Skip to main content

Protection and Repair of Inner Ear Sensory Cells

  • Chapter
Hair Cell Regeneration, Repair, and Protection

Part of the book series: Springer Handbook of Auditory Research ((SHAR,volume 33))

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adamson CL, Reid MA, David RL (2002) Opposite actions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3 on firing features and ion channel composition of murine spiral ganglion neurons. J Neurosci 22:1385–1396.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Altschuler RA, Fairfield D, Cho Y, Leonova E, Benjamin IJ, Miller JM, Lomax MI (2002) Stress pathways in the rat cochlea and potential for protection from acquired deafness. Audiol Neurootol 7:152–156.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baird RA, Burton MD, Fashena DS, Naeger RA (2000) Hair cell recovery in mitotically blocked cultures of the bullfrog saccule. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:11722–11729.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Balkany TJ, Eshraghi AA, He J, Polak M, Mou CH, Dietrich D, Van De Water TR (2005) Mild hypothermia protects auditory function during cochlear implant surgery. Laryngoscope 115:1543–1547.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Berg A, Watson GM (2002) Rapid recovery of sensory function in blind cave fish treated with anemone repair proteins. Hear Res 174:296–304.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bergamini E (2006) Autophagy: a cell repair mechanism that retards ageing and age-associated diseases and can be intensified pharmacologically. Mol Asp Med 27: 403–410.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bermingham NA, Hassan BA, Wang VY, Fernandez M, Banfi S, Bellen HJ, Fritzsch B Zoghbi HY (2001) Proprioceptor pathway development is dependent on Math1. Neuron 30, 411–422.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bernard SA, Gray TW, Buist MD, Jones BM, Silvester W, Gutteridge G, Smith K (2002) Treatment of comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with induced hypothermia. N Engl J Med 346:557–563.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bitner-Glindzicz M (2002) Hereditary deafness and phenotyping in humans. Br Med Bull 63:73–94.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boettger T, Hubner CA, Maier H, Rust MB, Beck FX, Jentsch TJ (2002) Deafness and renal tubular acidosis in mice lacking the K-Cl co-transporter Kcc4. Nature 416:874–878.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boland B, Nixon RA (2006) Neuronal macroautophagy: from development to degeneration. Mol Asp Med 27: 503–519.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bonny C, Borsello T, Zine A (2005) Targeting the JNK pathway as a therapeutic protective strategy for nervous system diseases. Rev Neurosci 16:57–67.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bowers WJ, Chen X, Guo H, Frisina DR, Federoff HJ, Frisina RD (2002) Neurotrophin-3 transduction attenuates cisplatin spiral ganglion neuron ototoxicity in the cochlea. Mol Ther 6:12–18.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell KC, Rybak LP, Meech RP, Hughes L (1996) d-methionine provides excellent protection from cisplatin ototoxicity in the rat. Hear Res 102:90–98.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Canlon B (1996) The effects of sound conditioning on the cochlea. In Salvi R, Henderson D (eds) Auditory System Plasticity and Regeneration. New York: Thieme, pp 118–127.

    Google Scholar 

  • Canlon B (1997) Protection against noise trauma by sound conditioning. Ear Nose Throat J 76:248–250, 253–255.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Canlon B, Borg E, Flock A (1988) Protection against noise trauma by pre-exposure to a low level acoustic stimulus. Hear Res 34:197–200.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Canlon B, Meltser I, Johansson P, Tahera Y (2007) Glucocorticoid receptors modulate auditory sensitivity to acoustic trauma. Hear Res 226:61–69.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cardinaal RM, de Groot JC, Huizing EH, Veldman JE, Smoorenburg GF (2000) Dose-dependent effect of 8–day cisplatin administration upon the morphology of the albino guinea pig cochlea. Hear Res 144:135–146.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carlsson PI, Van Laer L, Borg E, Bondeson ML, Thys M, Fransen E, Van Camp G (2005) The influence of genetic variation in oxidative stress genes on human noise susceptibility. Hear Res 202:87–96.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Casano RA, Johnson DF, Bykhovskaya Y, Torricelli F, Bigozzi M, Fischel-Ghodsian N (1999) Inherited susceptibility to aminoglycoside ototoxicity: genetic heterogeneity and clinical implications. Am J Otolaryngol 20:151–156.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng AG, Cunningham LL, Rubel EW (2003) Hair cell death in the avian basilar papilla: characterization of the in vitro model and caspase activation. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 4:91–105.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng AG, Cunningham LL, Rubel EW (2005) Mechanisms of hair cell death and protection. Curr Opin Otolaryngol HNS 13:343–348.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen-Salmon M, Ott T, Michel V, Hardelin JP, Perfettini I, Eybalin M, Wu T, Marcus DC, Wangemann P, Willecke K, Petit C (2002) Targeted ablation of connexin26 in the inner ear epithelial gap junction network causes hearing impairment and cell death. Curr Biol 12:1106–1111.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coling DE, Yu KC, Somand D, Satar B, Bai U, Huang TT, Seidman MD, Epstein CJ, Mhatre AN, Lalwani AK (2003) Effect of SOD1 overexpression on age- and noise-related hearing loss. Free Radic Biol Med 34:873–880.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cotanche DA, Dopyera CE (1990) Hair cell and supporting cell response to acoustic trauma in the chick cochlea. Hear Res 46:29–40.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cotanche DA, Saunders JC, Tilney LG (1987) Hair cell damage produced by acoustic trauma in the chick cochlea. Hear Res 25:267–286.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cunningham LL, Cheng AG, Rubel EW (2002) Caspase activation in hair cells of the mouse utricle exposed to neomycin. J Neurosci 22:8532–8540.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • D’Amico-Martel A, Noden DM (1983) Contributions of placodal and neural crests cells to avian cranial peripheral ganglia. Am J Anat 166:445–468.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dagli S, Canlon B (1995) Protection against noise trauma by sound conditioning in the guinea pig appears not to be mediated by the middle ear muscles. Neurosci Lett 194:57–60.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Danial NN, Korsmeyer SJ (2004) Cell death: critical control points. Cell 116:205–219.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davis RL (2003) Gradients of neurotrophins, ion channels, and tuning in the cochlea. Neuroscientist 9:311–316.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davis RR, Newlander JK, Ling X, Cortopassi GA, Krieg EF, Erway LC (2001) Genetic basis for susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss in mice. Hear Res 155:82–90.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Debnath J, Baehrecke EH, Kroemer G (2005) Does Autophagy contribute to cell death? Autophagy 1: 66–74.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Ceulaer G, Johnson S, Yperman M, Daemers K, Offeciers FE, O’Donoghue GM, Govaerts PJ (2003) Long-term evaluation of the effect of intracochlear steroid deposition on electrode impedance in cochlear implant patients. Otol Neurotol 24:769–774.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ding DL, Wang J, Salvi R, Henderson D, Hu BH, McFadden SL, Mueller M (1999) Selective loss of inner hair cells and type-I ganglion neurons in carboplatin-treated chinchillas. In Mechanisms of damage and protection. Ann NY Acad Sci 884:152–170.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Do K, Baker K, Praetorius M, Staecker H (2004) A mouse model of implantation trauma. Int Cong Ser 1273:167–170.

