Abstract
Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques are of central importance to nanoscience and nanotechnology. They allow characterization of the local structure and properties of surfaces and interfaces as well as surface modification on the micro- to subnanometer scale, opening up the possibility to perform physical, chemical, and biological experiments on individual nanoscale objects. Contrary to many surface science and electron microscopy methods, SPM techniques are not restricted to vacuum conditions, but can be performed in gaseous and liquid environment, including electrolyte solutions. They have therefore become a major, indispensable tool for the in situ study of electrochemical interfaces and interface processes and play an important role in the development of electrochemical surface- and nanoscience.
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Magnussen, O. (2009). SPM Techniques. In: Schmuki, P., Virtanen, S. (eds) Electrochemistry at the Nanoscale. Nanostructure Science and Technology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73582-5_2
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