Abstract
Ceramic materials in general have a very attractive package of properties: high strength and high stiffness at very high temperatures, chemical inertness, low density, and so on. This attractive package is marred by one deadly flaw, namely, an utter lack of toughness. They are prone to catastrophic failures in the presence of flaws (surface or internal). They are extremely susceptible to thermal shock and are easily damaged during fabrication and/or service. It is therefore understandable that an overriding consideration in ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) is to toughen the ceramics by incorporating fibers in them and thus exploit the attractive high-temperature strength and environmental resistance of ceramic materials without risking a catastrophic failure. It is worth pointing out at the very outset that there are certain basic differences between CMCs and other composites. The general philosophy in nonceramic matrix composites is to have the fiber bear a greater proportion of the applied load. This load partitioning depends on the ratio of fiber and matrix elastic moduli, E f/E m. In nonceramic matrix composites, this ratio can be very high, while in CMCs, it is rather low and can be as low as unity; think of alumina fiber reinforced alumina matrix composite. Another distinctive point regarding CMCs is that because of limited matrix ductility and generally high fabrication temperature, thermal mismatch between components has a very important bearing on CMC performance. The problem of chemical compatibility between components in CMCs has ramifications similar to those in, say, MMCs. We first describe some of the processing techniques for CMCs, followed by a description of some salient characteristics of CMCs regarding interface and mechanical properties and, in particular, the various possible toughness mechanisms, and finally a description of some applications of CMCs.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Aveston J, Cooper GA, Kelly A (1971) In: The properties of fibre composites. IPC Science & Technology, Guildford, p 15
Barclay SJ, Fox JR, Bowen HK (1987) J Mater Sci 22:4403
Becher PF, Wei GC (1984) Commun Am Ceram Soc 67:259
Beier W, Markmann S (1997) Adv Mater Processes 152:37
Bhatt RT (1986) NASA TN-88814
Bhatt RT (1990) J Mater Sci 25:3401
Boccaccini AR, Pearce DH, Janczak J, Beier W, Ponton CB (1997a) Mater Sci Technol 13:852
Boccaccini AR, Ponton CB, Chawla KK (1997b) Mater Sci Eng A241:142
Bordia RK, Raj R (1988) J Am Ceram Soc 71:302
Brennan JJ, Prewo KM (1982) J Mater Sci 17:2371
Burkland CV, Bustamante WE, Klacka R, Yang J-M (1988) In: Whisker- and fiber-toughened ceramics. ASM Intl, Materials Park, OH, p 225
Carter WC, Butler EP, Fuller ER Jr (1991) Scripta Metall Mater 25:579–584
Chawla KK (2003) Ceramic matrix composites, 2nd edn. Kluwer Acad. Pub, Boston, MA
Chawla KK, Ferber MK, Xu ZR, Venkatesh R (1993a) Mater Sci Eng A162:35–44
Chawla KK, Xu ZR, Hlinak A, Chung Y-W (1993b) In: Advances in ceramic-matrix composites. Am. Ceram. Soc, Westerville, OH, pp 725–736
Chawla N, Liaw PK, Lara-Curzio E, Lowden RA, Ferber MK (1994) In: High performance composites: commonalty of phenomena. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, Warrendale, PA, p 291
Chawla KK, Coffin C, Xu ZR (2000) Intl Mater Rev 45:165
Chokshi AH, Porter JR (1985) J Am Ceram Soc 68:c144
Claussen N, Le T, Wu S (1989) J Eur Ceram Soc 5:29
Claussen N, Wu S, Holtz D (1994) J Eur Ceram Soc 14:209
Cook J, Gordon JE (1964) Proc R Soc Lond A228:508
Cornie JA, Chiang Y-M, Uhlmann DR, Mortensen A, Collins JM (1986) Am Ceram Soc Bull 65:293
Davidge RW (1979) Mechanical behavior of ceramics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p 116
De Jonghe LC, Rahaman MN, Hseuh CH (1986) Acta Metall 39:1467
DiCarlo JA (1985) J Met 37:44
Evans AG (1985) Mater Sci Eng 71:3
Evans AG, Marshall DB (1989) Acta Metall 37:2567
Fitzer E, Gadow R (1986) Am Ceram Soc Bull 65:326
Fitzer E, Hegen D (1979) Angew Chem 91:316
Fitzer E, Schlichting J (1980) Z Werkstofftech 11:330
French JE (1996) In: Handbook of continuous fiber ceramic composites. Amer. Ceramic Soc, Westerville, OH, p 269
Greil P (1995) J Am Ceram Soc 78:835
Gupta V (1991) MRS Bull XVI-4:39
Gupta V, Yuan J, Martinez D (1993) J Am Ceram Soc 76:305
Gladysz GM, Chawla KK (2001) Composities A 32:173
Gladysz GM, Schmücker M, Chawla KK, Schneider H, Joslin DL, Ferber MK (1999) Journal of Mater Sci 34:4351
He MY, Hutchinson JW (1989) J Appl Mech 56:270
Herron M, Risbud SH (1986) Am Ceram Soc Bull 65:342
Hillig WB (1988) J Am Ceram Soc 71:C-96