    Google Scholar 

  • Drescher DG (1974) Noise-induced reduction of inner-ear microphonic response: dependence on body temperature. Science 185:273-274.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Drescher DG (1976) Effect of temperature on cochlear responses during and after exposure to noise. J Acoust Soc Amer 59:401-407.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ekert PG, Silke J, Vaux DL (1999) Caspase inhibitors. Cell Death Differ 6:1081–1086.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Erkman L, McEvilly RJ, Luo L, Ryan AK, Hooshmand F, O’Connell SM, Keithley EM, Rapaport DH, Ryan AF, Rosenfeld MG (1996) Role of transcription factors Brn-3.1 and Brn-3.2 in auditory and visual system development. Nature 381:603–606.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ernfors P, Van De Water T, Loring J, Jaenisch R (1995) Complementary roles of BDNF and NT-3 in vestibular and auditory development. Neuron 14:1153–1164.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ernfors P, Duan ML, El Shamy WM, Canlon B (1996) Protection of auditory neurons from aminoglycoside toxicity by neurotrophin-3. Nat Med 2:463–467.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eshraghi AA (2006) Prevention of cochlear implant electrode damage. Curr Opin Otolaryngol HNS 14:323–328.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eshraghi AA, Van De Water TR (2006) Cochlear implantation trauma and noise-induced hearing loss: apoptosis and therapeutic strategies. Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol 288:473–481.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eshraghi AA, Bublik M, Van De Water TR (2006a) Mechanisms of chemotherapeutic-induced hearing loss and otoprotection. Drug Discov Today Dis Mech 3:125–130.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eshraghi AA, He J, Mou CH, Polak M, Zine A, Bonny C, Balkany TJ, Van De Water TR (2006b) d-JNKI-1 treatment prevents the progression of hearing loss in a model of cochlear implantation trauma. Otol Neurotol 27:504–511.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eshraghi AA, Adil E, He J, Graves R, Balkany TJ, Van De Water TR (2007a) Local dexamethasone therapy conserves hearing in an animal model of electrode insertion trauma. Otol Neurotol 28:842–849.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eshraghi AA, Wang J, Adil E, He J, Zine A, Bublick M, Bonny C, Puel JL, Balkany TJ, Van De Water TR (2007b) Blocking c-Jun-N-terminal kinase signaling can prevent hearing loss induced by both electrode insertion trauma and neomycin ototoxicity. Hear Res 226:168–177.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans P, Halliwell B (1999) Free radicals and hearing. Cause, consequence, and criteria. Ann NY Acad Sci 884:19–40.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fairfield DA, Kanicki AC, Lomax MI, Altschuler RA (2004) Induction of heat shock protein 32 (Hsp32) in the rat cochlea following hyperthermia. Hear Res 188:1–11.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fairfield DA, Lomax MI, Dootz GA, Chen S, Galecki AT, Benjamin IJ, Dolan DF, Altschuler RA (2005) Heat shock factor 1–deficient mice exhibit decreased recovery of hearing following noise overstimulation. J Neurosci Res 81:589–596.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feghali J, Liu W, Van De Water TR (2001) l-N-Acetyl-cysteine protection against cisplatin-induced auditory neuronal and hair cell toxicity. Laryngoscope 111:1147–1155.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fischel-Ghodsian N (1999) Genetic factors in aminoglycoside toxicity. Ann NY Acad Sci 884:99–109.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fischel-Ghodsian N, Prezant TR, Bu X, Oztas S (1993) Mitochondrial ribosomal RNA gene mutation in a patient with sporadic aminoglycoside ototoxicity. Am J Otolaryngol 14:399–403.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Forge A (1985) Outer hair cell loss and supporting cell expansion following chronic gentamicin treatment. Hear Res 19:171–182.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Forge A, Harpur ES (2000) Ototoxicity. In Ballantyne B, Marrs T, Syversen T (eds) General and Applied Toxicology. Basingstoke: Macmillan, pp 775–801.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forge A, Li L (2000) Apoptotic death of hair cells in mammalian vestibular sensory epithelia. Hear Res 139:97–115.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Forge A, Schacht J (2000) Aminoglycoside antibiotics. Audiol Neurootol 5:3–22.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Forge A, Li L, Nevill G (1998) Hair cell recovery in the vestibular sensory epithelia of mature guinea pigs. J Comp Neurol 397:69–88.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Forge A, Becker D, Casalotti S, Edwards J, Marziano N, Nevill G (2003) Gap junctions in the inner ear: comparison of distribution patterns in different vertebrates and assessement of connexin composition in mammals. J Comp Neurol 467:207–231.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fraser A, McCarthy N, Evans GI (1996) Biochemistry of cell death. Curr Opin Neurobiol 6:71–80.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fritzsch B (2003) Development of inner ear afferent connections: forming primary neurons and connecting them to the developing sensory epithelia. Brain Res Bull 60:423–433.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fritzsch B, Tessarollo L, Coppola E, Reichardt LF (2004) Neurotrophins in the ear: their roles in sensory neuron survival and fiber guidance. Prog Brain Res 146:265–278.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fritzsch B, Matei VA, Nichols DH, Bermingham N, Jones K, Beisel KW, Wang VY (2005) Atoh1 null mice show directed afferent fiber growth to undifferentiated ear sensory epithelia followed by incomplete fiber retention. Dev Dyn 233:570–583.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gale JE, Marcotti W, Kennedy HJ, Kros CJ, Richardson GP (2001) FM1-43 dye behaves as a permeant blocker of the hair-cell mechanotransducer channel. J Neurosci 21:7013–7025.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gale JE, Meyers JR, Periasamy A, Corwin JT (2002) Survival of bundleless hair cells and subsequent bundle replacement in the bullfrog’s saccule. J Neurobiol 50:81–92.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gantz, BJ Turner C (2004) Combining acoustic and electrical speech processing: Iowa/nucleus hybrid implant. Acta Otolaryngol 124:344–347.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Garetz SL, Altschuler RA, Schacht J (1994) Attenuation of gentamicin ototoxicity by glutathione in the guinea pig in vivo. Hear Res 77:81–87.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gillespie LN, Shepherd RK (2005) Clinical application of neurotrophic factors: the potential for primary auditory neuron protection. Eur J Neurosci 22:2123–2133.