Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Imaging of Colorectal Carcinoma

  • Chapter
Book cover Imaging in Oncology

Part of the book series: Cancer Treatment and Research ((CTAR,volume 143))

  • 1595 Accesses

Colorectal cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related death in the United States, where the annual incidence is estimated at 150,000 cases [1, 2]. American adults have a 5 percent chance of developing a colorectal carcinoma and approximately a 2 percent chance of dying from the disease [3]. Colorectal cancer is also an important cause of cancer-related mortality in many other Western countries, although distribution of the disease varies widely throughout the world. Mortality from colorectal cancer is similar for males and females. Importantly, as is the case for many malignancies, mortality is directly related to the stage at the time of diagnosis, with five-year survival decreasing from over 80 percent for early-stage disease, to less than 10 percent for patients with distant metastases [2]. Unfortunately, less than 40 percent of colorectal carcinomas are diagnosed before the disease has spread beyond the wall of the colon or rectum. Factors that increase the risk for developing colorectal cancer include genetic predisposition, such as familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome (FAP), hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), family history of colorectal cancer in a first-degree relative (especially if younger than 60 years) and personal history of colon cancer. Individuals with a first-degree relative with colorectal cancer have a lifetime risk of 12 percent to 15 percent [4]. Risk increases with age (more than 90 percent of colorectal carcinomas occur in patients older than 50 years) and with underlying conditions such as chronic inflammatory bowel disease (especially ulcerative colitis), diabetes, smoking and alcohol consumption. It is also widely believed that diets low in fiber and high in fat content and animal protein are also associated with a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Ransohoff DF, Sandler RS. Clinical practice: screening for colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2002;346:40–44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Jemal A, Tiwari RC, Murray T, et al. Cancer statistics, 2004. CA Cancer J Clin 2004;54:8–29.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Winawer SJ, Fletcher RH, Miller L, et al. Colorectal cancer screening: clinical guidelines and rationale. Gastroenterology 1997;112:594–601.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Bresalier RS, Kim YS. Malignant neoplasms of the large intestine. In: Sleisenger MH, Fordtran JS, eds. Gastrointestinal disease. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders, 1993:1449–1494.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Winawer SJ. Natural history of colorectal cancer. Am J Med 1999;106(1A):3S–6S.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Luk GD. Epidemiology, etiology and diagnosis of colorectal neoplasia. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 1993;9:19–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Lane N, Fenolglio CM. The adenoma-carcinoma sequence in the stomach and colon. I. Observations on the adenoma as precursor to ordienary large bowel carcinoma. Gastrointest Radiol 1976;1:111–119.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Muto T, Bussey HJR, Morson BC. The evolution of cancer of the colon and rectum. Cancer 1975; 36:2251–2270.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Morson BC. Genesis of colorectal cancer. Clin Gastroenterol 1976;5:505–525.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Rickert RR, Auerbach O, Garfinkel L, et al. Adenomatous lesions of the large bowel: an autopsy survey. Cancer 1979; 43:1847–1857.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Ransohoff DF, Lang CA. Screening for colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 1991;325:37–41.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Winaver SJ, Zauber AG, Ho MN, et al. Prevention of colorectal carcinoma by colonoscopic polypectomy. N Engl J Med 1993;329:1977–1981.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Winawer SJ. Screening of colorectal cancer. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2005;14:699–722.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Rollandi GA, Biscaldi E, DeCicco E. Double contrast barium enema: technique, indications, results and limitations of a conventional imaging methodology in the MDCT virtual endoscopy era. Eur J Radiol 2007;61:382–387.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Ferrucci JT. Double contrast barium enema: use in practice and implications for CT colonography. Am J Roentgenol 2006;187:170–173.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Pickhardt PJ, Choi JR, Hwang I, et al. Computed tomographic virtual colonoscopy to screen for colorectal neoplasia in asymptomatic adults. N Engl J Med 2003;349:2191–2200.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Macari M, Bini EJ, Xue X, et al. colorectal neoplasms: prospective comparison of thin-section low-dose multi–detector row CT colonography and conventional colonoscopy for detection. Radiology 2002;224:383–392.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Yee J, Akerkar GA, Hung RK, Steinauer-Gebauer AM, Wall SD, McQuaid KR. Colorectal neoplasia: performance characteristics of CT colonography for detection in 300 patients. Radiology 2001;219:685–692.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Dachman AH, Kuniyoshi JK, Boyle CM, et al. CT colonography with three-dimensional problem solving for detection of colonic polyps. Am J Roentgenol 1998;171:989–995.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Rockey DC, Paulson E, Niedzwiecki D, Analysis of air contrast barium enema, computed tomographic colonography, and colonoscopy: prospective comparison. Lancet 2005;365:305–311.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Iannaccone R, Laghi A, Catalano C, et al. Computed tomographic colonography without cathartic preparation for the detection of colorectal polyps. Gastroenterology 2004;127:1300–1311.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Lefere P, Gryspeerdt S, Baekelandt M, Van Holsbeeck B. Laxative-free CT colonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2004;183:945–948.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Callstrom MR, Johnson CD, Fletcher JG, et al. CT colonography without cathartic preparation: feasibility study. Radiology 2001;219:693–698.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Winawer SJ, Stewart ET, Zauber AG, et al. A comparison of colonoscopy and double contrast barium enema for surveillance after polypectomy. National Polyp Study Work Group. N Engl J Med 2000;342:1766–1772.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Fletcher R. End of the barium enema? N Engl J Med 2000;342:1772–1773.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Rex DK, Rahmani EY, Haseman GT, et al. Relative sensitivity of colonoscopy and barium enema for detection of colorectal cancer in clinical practice. Gastroenterology 1997;112:24–28.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Minsky BD. Role of adjuvant therapy in adenocarcinoma of the rectum. Semin Surg Oncol 1999;17:189–198.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Swedish Rectal Cancer Trial. Improved survival with preoperative radiotherapy in resectable rectal cancer. N Engl J Med 1997;336:980–987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Kapiteijn E, Marijnen CA, Nagtegaal ID, et al. Preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for resectable rectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2001;345:638–646.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Balthazar EJ, Megibow AJ, Hulnick D, Naidich DP. Carcinoma of the colon: detection and preoperative staging by CT. Am J Roentgenol 1988;150:301–306.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Freeny PC, Marks WM, Ryan JA, Bolen JW. Colorectal carcinoma evaluation with CT: preoperative recurrence. Radiology 1986;158:347–353.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Smith NJ, Bees N, Barbachano Y, Norman AR, Swift RI, Brown G. Preoperative computed tomography staging of nonmetastatic colon cancer predicts outcome: implications for clinical trials. Br J Surg 2007;96:1030–1036.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Harrison JC, Dean PJ, el-Zeky F, Vander Zwaag R. From Dukes through Jass: pathological prognostic indicators in rectal cancer. Hum Pathol 1994;25:498–505.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Willett CG, Badizadegan K, Ancukiewicz M, Shellito PC. Prognostic factors in stage T3N0 rectal cancer: do all patients require postoperative pelvic irradiation and chemotherapy? Dis Colon Rectum 1999;42:167–173.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Shepherd NA, Baxter KJ, Love SB. Influence of local peritoneal involvement on pelvic recurrence and prognosis in rectal cancer. J Clin Pathol 1995;48:849–855.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Merkel S, Mansmann U, Siassi M, Papadopoulos T, Hohenberger W, Hermanek P. The prognostic inhomogeneity in pT3 rectal carcinomas. Int J Colorectal Dis 2001;16:298–304.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Beets-Tan RGH, Beets GL. Rectal Cancer: Review with Emphasis on MRI. Radiology; 232:335–346.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Hulsmans FJ, Tio TL, Fockens P, Bosma A, Tytgat GN. Assessment of tumor infiltration depth in rectal cancer with transrectal sonography: caution is necessary. Radiology 1994;190:715–720.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Mackay SG, Pager CK, Joseph D, Stewart PJ, Solomon MJ. Assessment of the accuracy of transrectal ultrasonography in anorectal neoplasia. Br J Surg 2003;90:346–350.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Bipat S, Glas AS, Slors FJ, Zwinderman AH, Bossuyt PM, Stoker J. Rectal cancer: local staging and assessment of lymph node involvement with endoluminal US, CT, and MRI—a meta-analysis. Radiology 2004;232:773–783.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Thoeni RF, Moss AA, Schnyder P, Margulis AR. Detection and staging of primary rectal and rectosigmoid cancer by computed tomography. Radiology 1981;141:135–138.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. van Waes PF, Koehler PR, Feldberg MA. Management of rectal carcinoma: impact of computed tomography. Am J Roentgenol 1983;140:1137–1142.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Shank B, Dershaw DD, Caravelli J, Barth J, Enker W. A prospective study of the accuracy of preoperative computed tomographic staging of patients with biopsy-proven rectal carcinoma. Dis Colon Rectum 1990;33:285–290.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Zerhouni EA, Rutter C, Hamilton SR, et al. CT and MRI in the staging of colorectal carcinoma: report of the Radiology Diagnostic Oncology Group II. Radiology 1996;200:443–451.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Sinha R, Verma R, Rajesh A, Richards CJ. Diagnostic value of multi-detector row CT in rectal cancer staging: comparison of multiplanar and axial images with histopathology. Clin Radiol 2006;61:924–931.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Taylor A, Slater A, Mapstone N, Taylor S, Halligan S. Staging rectal cancer: MRI compared to MDCT. Abdom Imaging. 2006 Sep 12; [Epub ahead of print].

    Google Scholar 

  47. Laghi A, Ferri M, Catalano C, et al. Local staging of rectal cancer with MRI using a phased array body coil. Abdom Imaging 2002;27:425–431.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Beets-Tan RG, Beets GL, Borstlap AC, et al. Preoperative assessment of local tumor extent in advanced rectal cancer: CT or high resolution MRI? Abdom Imaging 2000;25:533–541.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Blomqvist L, Rubio C, Holm T, Machado M, Hindmarsh T. Rectal adenocarcinoma: assessment of tumour involvement of the lateral resection margin by MRI of resected specimen. Br J Radiol 1999;72:18–23.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Brown G, Radcliffe AG, Newcombe RG, Dallimore NS, Bourne MW, Williams GT. Preoperative assessment of prognostic factors in rectal cancer using high resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Br J Surg 2003;90:355–364.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Chan TW, Kressel HY, Milestone B, et al. Rectal carcinoma: staging at MRI with endorectal surface coil—work in progress. Radiology 1991;181:461–467.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Schnall MD, Furth EE, Rosato EF, Kressel HY. Rectal tumor stage: correlation of endorectal MRI and pathologic findings. Radiology 1994;190:709–714.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Zagoria RJ, Schlarb CA, Ott DJ, et al. Assessment of rectal tumor infiltration utilizing endorectal MRI and comparison with endoscopic rectal sonography. J Surg Oncol 1997; 64:312–317.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Brown G, Richards CJ, Newcombe RG, et al. Rectal carcinoma: thin-section MRI for staging in 28 patients. Radiology 1999;211:215–222.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Blomqvist L, Holm T, Rubio C, Hindmarsh T. Rectal tumours: MRI with endorectal and/or phased-array coils, and histopathological staging on giant sections—a comparative study. Acta Radiol 1997;38:437–444.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Brown G, Kirkham A, Williams GT, et al. High-resolution MRI of the anatomy important in total mesorectal excision of the rectum. Am J Roentgenol 2004;182:431–439.

    Google Scholar 

  57. MERCURY Study Group. Extramural depth of tumor invasion at thin-section MR in patients with rectal cancer: results of the MERCURY study. Radiology 2007;243:132–139.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Chun HK, Choi D, Kim MJ, Lee J, Yun SH, Kim SH, Lee SJ, Kim CK. Preoperative staging of rectal cancer: comparison of 3-T high-field MRI and endorectal sonography. Am J Roentgenol. 2006 Dec;187:1557–1562.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Charnsangavej C, Whitley NO. Metastases to the pancreas and peripancreatic lymph nodes from carcinoma of the right side of the colon: CT findings in 12 patients. AJR 1993;160:49–52.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Granfield CA, Charnsangavej C, Dubrow RA, et al. Regional lymph node metastases in carcinoma of the colon and rectum: CT demonstration. AJR 1992;159:757–761.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Kerner BA, Oliver GC, Eisenstat TE, Rubin RJ, Salvati EP. Is preoperative computerized tomography useful in assessing patients with colorectal carcinoma? Dis Colon Rectum 1993; 36:1050–1053.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Abdel-Nabi H, Doerr RJ, Lamonica DM, et al. Staging of colorectal carcinoma with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose whole-body PET: correlation with histopathologic and CT findings. Radiology 1998;206:755–760.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Koh DM, Brown G, Temple L, et al. Rectal cancer: mesorectal lymph nodes at MRI with USPIO versus histopathologic findings-initial observations. Radiology 2004;231:91–99.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Scheele J, Stang R, Altendorf-Hofmann A, Paul M. Resection of colorectal liver metastases. World J Surg 1995;19:59–71.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Fusai G, Davidson BR. Strategies to increase the resectability of liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Dig Surg 2003;20:481–496.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Gazelle GS, Hunink MG, Kuntz KM, et al. Cost-effectiveness of hepatic metastasectomy in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma: a state-transition Monte Carlo decision analysis. Ann Surg 2003;237:544–555.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Ohlsson B, Tranberg KG, Lundstedt C, Ekberg H, Hederstrom E. Detection of hepatic metastases in colorectal cancer: a prospective study of laboratory and imaging methods. Eur J Surg 1993;159:275–281.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Moertel CG, Fleming TR, Macdonald JS, Haller DG, Laurie JA, Tangen C. An evaluation of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) test for monitoring patients with resected colon cancer. JAMA 1993;270:943–947.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Pijl ME, Wasser MN, Joekes EC, van de Velde CJ, Bloem JL. Metastases of colorectal carcinoma: comparison of soft- and hard-copy helical CT interpretation. Radiology. 2003;227:747–751.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Kinkel K, Lu Y, Both M, Warren RS, Thoeni RF. Detection of hepatic metastases from cancers of the gastrointestinal tract by using noninvasive imaging methods (US, CT, MRI, PET): a meta-analysis. Radiology 2002;224:748–756.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Semelka RC, Shoenut JP, Ascher SM, Kroeker MA, Greenberg HM, Yaffe CS, Micflikier AB. Solitary hepatic metastasis: comparison of dynamic contrast-enhanced CT and MRI with fat-suppressed T2-weighted, breath-hold T1-weighted FLASH, and dynamic gadolinium-enhanced FLASH sequences. J Magn Reson Imaging 1994;4:319–323.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Semelka RC, Worawattanakul S, Kelekis NL, John G, Woosley JT, Graham M, Cance WG. Liver lesion detection, characterization, and effect on patient management: comparison of single-phase spiral CT and current MR techniques. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1997;7:1040–1047.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Hohmann J, Albrecht T, Oldenburg A, Skrok J, Wolf KJ. Liver metastases in cancer: detection with contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. Abdom Imaging. 2004;29:669–681.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Larsen LP, Rosenkilde M, Christensen H, Bang N, Bolvig L, Christiansen T, Laurberg S. The value of contrast enhanced ultrasonography in detection of liver metastases from colorectal cancer: A prospective double-blinded study. Eur J Radiol 2007; 62:302–307.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Conlon R, Jacobs M, Dasgupta D, Lodge JP. The value of intraoperative ultrasound during hepatic resection compared with improved preoperative magnetic resonance imaging. Eur J Ultrasound 2003;16:211–216.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Hartley JE, Kumar H, Drew PJ, Heer K, Avery GR, Duthie GS, Monson JR. Laparoscopic ultrasound for the detection of hepatic metastases during laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery. Dis Colon Rectum 2000;43:320–324.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Soyer P, Poccard M, Boudiaf M, Abitbol M, Hamzi L, Panis Y, Valleur P, Rymer R. Detection of hypovascular hepatic metastases at triple-phase helical CT: sensitivity of phases and comparison with surgical and histopathologic findings. Radiology 2004;231:413–420.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Valls C, Andia E, Sanchez A, Guma A, Figueras J, Torras J, Serrano T. Hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer: preoperative detection and assessment of resectability with helical CT. Radiology 2001;218:55–60.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Mainenti PP, Cirillo LC, Camera L, et al. Accuracy of single phase contrast enhanced multidetector CT colonography in the preoperative staging of colo-rectal cancer. Eur J Radiol 2006;60:453–459.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Seneterre E, Taourel P, Bouvier Y, Pradel J, Van Beers B, Daures JP, Pringot J, Mathieu D, Bruel JM. Detection of hepatic metastases: ferumoxides-enhanced MRI versus unenhanced MRI and CT during arterial portography. Radiology 1996;200:785–792.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Kanematsu M, Hoshi H, Itoh K, Murakami T, Hori M, Kondo H, Yokoyama R, Nakamura H. Focal hepatic lesion detection: comparison of four fat-suppressed T2-weighted MRI pulse sequences. Radiology 1999;211:363–371.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Vogl TJ, Schwarz W, Blume S et al. Preoperative evaluation of malignant liver tumors: comparison of unenhanced and SPIO (Resovist)-enhanced MRI with biphasic CTAP and intraoperative US. Eur Radiol 2003 Feb;13:262–272.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Ward J, Naik KS, Guthrie JA, Wilson D, Robinson PJ. Hepatic lesion detection: comparison of MRI after the administration of superparamagnetic iron oxide with dual-phase CT by using alternative-free response receiver operating characteristic analysis. Radiology 1999;210:459–466.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Said B, McCart JA, Libutti SK, Choyke PL. Ferumoxide-enhanced MRI in patients with colorectal cancer and rising CEA: surgical correlation in early recurrence. Magn Reson Imaging 2000;18:305–309.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Matsuo M, Kanematsu M, Itoh K, et al. Detection of malignant hepatic tumors: comparison of gadolinium-and ferumoxide-enhanced MRI. Am J Roentgenol 2001;177:637–643.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Gollub MJ, Akhurst T, Markowitz AJ, et al. Combined CT colonography and 18F-FDG PET of colon polyps: potential technique for selective detection of cancer and precancerous lesions. AJR 2007;188:130–138.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Kantorova I, Lipska L, Belohlavek O. Routine (18) F-FDG PET preoperative staging of colorectal cancer: comparison with conventional staging and its impact on treatment decision making. J Nucl Med 2003;44:1784–1788.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Abdel-Nabi H, Doerr RJ, Lamonica DM, Cronin VR, Galantowicz PJ, Carbone GM, Spaulding MB. Staging of primary colorectal carcinomas with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose whole-body PET: correlation with histopathologic and CT findings. Radiology 1998;206:755–760.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Sahani DV, Kalva SP, Fischman AJ, Kadaviqere R, Blake M, Hahn PF, Saini S. Detection of liver metastases from adenocarcinoma of the colon and pancreas: comparison of mangafodipir trisodium-enhanced liver MRI and whole-body FDG PET. Am J Roengenol 2005;185: 239–246.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Benoit S, Brouquet A, Penna C, et al. Complete response of colorectal liver metastases after chemotherapy: does it mean cure? J Clin Oncol 2006;24:3939–3945.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Boston Medical Center, 02118, Boston, MA, USA

    Jorge A. Soto M.D.

Authors
  1. Jorge A. Soto M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Massachusetts General Hospital, 02114, Boston, MA, USA

    Michael A. Blake MRCPI  & Mannudeep K. Kalra M.D.  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Soto, J.A. (2008). Imaging of Colorectal Carcinoma. In: Blake, M.A., Kalra, M.K. (eds) Imaging in Oncology. Cancer Treatment and Research, vol 143. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-75587-8_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-75587-8_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-387-75586-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-387-75587-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation