Skip to main content

Characteristics and Applications of Microbial Starters in Meat Fermentations

  • Chapter

Fermentation and drying are among the most ancient food preservation techniques used by man. Developed through the years, these processes prolonged the storage time of meats (and meat products) and brought favorable changes to their organoleptic properties, with respect to the original substrate.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Aarestrup, F. M., Agersø, Y., Ahrens, P., Østergaard Jørgensen, J. C., Madsen, M., & Bogø Jensen, L. (2000). Antimicrobial susceptibility and presence of resistance genes in staphylococci from poultry. Veterinary Microbiology, 74, 353–364

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Agvald-Ohman, C., Lund, B., & Edlun, C. (2004). Multiresistant coagulase-negative staphylococci disseminate frequently between intubated patient into a multidisciplinary intensive care unit. Critical Care, 8, 42–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ahn, C., Collins-Thompson, D., Duncan, C., & Stiles, M. E. (1992). Mobilization and location of the genetic determinant of chloramphenicol resistance from Lactobacillus plantarum caTC2R. Plasmid, 27, 169–176.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ammor, M. S., Gueimonde, M., Danielsen, M., Zagorec, M., van Hoek, A. H., de Los Reyes-Gavilán, C. G., et al. (2008). Two different tetracycline resistance mechanisms, plasmid-carried tet(L) and chromosomally-encoded transposon-associated tet(M), coexist in Lactobacillus sakei Rits 9. Applied Environmental Microbiology (Epub ahead of print).

    Google Scholar 

  • Axelsson, L. (2004). Lactic acid bacteria: Classification and physiology. In S. Salminen, A. Ouwehand, & A. Von Wright (Eds.), Lactic acid bacteria: Microbiology and functional aspects (3rd ed.). New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bacus, J. (1984). Utilization of microorganisms in meat processing: A handbook for meat plant operators. Research Studies, Letchworth (UK).