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gillespie LN, Clark GM, Bartlett PF, Marzella PL (2003) BDNF-induced survival of auditory neurons in vivo: Cessation of treatment leads to accelerated loss of survival effects. J Neurosci Res 71:785–790.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gilliespie LN, Clark GM, Marzella PL (2004) Delayed neurotrophin treatment supports auditory neuron survival in deaf guinea pigs. NeuroReport 15:1121–1125.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldfarb A, Avraham KB (2002) Genetics of deafness:recent advances and clinical implications. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 13:75–88.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goll DE, Thompson VF, Li H, Wei W, Cong J (2003) The calpain system. Physiol Rev 83:731–801.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Green DR, Kroemer G (2004) The pathophysiology of mitochondrial cell death. Science 305:626–629.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grifa A, Wagner CA, D’Ambrosio L, Melchionda S, Bernardi F, Lopez-Bigas N, Rabionet R, Arbones M, Monica MD, Estivill X, Zelante L, Lang F, Gasparini P (1999) Mutations in GJB6 cause nonsyndromic autosomal dominant deafness at DFNA3 locus. Nat Genet 23:16–18.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guan MX, Fischel-Ghodsian N, Attardi G (2000) A biochemical basis for the inherited susceptibility to aminoglycoside ototoxicity. Hum Mol Genet 9:1787–1793.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guitton MJ, Wang J, Puel JL (2004) New pharmacological strategies to restore hearing and treat tinnitus. Acta Otolaryngol 124:411–415.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guzman J, Ruiz J, Eshraghi AA, Polak M, Garnham C, Balkany TJ, Van De Water TR (2006) Triamcinolone acetonide protects auditory hair cells from 4–hyrdoxy-2,(HNE) ototoxicity in vitro. Acta Otolaryngol 162:685–690.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartnick CJ, Staecker H, Malgrange B, Lefebvre PP, Liu W, Moonen G, Van De Water TR (1996) Neurotrophic effect of BDNF and CNTF, alone and in combination, on postnatal day 5 rat acoustic ganglion neurons. J Neurobiol 30:246–254.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hawkins JE Jr (1973) Comparative otopathology: aging, noise, and ototoxic drugs. Adv Otorhinolaryngol 20:125–141.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hegarty JL, Kay AR, Green SH (1997) Tropic support of cultured spiral ganglion neurons by depolarization exceeds and is additive with that by neurotrophins or cAMP and requires elevation of [^Ca2 +]i within a set range. J Neurosci 17:1959–1970.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henderson D, Hamernik RP (1986) Impulse noise: critical review. J Acoust Soc Am 80:569–584.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henderson D, McFadden SL, Liu CC, Hight N, Zheng XY (1999) The role of antioxidants in protection from impulse noise. Ann NY Acad Sci 884:368–380.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henry KR (2003) Hyperthermia exacerbates and hypothermia protects from noise-induced threshold elevation of the cochlear nerve envelope response in the C57BL/6J mouse. Hear Res 179:88–96.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Henry KR, Chole RA (1980) Genotypic differences in behavioral, physiological and anatomical expressions of age-related hearing loss in the laboratory mouse. Audiology 19:369–383.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henry KR, Chole RA (1984) Hypothermia protects the cochlea from noise damage. Hear Res 16:225–230.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hequembourg S, Liberman MC (2001) Spiral ligament pathology: a major aspect of age-related cochlear degeneration in C57BL/6 mice. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2:118–129.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hight NG, McFadden SL, Henderson D, Burkard RF, Nicotera T (2003) Noise-induced hearing loss in chinchillas pre-treated with glutathione monoethylester and R-PIA. Hear Res 179:21–32.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Himeno C, Komeda M, Izumikawa M, Takemura K, Yagi M, Weiping Y, Doi T, Kuriyama H, Miller JM, Yamashita T (2002) Intra-cochlear administration of dexamethasone attenuates aminoglycoside ototoxicity in the guinea pig. Hear Res 167:61–70.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hu BH, Henderson D, Nicotera TM (2006) Extremely rapid induction of outer hair cell apoptosis in the chinchilla cochlea following exposure to impulse noise. Hear Res 211:16–25.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hutchin T, Haworth I, Higashi K, Fischel-Ghodsian N, Stoneking M, Saha N, Arnos C, Cortopassi G (1993) A molecular basis for human hypersensitivity to aminoglycoside antibiotics. Nucleic Acids Res 21:4174–4179.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hyodo J, Hakuba N, Koga K, Watanabe F, Shuduo M, Taniguchi M, Gyo K (2001) Hypothermia reduces glutamate efflux in perilymph following transient ischemia. NeuroReport 12:1983–1987.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Izumikawa M, Minoda R, Kawamoto K, Abrashkin KA, Swiderski DL, Dolan DF, Brough DE, Raphael Y (2005) Auditory hair cell replacement and hearing improvement by Atoh1 gene therapy in deaf animals. Nat Med 11:240–250.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaattela M, Tschopp J (2003) Caspase-independent cell death in T lymphocytes. Nat Immunol 4:416–23.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jakob U, Buchner J (1994) Assisting spontaneity: the role of Hsp90 and small Hsps as molecular chaperones. Trends Biochem Sci 19:205–211.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Janas JD, Cotanche DA, Rubel EW (1995) Avian cochlear hair cell regeneration: stereological analyses of damage and recovery from a single high dose of gentamicin. Hear Res 92:17–29.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang H, Sha SH, Forge A, Schacht J (2006) Caspase-independent pathways of hair cell death induced by kanamycin in vivo. Cell Death Differ 13:20–30.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson KR, Zheng QY (2002) Ahl2, a second locus affecting age-related hearing loss in mice. Genomics 80:461–464.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson KR, Erway LC, Cook SA, Willott JF, Zheng QY (1997) A major gene affecting age-related hearing loss in C57BL/6J mice. Hear Res 114:83–92.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson KR, Zheng QY, Erway LC (2000) A major gene affecting age-related hearing loss is common to at least ten inbred strains of mice. Genomics 70:171–180.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kanzaki S, Stover T, Kawamoto K, Prieskorn DM, Altschuler RA, Miller JM, Raphael Y (2002) Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and chronic electrical stimulation prevent VIII cranial nerve degeneration following denervation. J Comp Neurol 454:350–360.