Ireland. Ir Med J 1999, 92(7): 438.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Julia Clark .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Clark, J. (2009). Microbiology and Management of Pleural Empyema. In: Finn, A., Curtis, N., Pollard, A. (eds) Hot Topics in Infection and Immunity in Children V. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 634. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79838-7_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics