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Transgenesis and the Management of Vector-Borne Disease pp 71–83Cite as

The Yin and Yang of Linkage Disequilibrium: Mapping of Genes and Nucleotides Conferring Insecticide Resistance in Insect Disease Vectors

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Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 627))

Abstract

Genetic technologies developed in the last 20 years have lead to novel and exciting methods to identify genes and specific nudeotides within genes that control phenotypes in field collected organisms. In this review we define and explain two of these methods: linkage disequilibrium (LD) mapping and quantitative trait nucleotide (QTN) mapping. The power to detect valid genotype-phenotype associations with LD or QTN mapping depends critically on the extent to which segregating sites in a genome assort independendy. LD mapping depends on markers being in disequilibrium with the genes that condition expression of the phenotype. In contrast, QTN mapping depends critically upon most proximal loci being at equilibrium. We show that both patterns actually exist in the genome of Anopheles gambiae, the most important malaria vector in sub-Saharan Africa while segregating sites appear to be largely in equilibrium throughout the genome of Aedes aegypti, the vector of Dengue and Yellow fever flaviviruses. We discuss additional approaches that will be needed to identify genes and nudeotides that control phenotypes in field collected organisms, focusing specifically on ongoing studies of genes conferring resistance to insecticides.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA

    William C. Black IV & Norma Gorrochetegui-Escalante

  2. Vector Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, UK

    Nadine P. Randle & Martin J. Donnelly

Authors
  1. William C. Black IV
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  2. Norma Gorrochetegui-Escalante
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  3. Nadine P. Randle
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  4. Martin J. Donnelly
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Correspondence to William C. Black IV .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Epidemiology and Microbial Diseases, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA

    Serap Aksoy (Professor and Head) (Professor and Head)

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Black, W.C., Gorrochetegui-Escalante, N., Randle, N.P., Donnelly, M.J. (2008). The Yin and Yang of Linkage Disequilibrium: Mapping of Genes and Nucleotides Conferring Insecticide Resistance in Insect Disease Vectors. In: Aksoy, S. (eds) Transgenesis and the Management of Vector-Borne Disease. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 627. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-78225-6_6

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