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Katoh I, Tomimori Y, Ikawa Y, Kurata S (2004) Dimerization and processing of procaspase-9 by redox stress in mitochondria. J Biol Chem 279:15515–15523.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kawamoto K, Sha SH, Minoda R, Izumikawa M, Kuriyama H, Schacht J, Raphael Y (2004) Antioxidant gene therapy can protect hearing and hair cells from ototoxicity. Mol Ther 9:173–181.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keithley EM, Canto C, Zheng QY, Wang X, Fischel-Ghodsian N, Johnson KR (2005) Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase and age-related hearing loss. Hear Res 209:76–85.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kiefer J, Gstoettner W, Baumgartner W, Pok SM, Tillein J, Te Q, von Ilberg C (2004) Conservation of low-frequency hearing in cochlear implantation. Acta Otolaryngol 124:272-280.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kikuchi T, Adams JC, Paul DL, Kimura RS (1994) Gap junction systems in the rat vestibular labyrinth: immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analysis. Acta Otolaryngol 114:520–528.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kikuchi T, Kimura RS, Paul DL, Takasaka T, Adams JC (2000) Gap junction systems in the mammalian cochlea. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 32:163–166.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kil J, Pierce C, Tran H, Gu R, Lynch ED (2007) Ebselen treatment reduces noise induced hearing loss via the mimicry and induction of glutathione peroxidase. Hear Res 226:44–51.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim WY, Fritzsch B, Serls A, Bakel LA, Huang EJ, Reichardt LF, Barth DS, Lee JE (2001) Neuro D-null mice are deaf due to a severe loss of the inner ear sensory neurons during development. Development 128:417–426.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kopke RD, Liu W, Gabaizadeh R, Jacono A, Feghali J, Spray D, Garcia P, Steinman H, Malgrange B, Ruben RJ, Rybak L, Van De Water TR (1997) Use of organotypic cultures of Corti’s organ to study the protective effects of antioxidant molecules on cisplatin-induced damage of auditory hair cells. Am J Otol 18:559–571.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kopke RD, Weisskopf PA, Boone JL, Jackson RL, Wester DC, Hoffer ME, Lambert DC, Charon CC, Ding DL, McBride D (2000) Reduction of noise-induced hearing loss using L-NAC and salicylate in the chinchilla. Hear Res 149:138–146.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kopke RD, Hoffer ME, Webster D, O’Leray MJ, Jackson RL (2001a) Targeted topical steroid therapy in sudden sensorineural haering loss. Otol Neurotol 22:475–479.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kopke RD, Jackson RL, Li G, Rasmussen MD, Hoffer ME, Frenz DA, Costello M, Schultheiss P, Van De Water TR (2001b) Growth factor treatment enhances vestibular hair cell renewal and results in improved vestibular function. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:5886–5891.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kotecha B, Richardson GP (1994) Ototoxicity in vitro: effects of neomycin, gentamicin, dihydrostreptomycin, amikacin, spectinomycin, neamine, spermine and poly-L-lysine. Hear Res 73:173–184.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuan CY, Burke RE (2005) Targeting the JNK signaling pathway for stroke and Parkinson’s diseases therapy. Curr Drug Targets CNS Neurol Disord 4:63–67.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kujawa SG, Liberman MC (1999) Long-term sound conditioning enhances cochlear sensitivity. J Neurophysiol 82:863–873.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kyriakis LM, Banerjee P, Nikolakaki E, Dai T, Rubie EA, Ahmad MF, Avruch J, Woodjett JR (1994) The stress-activated protein kinase subfamily of c-Jun kinases. Nature 369:156-160.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lallemend F, Lefebvre PP, Hans G, Rigo JM, Van De Water TR, Moonen G, Malgrange B (2003) Substance P protects spiral ganglion neurons from apoptosis via PKC-Ca2+-MAPK/ERK pathways. Neurochem 87:508–521.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lallemend F, Hadjab S, Hans G, Moonen G, Lefebvre PP, Malgrange B (2005) Activation of protein kinase Cbeta1 constitutes a new neurotrophic pathway for deafferented spiral ganglion neurons. J Cell Sci 118:4511–4525.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laurell G, Bagger-Sjöböck D (1991) Dose-dependent inner ear changes after i.v. admini-stration of cisplatin. J Otolaryngol 20:158–167.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lautermann J, McLaren J, Schacht J (1995a) Glutathione protection against gentamicin ototoxicity depends on nutritional status. Hear Res 86:15–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lautermann J, Song B, McLaren J, Schacht J (1995b) Diet is a risk factor in cisplatin ototoxicity. Hear Res 88:47–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lautermann J, ten Cate WJ, Altenhoff P, Grummer R, Traub O, Frank H, Jahnke K, Winterhager E (1998) Expression of the gap-junction connexins 26 and 30 in the rat cochlea. Cell Tissue Res 294:415–420.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lefebvre PP, Van De Water TR, Weber T, Rogister B, Moonen G (1991) Growth factor interactions in cultures of dissociated adult acoustic ganglia: neurotrophic effects. Brn Res 567:306–312.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lefebvre PP, Martin D, Staecker H, Weber T, Moonen G, Van De Water TR (1992) TGF beta 1 expression is initiated in adult auditory neurons by sectioning of the auditory nerve. NeuroReport 3:295–298.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leonova EV, Fairfield DA, Lomax MI, Altschuler RA (2002) Constitutive expression of Hsp27 in the rat cochlea. Hear Res 163:61–70.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li G, Frenz DA, Brahmblatt S, Feghali JG, Ruben RJ, Berggren D, Arezzo J, Van De Water TR (2001) Round window membrane delivery of L-methionine provides protection from cisplatin ototoxicity without compromising chemotherapeutic efficacy. Neurotoxicology 22:163–176.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li G, Sha SH, Zotova E, Arezzo J, Van De Water T, Schacht J (2002) Salicylate protects hearing and kidney function from cisplatin toxicity without compromising its oncolytic action. Lab Invest 82:585–596.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li HS, Borg E (1991) Age-related loss of auditory sensitivity in two mouse genotypes. Acta Otolaryngol 111:827–834.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li L, Forge A (1995) Cultured explants of the vestibular sensory epithelia from adult guinea pigs and effects of gentamicin: a model for examination of hair cell loss and epithelial repair mechanisms. Audit Neurosci 1:111–125.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li L, Nevill G, Forge A (1995) Two modes of hair cell loss from the vestibular sensory epithelia of the guinea pig inner ear. J Comp Neurol 355:405–417.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li S, Price SM, Cahill H, Ryugo DK, Shen MM, Xiang M (2002) Hearing loss caused by progressive degeneration of cochlear hair cells in mice deficient for the Barhl1 homeobox gene. Development 129:3523–3532.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lim HH, Jenkins OH, Myers MW, Miller JM, Altschuler RA (1993) Detection of HSP 72 synthesis after acoustic overstimulation in rat cochlea. Hear Res 69:146–150.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindeman HH (1969) Regional differences in sensitivity of the vestibular sensory epithelia to ototoxic antibiotics. Acta Otolaryngol 67:177–189.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu W, Staecker H, Stupak H, Malgrange B, Lefebvre P, Van De Water TR (1998) Caspase inhibitors prevent cisplatin-induced apoptosis of auditory sensory cells. NeuroReport 9:2609–2614.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lopez I, Honrubia V, Lee SC, Schoeman G, Beykirch K (1997) Quantification of the process of hair cell loss and recovery in the chinchilla crista ampullaris after gentamicin treatment. Int J Dev Neurosci 15:447–461.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lynch ED, Kil J (2005) Compounds for the prevention and treatment of noise-induced hearing loss. Drug Discov Today 10:1291–1298.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lynch ED, Gu R, Pierce C, Kil J (2005) Combined oral delivery of ebselen and allopurinol reduces multiple cisplatin toxicities in rat breast and ovarian cancer models while enhancing anti-tumor activity. Anticancer Drugs 16:569–579.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ma Q, Chen Z, del Barco Barrantes, de la Pompa JL, Anderson DJ (1998) Neurogenin-1 is essential for the determination of neuronal precursors for proximal cranial sensory anlagen Neuron 20:469–482.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ma Q, Anderson DJ, Fritzsch B (2000) Neurogenin 1 null mutant ears develop fewer, morphologically normal hair cells in smaller sensory epithelia devoid of innervation. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 1:129-143.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marcus DC, Wu T, Wangemann P, Kofuji P (2002) KCNJ10 (Kir4.1) potassium channel knockout abolishes endocochlear potential. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 282:C403–407.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marion DW, Penrod LE, Kelsey SF, Obrist WD, Kochanek PM, Palmer AM, Wisnewski SR, DeKosy ST (1997) Treatment of traumatic brain injury with moderate hypothermia. N Engl J Med 336:540–546.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marzella PL, Clark GM (1999) Growth factors, auditory neurones and cochlear implants: a review. Acta Otolaryngol 119:407–412.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matsui JI, Ogilvie JM, Warchol ME (2002) Inhibition of caspases prevents ototoxic and ongoing hair cell death. J Neurosci 22:1218–1227.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matsui JI, Haque A, Huss D, Messana EP, Alosi JA, Roberson DW, Cotanche DA, Dickman JD, Warchol ME (2003) Caspase inhibitors promote vestibular hair cell survival and function after aminoglycoside treatment in vivo. J Neurosci 23:6111–6122.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matsui JI, Gale JE, Warchol ME (2004) Critical signaling events during the aminoglycoside-induced death of sensory hair cells in vitro. J Neurobiol 61:250–266.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McDowell B, Davies S, Forge A (1989) The effect of gentamicin-induced hair cell loss on the tight junctions of the reticular lamina. Hear Res 40:221–232.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McFadden SL, Henderson D, Shen YH (1997) Low-frequency ’conditioning’ provides long-term protection from noise-induced threshold shifts in chinchillas. Hear Res 103:142–150.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McFadden SL, Ding D, Burkard RF, Jiang H, Reaume AG, Flood DG, Salvi RJ (1999a) Cu/Zn SOD deficiency potentiates hearing loss and cochlear pathology in aged 129, CD-1 mice. J Comp Neurol 413:101–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • McFadden SL, Ding D, Reaume AG, Flood DG, Salvi RJ (1999b) Age-related cochlear hair cell loss is enhanced in mice lacking copper/zinc superoxide dismutase. Neurobiol Aging 20:1–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • McFadden SL, Ding D, Salvemini D, Salvi RJ (2003) M40403, a superoxide dismutase mimetic, protects cochlear hair cells from gentamicin, but not cisplatin toxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 186:46–54.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meijer AJ, Codogno P (2006) Signalling and autophagy regulation in health, aging and disease. Mol Asp Med 27: 411–425

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meiteles LZ, Raphael Y (1994) Scar formation in the vestibular sensory epithelium after aminoglycoside toxicity. Hear Res 79:26–38.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller JB, Girgenrath M (2006) The role of apoptosis in neuromuscular diseases and prospectus for anti-apoptosis therapy. Trends Mol Med 12:279–285.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller JM, Chi DH, O’Keeffe LJ, Kruszka P, Raphael Y, Altschuler RA (1997) Neurotrophins can enhance spiral ganglion cell survival after inner hair cell loss. Int J Dev Neurosci 15:631–643.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Minami SB, Sha SH, Schacht J (2004) Antioxidant protection in a new animal model of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Hear Res 198:137–143.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Monks J, Rosner D, Geske FJ, Lehman L, Hanson L, Neville MC, Fadok VA (2005) Epithelial cells as phagocytes: apoptotic epithelial cells are engulfed by mammary alveolar epithelial cells and repress inflammatory mediator release. Cell Death Differ 12:107–114.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakayama M, Helfert RH, Konrad HR, Caspary DM (1994) Scanning electron microscopic evaluation of age-related changes in the rat vestibular epithelium. Otolaryngol HNS 111:799–806.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nicotera TM, Hu BH, Henderson D (2003) The caspase pathway in noise-induced apoptosis of the chinchilla cochlea. J Asoc Res Otolaryngol 4:466–477.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noushi F, Richardson RT, Hardman J, Clark G, O’Leary S (2005) Delivery of neurotrophin-3 to the cochlea using alginate beads. Otol Neurotol 26:528–533.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oh SH, Yu WS, Song BH, Lim D, Koo JW, Chang SO, Kim CS (2000) Expression of heat shock protein 72 in rat cochlea with cisplatin-induced acute ototoxicity. Acta Otolaryngol 120:146–150.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ohlemiller KK, McFadden SL, Ding DL, Flood DG, Reaume AG, Hoffman EK, Scott RW, Wright JS, Putcha GV, Salvi RJ (1999) Targeted deletion of the cytosolic Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase gene (Sod1) increases susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss. Audiol Neurootol 4:237–246.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Onteniente B (2004) Natural and synthetic inhibitors of caspases: targets for novel drugs. Curr Drug Targets CNS Neurol Disord 3:333–340.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parnes LS, Sun AH, Freeman DJ (1999) Corticosteroid pharmacokinetics in the iner ear fluids: an animal study followed by clinical application. Otol Neurotol 109:1–17.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Patuzzi RB, Yates GK, Johnstone BM (1989) Changes in cochlear microphonic and neural sensitivity produced by acoustic trauma. Hear Res 39:189–202.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petit C (2006) From deafness genes to hearing mechanisms: harmony and counterpoint. Trends Mol Med 12:57–64.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pickles JO, Osborne MP, Comis SD (1987) Vulnerability of tip links between stereocilia to acoustic trauma in the guinea pig. Hear Res 25:173–183.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pirvola U, Ylikoski J (2003) Neurotrophic factors during inner ear development. Curr Top Dev Biol. 51:207–223.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pirvola U, Ylikoski J, Palgi J, Lehtonen E, Arumae U, Saarma M (1992) Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin 3 mRNAs in the peripheral target fields of deve-loping inner ear ganglia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:9915–9919.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pirvola U, Arumae U, Moshnyakov M, Palgi J, Saarma M, Ylikoski J (1994) Coordinated expression and function of neurotrophins and their receptors in the rat inner ear during target innervation. Hear Res 75:131–144.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pirvola U, Xing-Qun L, Virkkala J, Saarma M, Murakata C, Camoratto AM, Walton KM, Ylikoski J (2000) Rescue of hearing, auditory hair cells, and neurons by CEP-1347/KT7515, an inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation. J Neurosci 20:43–50.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Plontke S, Lowenheim H, Preyer S, Liens P, Dietz K, Koitschev A (2005) Outcomes research analysis of continuous intratympanic glucocorticoid delivered in patients with acute severe to profound hearing loss: basis for randomized controlled trials. Acta Otolaryngol 125:830–839.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prezant TR, Agapian JV, Bohlman MC, Bu X, Oztas S, Qiu WQ, Arnos KS, Cortopassi GA, Jaber L, Rotter JI, et al. (1993) Mitochondrial ribosomal RNA mutation associated with both antibiotic-induced and non-syndromic deafness. Nat Genet 4:289–294.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Puel JL, Pujol R, Tribillac F, Ladrech S, Eybalin M (1994) Excitatory amino acid antagonists protect cochlear auditory neurons from excitotoxicity. J Comp Neurol 341:241–256.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pujol R, Puel JL (1999) Excitotoxicity, synaptic repair, and functional recovery in the mammalian cochlea: a review of recent findings. Ann NY Acad Sci 884:249–254.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Quaranta A, Portalatini P, Henderson D (1998) Temporary and permanent threshold shift: an overview. Scand Audiol Suppl 48:75–86.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raft S, Nowotschin S, Liao J, Morrow BE (2004) Suppression of neural fate and control of inner ear morphogenesis by Tbx1. Development 131:1801–1812.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raphael Y (2002) Cochlear pathology, sensory cell death and regeneration. Br Med Bull 63:25–38.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raphael Y, Altschuler RA (1991) Reorganization of cytoskeletal and junctional proteins during cochlear hair cell degeneration. Cell Motil Cytoskel 18:215–227.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rarey KE, Curtis LM (1996) Receptors for glutocorticoids in the human inner ear. Otolaryngol HNS 115:38–41.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rarey KE, Gerhardt KJ, Curtis LM, ten Cate WJ (1995) Effect of stress on cochlear glucocorticoid protein: acoustic stress. Hear Res 82:135–138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ravi R, Somani SM, Rybak LP (1995) Mechanism of cisplatin ototoxicity: antioxidant system. Pharmacol Toxicol 76:386–394.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rebillard G, Ruel J, Nouvian R, Saleh H, Pujol R, Dehnes Y, Raymond J, Puel JL, Devau G (2003) Glutamate transporters in the guinea-pig cochlea: partial mRNA sequences, cellular expression and functional implications. Eur J Neurosci 17:83–92.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ (2005) Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch? Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415–422.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reser D, Rho M, Dewan D, Herbst L, Li G, Stupak H, Zur K, Romaine J, Goldbloom L, Kopke R, Frenz D, Arezzo J, Van De Water, TR (1999) l- and d-methionine provide equivalent long term protection against CDDP-induced ototoxicity in vivo, with partial in vitro and in vivo retention of antineoplastic activity. Neurotoxicology 20:731–748.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richardson GP, Russell IJ (1991) Cochlear cultures as a model system for studying aminoglycoside induced ototoxicity. Hear Res 53:293–311.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roberg K, Kagedal K, Ollinger K (2002) Microinjection of cathepsin d induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in fibroblasts. Am J Pathol 161:89–96.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rozengurt N, Lopez I, Chiu CS, Kofuji P, Lester HA, Neusch C (2003) Time course of inner ear degeneration and deafness in mice lacking the Kir4.1 potassium channel subunit. Hear Res 177:71–80.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rubel EW, Fritzsch B (2002) Auditory system development: primary auditory neurons and their targets. Annu Rev Neurosci 25:51–101.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rubinzstein DC, DiFaglia M, Heintz N, Nixon RA, Qin Z-H, Ravikumar B, Stefanis L, Tolkovsky A (2005) Autophagy and its possible role in nervous system diseases, damage and repair. Autophagy 1:11–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruiz J, Guzman J, Polak M, Eshraghi AA, Balkany TJ, Van De Water TR (2006) Glutathione ester protects against hydroxynonenal-induced loss of auditory hair cells. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 135:792–797.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Russell IJ, Kossl M (1992) Sensory transduction and frequency selectivity in the basal turn of the guinea-pig cochlea. Philos Trans Royal Soc Lond B Biol Sci 336:317–324.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rybak LP, Kelly T (2003) Ototoxicity: bioprotective mechanisms. Curr Opin Otolaryngol HNS 11:328–333.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rybak LP, Whitworth CA (2005) Ototoxicity: therapeutic opportunities. Drug Discov Today 10:1313–1321.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rzadzinska AK, Schneider ME, Davies C, Riordan GP, Kachar B (2004) An actin molecular treadmill and myosins maintain stereocilia functional architecture and self-renewal. J Cell Biol 164:887–897.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sabag AD, Avraham KB (2005) Connexins in hearing loss: a comprehensive overview. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 16:101–116.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salt AN, Plontke SK (2005) Local inner-ear drug delivery and pharmacokinetics. Drug Discov Today 10:1299–1306.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saunders JC, Dear SP, Schneider ME (1985) The anatomical consequences of acoustic injury: a review and tutorial. J Acoust Soc Am 78:833–860.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Savill J, Fadok V (2000) Corpse clearance defines the meaning of cell death. Nature 407:784–788.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scarpidis U, Mandani D, Shoemaker C, Fletcher CH, Kojima K, Eshraghi AA, Staecker H, Lefebvre PP, Malgrange B, Balkany TJ, Van De Water TR (2003) Arrest of apoptosis in auditory neurons: implications for sensorineural preservation in cochlear implants. Otol Neurotol 24:409–417.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schneider ME, Belyantseva IA, Azevedo RB, Kachar B (2002) Rapid renewal of auditory hair bundles. Nature 418:837–838.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schubert D, Piasecki D (2001) Oxidative glutamate toxicity can be a component of the excitotoxicity cascade. J Neurosci 21:7455–7462.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sha SH, Schacht J (1999) Salicylate attenuates gentamicin-induced ototoxicity. Lab Invest 79:807–813.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sha SH, Taylor R, Forge A, Schacht J (2001a) Differential vulnerability of basal and apical hair cells is based on intrinsic susceptibility to free radicals. Hear Res 155:1–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sha SH, Zajic G, Epstein CJ, Schacht J (2001b) Overexpression of copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase protects from kanamycin-induced hearing loss. Audiol Neurootol 6:117–123.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sha SH, Qui JH, Schacht J (2006) Aspirin to prevent gentamicin-induced hearing loss. N Engl J Med 354:1856–1857.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shepherd RK, Coco A, Epp SB, Crook JM (2005) Chronic depolarization enhances the trophic effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rescuing auditory neurons following a sensorineural hearing loss. J Comp Neurol 486:145–158.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shinohara T, Bredberg G, Ulfendahl M, Pyykko I, Olivius NP, Kaksonen R, Lindstrom B, Altschuler R, Miller JM (2002) Neurotrophic factor intervention restores auditory function in deafened animals. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:1657–1660.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Slepecky N (1986) Overview of mechanical damage to the inner ear: noise as a tool to probe cochlear function. Hear Res 22:307–321.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sobkowicz HM, August BK, Slapnick SM (1992) Epithelial repair following mechanical injury of the developing organ of Corti in culture: an electron microscopic and autoradiographic study. Exp Neurol 115:44–49.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sobkowicz HM, August BK, Slapnick SM (1996) Post-traumatic survival and recovery of the auditory sensory cells in culture. Acta Otolaryngol 116:257–262.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sobkowicz HM, August BK, Slapnick SM (1997) Cellular interactions as a response to injury in the organ of Corti in culture. Int J Dev Neurosci 15:463–485.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Song BB, Anderson DJ, Schacht J (1997) Protection from gentamicin ototoxicity by iron chelators in guinea pig in vivo. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 282:369–377.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spongr VP, Flood DG, Frisina RD, Salvi RJ (1997) Quantitative measures of hair cell loss in CBA and C57BL/6 mice throughout their life spans. J Acoust Soc Am 101:3546–3553.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Staecker H, Van De Water TR (1998) Factors controlling hair-cell regeneration/repair in the inner ear. Curr Opin Neurobiol 8:480–487.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Staecker H, Liu W, Hartnick C, Lefebvre PP, Malgrange B, Moonen G, Van De Water TR (1995) NT-3 combined with CNTF promotes survival of neurons in modiolus-spiral ganglion explants. NeuroReport. 6:1533–1537.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Staecker H, Kopke R, Malgrange B, Lefebvre P, Van De Water TR (1996) NT-3 and/or BDNF therapy prevents loss of auditory neurons following loss of hair cells. NeuroReport 7:89–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Staecker H, Gabaizadeh R, Federoff H, Van De Water TR (1998) Brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene therapy prevents spiral ganglion degeneration after hair cell loss. Otolaryngol HNS 119:7–13.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steel KP, Kros CJ (2001) A genetic approach to understanding auditory function. Nat Genet 27:143–149.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stone JS, Oesterle EC, Rubel EW (1998) Recent insights into regeneration of auditory and vestibular hair cells. Curr Opin Neurol 11:17–24.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tahera Y, Meltser I, Johansson P, Bian Z, Stierna P, Hansson AC, Canlon B (2006) NF-kappa B mediated glucortoicosteroid response in the inner ear after acoustic trauma. J Neurosci Res 83:1066–1076.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tahera Y, Meltser I, Johansson P, Salman H, Canlon B (2007) Sound conditioning protects hearing by activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Neurobiol Dis 25:189–197.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi K, Kusakari J, Kimura S, Wada T, Hara A (1996) The effect of methylprednisolone on acoustic trauma. Acta Otolaryngol 116:209–212.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takemura K, Komeda M, Yagi M, Himeno C, Izumikawa M, Doi T, Kuriyama H, Miller JM, Yamashita T (2004) Direct inner ear infusion of dexamethasone attenuates noise-induced trauma to the guinea pig. Hear Res 196:58–68.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takumida M, Anniko M (2005) Heat shock protein 70 delays gentamicin-induced vestibular hair cell death. Acta Otolaryngol 125:23–28.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tan S, Schubert D, Maher P (2001) Oxytosis: a novel form of programmed cell death. Curr Top Med Chem 1:497–506.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor R, Forge A (2005) Hair cell regeneration in sensory epithelia from the inner ear of a Urodele amphibian. J Comp Neurol, 484, 105–120