    Google Scholar 

  • Balaban, N., & Rasooly, A. (2000). Staphylococcal enterotoxins. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 61, 1–10.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bannerman, T. L. (2003). Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, and other catalase-positive cocci that grow aerobically. In P. R. Murray, E. J. Baron, J. H. Jorgensen, M. A. Pfaller, R. H. Yolken (Eds.), Manual of Clinical Microbiology (Vol. 5, pp. 384–404). Washington: American Society Microbiology.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barriere, C., Bruckner, R., Centeno, D., & Talon, R. (2002). Characterization of the katA gene encoding a catalase and evidence for at least a second catalase activity in Staphylococcus xylosus, bacteria used in food fermentation. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 216(2), 277–283.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barriere, C., Centeno, D., Lebert, A., Leroy-Setrin, S., Berdague’, J., & Talon, R. (2001a). Roles of superoxide dismutase and catalase of Staphylococcus xylosus in the inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation. \textit{FEMS Microbiology Letters, 201, 181–185.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barriere, C., Leroy-Sétrin, S., & Talon, R. (2001b). Characterization of catalase and superoxide dismutase in Staphylococcus carnosus 833 strain. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 91,514–519.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beck, H., Hansen, A., & Lauritsen, F. (2002). Metabolite production and kinetics of branched-chain aldehyde oxidation in Staphylococcus xylosus. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 31, 94–101.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bover-Cid, S., Izquierdo-Pulido, M., & Vidal-Carou, M. (2001). Effectiveness of a Lactobacillus sakei starter culture in the reduction of biogenic amine accumulation as a function of the raw material quality. Journal of Food Protection, 64, 367–373.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bover-Cid, S., Hugas, M., Izquierdo-Pulido, M., & Vidal-Carou, M. (2000a). Reduction of biogenic amine formation using a negative amino acid-decarboxylase starter culture for fermentation of “Fuet” sausages. Journal of Food Protection, 63, 237–243.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bover-Cid, S., Izquierdo-Pulido, M., & Vidal-Carou, M. (2000b). Mixed starter cultures to control biogenic amine production in dry fermented sausages. Journal of Food Protection, 63,1556–1562.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bover-Cid, S., & Holzapfel, W. H. (1999). Improved screening procedure for biogenic amine production by lactic acid bacteria. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 53, 33–41.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bover-Cid, S., Schoppen, S., Izquierdo-Pulido, M., & Vidal-Carou, M. C. (1999). Relationship between biogenic amine contents and the size of dry fermented sausages. Meat Science 51, 305–311.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buckenhüskes, H. J. (1994). Bacterial starter cultures for fermented sausages. Meat Focus International, 12, 497–500.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chaillou, S., Champomier-Verges, M. C., Cornet, M., Crutz-Le Coq, A. M., Dudez, A. M., Martin, V., et al. (2005). The complete genome sequence of the meat-borne lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus sakei 23K. Nature Biotechnology, 23, 1527–1533.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Champomier-Verges, M. C., Marceau, A., Mera, T., & Zagorec, M. (2002). The pepR gene of Lactobacillus sakei is positively regulated by anaerobiosis at the transcriptional level. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 68(8), 3873–3877.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Champomier-Verges, M. C., Zúñiga, M, Morel-Deville, F., Pérez-Martinez, G., Zagorec, M., & Ehrlich, S. D. (1999). Relationships between arginine degradation, pH and survival in Lactobacillus sakei. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 180, 297–304.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cocconcelli, P. S., Cattivelli, D., & Gazzola, S. (2003). Gene transfer of vancomycin and tetracycline resistances among Enterococcus faecalis during cheese and sausage fermentation. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 88, 315–323.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dordet-Frisoni, E., Talon R., &. Leroy, S. (2007). Physical and genetic map of the Staphylococcus xylosus C2a chromosome. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 266(2), 184–193.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • EFSA The EFSA Journal. (2007). 587, 1–16 © European Food Safety Authority, 2007 Introduction of a Qualified Presumption of Safety (QPS) approach for assessment of selected microorganisms referred to EFSA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eijsink, V., & Axelsson, L. (2005). Bacterial lessons in sausages making. Nature Biotechnology, 23(12), 1494–1495.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eitenmiller, R. R., Koehler, P. E., & Reagan, J. O. (1978). Tyramine in fermented sausages: factors affecting formation of tyramine and tyrosine decarboxylase. Journal of Food Science, 43,689–693.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Erkkilä, S., Suihko, M. L., Eerola, S., Petaja, E., & Mattila-Sandholm, T. (2001). Dry sausage fermented by Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 64, 205–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fadda, S., Oliver, G., & Vignolo, G. (2002). Protein degradation by Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus casei in a sausage model system. Journal of Food Science, 67, 1179–1183.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fadda, S., Vignolo, G., Aristoy, M. C., Oliver, G., & Toldrá, F. (2001a). Effect of curing conditions and Lactobacillus casei CRL705 on the hydrolysis of meat proteins. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 91(3), 478–487.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fadda, S., Vignolo, G., & Oliver, G. (2001b). Tyramine degradation and tyramine/histamine production by lactic acid bacteria and Kocuria strains. Biotechnology Letters, 23, 2015–2019.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fadda, S., Sanz, Y., Vignolo, G., Aristoy, M. C., Oliver, G., & Toldrà, F. (1999a). Hydrolysis of pork muscle sarcoplasmic proteins by Lactobacillus curvatus and Lactobacillus sakei. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 65, 578–584.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fadda, S., Sanz, Y., Vignolo, G., Aristoy, M. C., Oliver, G., & Toldra, F. (1999b). Characterization of pork muscle protein hydrolysis caused by Lactobacillus plantarum. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 65, 3540–3546.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • FAO. (2006). Probiotics in Food. Health and nutritional properties and guidelines for evaluation. FAO food and nutrition paper. 85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fedtke, I., Kamps, A., Krismer, B., & Gotz, F. (2002). The nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase operons and the narT gene of Staphylococcus carnosus are positively controlled by the novel two-component system NreBC. Journal of Bacteriology, 184(23), 6624–6634.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fontana, C., Cocconcelli, P. S., & Vignolo, G. (2005). Monitoring the bacterial population dynamics during fermentation of artisanal Argentinean sausages. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 103, 131–142.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gardini, F., Tofalo, R., & Suzzi, G. (2003). A survey of antibiotic resistance in Micrococcaceae isolated from Italian dry fermented sausages. Journal of Food Protection, 66, 937–945.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gardini, F., Matruscelli, M., Crudele, M. A., Paparella, A., & Suzzi, G. (2002). Use of Staphylococcus xylosus as a starter culture in dried sausages: effect on biogenic amine content. Meat Science, 61, 275– 283.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garrity, G. M., Bell, J. A. & Lilburn, T. G. (2004). Taxonomic Outline of the Prokaryotes. In Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn. Release 5.0, May 2004. Springer-Verlag, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gevers, D., Masco, L., Baert, L., Huys, G., Debevere, J., & Swings, J. (2003). Prevalence and diversity of tetracycline resistant lactic acid bacteria and their tet genes along the process line of fermented dry sausages. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 26(2), 277–283.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghebremedhin, B., Layer, F., König, W. & König, B. (2008). Genetic classification and distinguishing of Staphylococcus species based on different partial gene sequences: gap, 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoB, sodA, and tuf gene. Journal of Clinical Microbiology (In press).

    Google Scholar 

  • González-Fernández, C., Santos, E., Jaime, I., & Rovira, J. (2003). Influence of starter cultures and sugar concentrations on biogenic amine contents in chorizo dry sausage. Food Microbiology, 20, 275–284.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halàsz, A., BaraÂth, A., Simon-Sarkadi, L. & Holzapfel, W. (1994). Biogenic amines and their production by micro-organisms in food. Trends in Food Science and Technology 5, 42±48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hammes, W. P., Bantleon, A., & Min, S. (1990). Lactic acid bacteria in meat fermentation. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 87, 165–173.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hernández-Jover, T., Izquierdo-Pulido, M., Veciana-Noguéz, M., Mariné-Font, A., & Vidal-Carou, M. (1997a). Biogenic amine and polyamine contents in meat and meat products. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, 45, 2098–2102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hernández-Jover, T., Izquierdo-Pulido, M., Veciana-Noguéz, M., Mariné-Font, A., & Vidal-Carou, M. (1997b). Effect of starters cultures on biogenic amine formation during sausages production. Journal of Food Protection, 60, 825–830.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hertel, C., Schmidt, G., Fischer, M., Oellers, K., & Hammes, W. P. (1998). Oxygen-dependent regulation of the expression of the catalase gene katA of Lactobacillus sakei LTH677 Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 64(4), 1359–1365.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holley, R. A., & Blaszyk, M. (1997). Antibiotic challenge of meat starter cultures and effects upon fermentations. Food Research International, 30, 513–522.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Igarashi, T., Kono, Y., & Tanaka, K. (1996). Molecular cloning of manganese catalase from Lactobacillus plantarum. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 271, 29521–29524.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Incze, K. (1998). Dry fermented sausages. Meat Science 49 (Suppl 1) S169-S177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kailasapathy, K., & Rybka, S. (1997). L. acidophilus and Bifidobacterium spp.—their therapeutic potential and survival in yogurt. The Australian Journal of Dairy Technology, 52, 28–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kearney, L., Upton, M., & McLoughlin, A. (1990). Meat fermentations with immobilized lactic acid bacteria. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 33, 648–651.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kenneally, M., Fransen, G., Grau, H., O’Neill, E., & Arendt, K. (1999). Effects of environmental conditions on microbial proteolysis in a pork myofibril model system. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 87, 794–803.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kleerebezem, M., Boekhorst, J., van Kranenburg, R., Molenaar, D., Kuipers, O. P., Leer, R., et al. (2003). Complete genome sequence of Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U S A. 100, 1990–1995.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klingberg, D., Axelsson, L., Naterstad, K., Elsser, D., & Budde, B. (2005). Identification of potential probiotic starter cultures for Scandinavian-type fermented sausages. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 105, 419–431.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Komprda, T., Smêlá, D., Pechova’, P., Kalhotka, L., Stencl, J., & Klejdus, B. (2004). Effect of starter culture, spice mix and storage time and temperature on biogenic amine content of dry fermented sausages. Meat Science 67, 607– 616.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuipers, P., Buist, G., & Kok, J. (2000). Current strategies for improving food bacteria. Research in Microbiology, 151, 815–822.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kwok, A. Y., & Chow, A. W. (2003). Phylogenetic study of Staphylococcus and Macrococcus species based on partial hsp60 gene sequences. International Journal of Systematic Evolutionary Microbiology, 53, 87–92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Larrouture, C., Ardaillon, V., Pepin, M., & Montel, C. (2000). Ability of meat starter cultures to catabolize leucine and evaluation of the degradation products by using an HPLC method. Food Microbiology, 17, 563–570.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leroy, F., Verluyten, J., & De Vuyst, L. (2006). Functional meat starter cultures for improved sausage fermentation. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 106, 270–285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, C. F., Fung, Z. F., Wu, C. L., & Chung, T. C. (1996). Molecular characterization of a plasmid-borne (pTC82) chloramphenicol resistance determinant (cat-TC) from Lactobacillus reuteri G4. Plasmid, 36, 116–124.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lücke, K. (2000). Utilization of microbes to process and preserve meat. Meat Science, 56,105–115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lücke, K. (1985). Fermented sausages. In B. J. Wood (Ed.), Microbiology of fermented foods (pp. 41–83). London: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martuscelli, M., Crudele, A., Gardini, F., & Suzzi, G. (2000). Biogenic amine formation and oxidation by Staphylococcus xylosus from artisanal fermented sausages. Letters and Applied Microbiology, 31, 228–232.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mauriello, G., Casaburi, A., Blaiotta, G., & Villani, F. (2004). Isolation and technological properties of coagulase negative staphylococci from fermented sausages of Southern Italy. Meat Science, 67, 49–158.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Molly, K., Demeyer, D., Johansson, G., Raemaekers, M., Ghistelinck, M., & Geenen, I. (1997). The importance of meat enzymes in ripening and flavour generation in dry fermented sausages. First results of a European project Food Chemistry, 59(4), 539–545.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muthukumarasamy, P., & Holley, R. (2006). Microbiological and sensory quality of dry fermented sausages containing alginate-microencapsulated Lactobacillus reuteri. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 111, 164–169

