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Strategies of Life Detection pp 293–311Cite as

Protein Microarrays-Based Strategies for Life Detection in Astrobiology

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Part of the Space Sciences Series of ISSI book series (SSSI,volume 25)

Abstract

The detection of organic molecules of unambiguous biological origin is fundamental for the confirmation of present or past life. Planetary exploration requires the development of miniaturized apparatus for in situ life detection. Analytical techniques based on mass spectrometry have been traditionally used in space science. Following the Viking landers, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for organic detection has gained general acceptance and has been used successfully in the Cassini–Huygens mission to Titan. Microfluidics allows the development of miniaturized capillary electrophoresis devices for the detection of important molecules for life, like amino acids or nucleobases. Recently, a new approach is gaining acceptance in the space science community: the application of the well-known, highly specific, antibody–antigen affinity interaction for the detection and identification of organics and biochemical compounds. Antibodies can specifically bind a plethora of structurally different compounds of a broad range of molecular sizes, from amino acids level to whole cells. Antibody microarray technology allows us to look for the presence of thousands of different compounds in a single assay and in just one square centimeter. Herein, we discuss several important issues—most of which are common with other instruments dealing with life signature detection in the solar system—that must be addressed in order to use antibody microarrays for life detection and planetary exploration. These issues include (1) preservation of biomarkers, (2) the extraction techniques for biomarkers, (3) terrestrial analogues, (4) the antibody stability under space environments, (5) the selection of unequivocal biomarkers for the antibody production, or (6) the instrument design and implementation.

Keywords

  • Planetary exploration
  • Life-detection instruments
  • Antibody microarrays
  • Immunosensors

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Carretera de Ajalvir km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850, Madrid, Spain

    Víctor Parro, Luis A. Rivas & Javier Gómez-Elvira

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  1. Víctor Parro
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  2. Luis A. Rivas
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  3. Javier Gómez-Elvira
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Correspondence to Víctor Parro .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. International Space Science Institute (ISSI), Bern, Switzerland

    Oliver Botta

  2. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Jeffrey L. Bada

  3. Robotics & Planetary Exploration Laboratory, Centro de Astrobiología (INTA/CSIC), Insituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Madrid, Spain

    Javier Gomez-Elvira

  4. Department of Geology, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium

    Emmanuelle Javaux

  5. Observatoire de Bordeaux, Floriac, France

    Franck Selsis

  6. Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Roger Summons

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Parro, V., Rivas, L.A., Gómez-Elvira, J. (2008). Protein Microarrays-Based Strategies for Life Detection in Astrobiology. In: Botta, O., Bada, J.L., Gomez-Elvira, J., Javaux, E., Selsis, F., Summons, R. (eds) Strategies of Life Detection. Space Sciences Series of ISSI, vol 25. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77516-6_21

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