Homeny J, Vaughn WL, Ferber MK (1987) Am Ceram Soc Bull 67:333
Hurwitz FI (1992) NASA Tech Memo, 105754
Hurwitz FI, Gyekenyesi JZ, Conroy PJ (1989) Ceram Eng Sci Proc 10:750
Hutchinson JW, Jensen HM (1990) Mech Mater 9:139–163
Illston TJ, Ponton CB, Marquis PM, Butler EG (1993) Manufacture of doped glasses using electrophoretic deposition. In: Duran P, Fernandez JF (eds) Third euroceramics, vol 1. Faenza Editirice Iberica, Madrid, p 419
Jero PD (1990) Am Ceram Soc Bull 69:484
Jero PD, Kerans RJ (1990) Scripta Metall 24:2315–2318
Jero PD, Kerans RJ, Parthasarathy TA (1991) J Am Ceram Soc 74:2793–2801
Kaya C, Boccaccini AR, Chawla KK (2000) J Am Ceram Soc 83:1885
Kaya C, Kaya F, Butler EG, Boccaccini AR, Chawla KK (2009) J Eur Ceram Soc 29:1631
Kellett B, Lange FF (1989) J Am Ceram Soc 67:369
Kerans RJ, Parthasarathy TA (1991) J Am Ceram Soc 74:1585–1596
Kristofferson A, Warren A, Brandt J, Lundberg R (1993) In: Naslain R et al (eds) Proc. Int. Conf. HTCMC-1. Woodhead Pub., Cambridge, p 151
Kriven WM (1995) J Phys (France) 5:C8–C101
Kriven WM, Lee SJ (1998) Ceram Eng Sci Proc 19:305
Liu HY, Claussen N, Hoffmann MJ, Petzow G (1991) J Eur Ceram Soc 7:41
Mackin TJ, Warren PD, Evans AG (1992) Acta Metall Mater 40:1251–1257
Mumm DR, Faber KT (1992) Ceram Eng Sci Proc 7–8:70–77
Nourbakhsh S, Liang FL, Margolin H (1990) Metall Trans A 21A:213
Nourbakhsh S, Margolin H (1990) Metall Trans A 20A:2159
Phillips DC (1983a) Fabrication of composites. North-Holland, Amsterdam, p 373
Phillips DC, Sambell RAJ, Bowen DH (1972) J Mater Sci 7:1454
Prewo KM (1982) J Mater Sci 17:3549
Prewo KM (1986) Tailoring multiphase and composite ceramics, vol 20, Materials science research. Plenum, New York, p 529
Prewo KM, Brennan JJ (1980) J Mater Sci 15:463
Prewo KM, Brennan JJ, Layden GK (1986) Am Ceram Soc Bull 65:305
Rahaman MN, De Jonghe LC (1987) J Am Ceram Soc 70:C-348
Raj R, Bordia RK (1989) Acta Metall 32:1003
Ruhle M, Evans AG (1988) Mater Sci Eng A107:187
Sacks MD, Lee HW, Rojas OE (1987) J Am Ceram Soc 70:C-348
Sambell RAJ, Bowen DH, Phillips DC (1972) J Mater Sci 7:773
Sambell RAJ, Phillips DC, Bowen DH (1974) Carbon fibres: their place in modern technology. The Plastics Institute, London, p 16/9
Schioler LJ, Stiglich JJ (1986) Am Ceram Soc Bull 65:289
Schneider H, Komarneni S (2005) Mullite. Wiley-VCH, New York, 509 pp
Shalek PD, Petrovic JJ, Hurley GF, Gac FD (1986) Am Ceram Soc Bull 65:351
Sorensen BF (1993) Scripta Metall Mater 28:435–439
Stinton DP, Caputo AJ, Lowden RA (1986) Am Ceram Soc Bull 65:347
Tiegs TN, Becher PF (1986) Tailoring multiphase and composite ceramics. Plenum, New York, p 639
Urquhart AW (1991) Mater Sci Eng A144:75
Venkatesh R, Chawla KK (1992) J Mater Sci Lett 11:650–652
Wei GC, Becher PF (1984) Am Ceram Soc Bull 64:298
Wu S, Claussen N (1994) J Am Ceram Soc 77:2898
Yang M, Stevens R (1990) J Mater Sci 25:4658
Zhu D, Kriven WM (1996) Ceram Eng Sci Proc 17:383
Further Reading
Chawla KK (1998) Ceramic matrix composites, 2nd edn. Kluwer, Boston
Colombo P, Riedel R, Sorarù GD, Kleebe H-J (eds) (2009) Polymer derived ceramics. Destech, Lancaster, PA
Faber KT (1997) Annu Rev Mater Res 27:499
Krenkel W (ed) (2008) Ceramic matrix composite. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
Phillips DC (1983b) Fiber reinforced ceramics. In: Kelly A, Mileiko ST (eds) Fabrication of ceramics, vol 4 of Handbook of composites. North-Holland, Amsterdam, p 373
Warren R (ed) (1991) Ceramic matrix composites. Blackie & Sons, Glasgow
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Problems
Problems
-
7.1.
What are the sources of fiber degradation during processing of ceramic matrix composites?
-
7.2.
Describe the advantages of using sol–gel and polymer pyrolysis techniques to process the ceramic matrix in CMCs.
-
7.3.
Explain how a carbon fiber reinforced glass–ceramic composite can be obtained with an almost zero in-plane coefficient of thermal expansion.
-
7.4.
Chemically, what is an alkoxide? Describe some of the alkoxides that can be used to obtain different ceramic matrixes in CMC.
-
7.5.
Distinguish between interphase and interface.
-
7.6.
Why is thermal shock resistance more of a problem in CMCs than in MMCs?
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Chawla, K.K. (2012). Ceramic Matrix Composites. In: Composite Materials. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-74365-3_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-74365-3_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-74364-6
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-74365-3
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)