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Niinivaara, F. (1955). Über den Einfluss von Bacterienreinkulturen auf die Reifung und Umrötung der Rohwurst. In Acta Agralia Fennica, 84, 1–128.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Noonpakdeea, W., Pucharoen, K., Valyasevi, R., & Panyim, S. (1996). Molecular cloning, DNA sequencing and expression of catalase gene of Lactobacillus sake SR911. Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 4, 229–235.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olesen, P., Strunge Meyer, A., & Stahnke, L. (2004). Generation of flavour compounds in fermented sausages—the influence of curing ingredients, Staphylococcus starter culture and ripening time. Meat Science, 66, 675–687.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Papamanoli, E., Tzanetakis, N., Litopoulou-Tzanetaki, E., & Kotzekidou, P. (2003). Characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from a Greek dry fermented sausage in respect of their technological and probiotic properties. Meat Science, 65, 859–867.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parente, E., Martuscelli, M., Gardini, F., Grieco, S., Crudele, M. A., & Suzzi, G. (2001). Evolution of microbial populations and biogenic amine production in dry sausages produced in Southern Italy. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 90 (6), 882–891.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pennacchia, C., Ercolini, D., Blaiotta, G., Pepe, O., Mauriello, G., & Villani, F. (2004). Selection of Lactobacillus strains from fermented sausages for their potential use as probiotics. Meat Science, 67, 309–317.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pereira, C. I., Barreto Crespo, M. T., & San Romão, M. V. (2001). Evidence for proteolytic activity and biogenic amines production in Lactobacillus curvatus and L. homohiochii. International Journal of Food Microbiology 68(3), 211–216.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Place, R., Hiestand, D., Gallmann, H. R., & Teuber, M. (2003). Staphylococcus equorum subsp. linens, subsp. nov., a starter culture component for surface ripened semi-hard cheese. Systematic Applied Microbiology, 26, 30–37.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Planchon, S., Chambon, C., Desvaux, M., Chafsey, I., Leroy, S., Talon, R., et al. (2007). Proteomic analysis of cell envelope proteins from Staphylococcus xylosus C2a. Journal of Proteomics Research, Submitted.

    Google Scholar 

  • Planchon, S. (2006). Aptitude de Staphylococcus carnosus et Staphylococcus xylosus à former des biofilms- Etude d’une souche biofilm positif par une approuche protèomique. These de Docteur de l’Universitè Blaise Pascal, Clemont Ferrand II.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenstein, R., Nerz, C., Resch, A., & Götz, F. (2005). Comparative genome analysis of staphylococcal species. 2nd European Conference on prokaryotic genomes. Prokagen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanz, Y., & Toldrá, F. (2002). Purification and characterization of an arginine aminopeptidase from Lactobacillus sakei. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 68(4), 1980–1987.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sanz, Y., Fadda, S., Vignolo, G., Aristoy, C., Oliver, G., & Toldrá, F. (1999). Hydrolysis of muscle myofibrillar proteins by Lactobacillus curvatus and Lactobacillus sakei. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 53, 115–125.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shah, N. P. (2000). Probiotic bacteria: Selective enumeration and survival in dairy foods. Journal of Dairy Science, 83(4), 894–907.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shah, N. P., & Ravula, R. (2000). Microencapsulation of probiotic bacteria and their survival in frozen fermented dairy desserts. Australian Journal of Dairy Technology, 55(3), 139–144.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shalaby, A. (1996). Significance of biogenic amines to food safety and human health. Food Research International, 29(7), 675–690.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spergser, J., Wieser, M., Taubel, M., Rossello-Mora, R. A., Rosengarten, R., & Busse, H. J. (2003). Staphylococcus nepalensis sp. nov., isolated from goats of the Himalayan region. International Journal of Systematic Evolutionary Microbiology, 53, 2007–2011.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stahnke, H., Holck, A., Jensen, A., Nilsen, A., & Zanardi,. E. (2002). Maturity acceleration of Italian dried sausage by Staphylococcus carnosus—relationship between maturity and flavor compounds. Journal of Food Science, 67, 1914–1921.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suzzi, G., & Gardini, F. (2003). Biogenic amines in dry fermented sausages: a review. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 88, 41–54.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Talón, D., Deliere, E., & Bertrand, X. (2002). Characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains susceptible to tobramycin. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 20(3), 174–179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Talón, R., Walter, D., Chartier, S., Barriere, C., & Montel, M. (1999). Effect of nitrate and incubation conditions on the production of catalase and nitrate reductase by staphylococci. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 52, 47–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tannock, G. W., Luchansky, J. B., Miller, L., Connell, H., Thode-Andersen, S., & Mercer, A. (1994). Molecular characterization of a plasmid-borne (pGT633) erythromycin resistance determinant (ermGT) from Lactobacillus reuteri 100–63. Plasmid, 31, 60–71.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Teuber, M., & Perreten, V. (2000). Role of milk and meat products as vehicles for antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, (Suppl. 93), discussion 111–7, 75–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Työppönen, S., Petäjä, E., & Mattila-Sandholm, T. (2003). Bioprotectives and probiotics for dry sausages. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 83, 233–244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vandekerckove, P. (1977). Amines in dry fermented sausage: a research note. Journal of Food Science, 42, 283–285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vergnais, L., Masson, F., Montel, M. C., Berdague’, J. L., & Talon, R. (1998). Evaluation of solid-phase microextraction for analysis of volatile metabolites produced by staphylococci. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 46, 228–234.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vernozy-Rozand, C., Mazuy, C., Prevost, G., Lapeyre, C., Bes, M., Brun, Y., et al. (1996). Enterotoxin production by coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from goat’s milk and cheese. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 30(3), 271–280.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vogel, R. F., Becke-Schmid, M., Entgens, P., Gaier, W., & Hammes, W. (1992). Plasmid transfer and segregation in Lactobacillus curvatus LTH1432 in vitro and during sausage fermentations. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 15, 129–136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, E., Doskar, J., & Gotz, F. (1998). Physical and genetic map of the genome of Staphylococcus carnosus TM300. Microbiology, 144, 509–517.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wielders, C., Vriens, M., Brisse, S., de Graaf-Miltenburg, L., Troelstra, A., Fleer, A., Schmitz, F., Verhoof, J., & Fluit, A. (2001). Evidence for in vivo transfer of mecA DNA between strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Lancet, 357, 1674–1675.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Witte, W. (2000). Selective pressure by antibiotic use in livestock. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 16, S19–S24.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zúríga, M., Miralles, M., & Pérez- Martínez, G. (2002). The product of arcR, the sixth gene of the arc peron of Lactobacillus sakei, is essential for expression of the arginine deiminase pathway. Applied Environmental Microbiology, 68(12), 6051–6058.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Cocconcelli, P.S., Fontana, C. (2008). Characteristics and Applications of Microbial Starters in Meat Fermentations. In: Toldrá, F. (eds) Meat Biotechnology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79382-5_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics