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Cardiac Bioelectric Therapy pp 551–570Cite as

The Future of the Implantable Defibrillator

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As successful as the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) has been, the therapy is far from perfect. The device implantations are nontrivial and implant testing still has some morbidity and a relatively rare mortality associated with it. Partly due to the high effectiveness of ICDs, the largest morbidity associated with this therapy is psychiatric due to the pain of shocks especially — but not exclusively — due to inappropriate shocks. In spite of the dramatic positive impact on sudden death, patients with ICDs can still die from sudden death because of high defibrillation threshold fibrillation or nonshockable rhythms such as pulseless electrical activity. This chapter will discuss possibilities for addressing these therapy limitations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Charles D. Swerdlow

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  1. Mark W. Kroll
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA

    Igor R. Efimov PhD

  2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Mark W. Kroll PhD

  3. Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH

    Patrick J. Tchou MD

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Kroll, M.W., Swerdlow, C.D. (2009). The Future of the Implantable Defibrillator. In: Efimov, I.R., Kroll, M.W., Tchou, P.J. (eds) Cardiac Bioelectric Therapy. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79403-7_23

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