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Terunuma T, Kawauchi S, Kajihara M, Takahashi S, Hara A (2003) Effect of acoustic stress on glucocorticoid receptor mRNA in the cochlea of the guinea pig. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 120:65–72.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Teubner B, Michel V, Pesch J, Lautermann J, Cohen-Salmon M, Sohl G, Jahnke K, Winterhager E, Herberhold C, Hardelin JP, Petit C, Willecke K (2003) Connexin30 (Gjb6)-deficiency causes severe hearing impairment and lack of endocochlear potential. Hum Mol Genet 12:13–21.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Teufert KB, Linthicum FH, Connell SS (2006) The effect of organ of Corti loss on ganglion cell survival in humans. Otol Neurotol 27:1146–1151.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thornberry NA, Lazebnik Y (1998) Caspases: enemies within. Science 281:1213–1216.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thorne PR, Gavin JB (1985) Changing relationships between structure and function in the cochlea during recovery from intense sound exposure. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 94:81–86.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vahava O, Morell R, Lynch ED, Weiss S, Kagan ME, Ahituv N, Morrow JE, Lee MK, Skvorak AB, Morton CC, Blumenfeld A, Frydman M, Friedman TB, King MC, Avraham KB (1998) Mutation in transcription factor POU4F3 associated with inherited progressive hearing loss in humans. Science 279:1950–1954.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van De Water TR (1988) Tissue interactions and cell differentiation: neurone-sensory cell interaction during otic development. Development 103 (Suppl):185–193.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van De Water TR, Staecker H, Ernfors P, Moonen G, Lefebvre PP (1996) Neurotrophic Factors as pharmacological agents for the treatment of injured auditory neurons. Ciba Found Symp 196:149–162.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van De Water TR, Lallemend F, Eshraghi AA, Ahsan S, He J, Guzman J, Polak M, Malgrange B, Lefebvre PP, Staecker H, Balkany TJ (2004) Caspases, the enemy within, and their role in oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of inner ear sensory cells. Otol Neurotol 25:627–632.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Ruijven MW, de Groot JC, Smoorenburg GF (2004) Time sequence of degeneration pattern in the guinea pig cochlea during cisplatin administration. A quantitative histological study. Hear Res 197:44–54.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Veuillet E, Gartner M, Champsaur G, Neidecker J, Collet L (1997) Effects of hypothermia on cochlear micromechanical properties in humans. J Neurol Sci 145:69–76.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang KK (2000) Calpain and caspase: can you tell the difference? Trends Neurosci 23:20–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang J, Van De Water TR, Bonny C, de Ribaupierre F, Puel JL, Zine A (2003) A peptide inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase protects against both aminoglycoside and acoustic trauma-induced auditory hair cell death and hearing loss. J Neurosci 23:8596–8607.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang J, Ladrech S, Pujol R, Brabet P, Van De Water TR, Puel JL (2004) Caspase inhibitors, but not c-Jun NH2–terminal kinase inhibitor treatment, prevent cisplatin-induced hearing loss. Cancer Res 64:9217–9224.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang J, Ruel J, Ladrech S, Bonny C, Van De Water TR, Puel JL (2007) Inhibition of the JNK-mediated mitochondrial cell death pathway restores auditory function in sound exposed animals. Mol Pharmacol 71:654–666.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, W, Grimmer, F, Van De Water, TR, Lufkin, T (2004) Hmx2 and Hmx3 homeobox genes direct development of the murine inner ear and hypothalamus and can be functionally replaced by Drosophila Hmx. Dev Cell 7:430–453.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Liberman MC (2002) Restraint stress and protection from acoustic injury in mice. Hear Res 165:96–102.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Hirose K, Liberman MC (2002) Dynamics of noise-induced cellular injury and repair in the mouse cochlea. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 3:248–268.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wangemann P (2002) K(+) cycling and the endocochlear potential. Hear Res 165:1–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wangemann P, Schacht J (1996) Homeostatic Mechanisms in the Cochlea. In Dallos P, Popper AN, Fay RR (eds) The Cochlea. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watanabe F, Koga K, Hakuba N, Gyo K (2001) Hypothermia prevents hearing loss and progressive hair cell loss after transient cochlear ischemia in gerbils. Neuroscience 102:639–645.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Watson GM, Mire P, Hudson RR (1998) Repair of hair bundles in sea anemones by secreted proteins. Hear Res 115:119–128.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wersall J (1995) Ototoxic antibiotics: a review. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl 519:26–29.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Winter J, Jakob U (2004) Beyond transcription—new mechanisms for the regulation of molecular chaperones. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 39:297–317.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wissel K, Wefstaedt P, Miller J, Lenarz T, Stover T (2006) Differential brain-derived neurotrophic factor and transforming growth factor-beta expression in the rat cochlea following deafness. NeuroReport 17:1297–1301.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wright A (1983) The surface structures of the human vestibular apparatus. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 8:53–63.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wright A, Davis A, Bredberg G, Ulehlova L, Spencer H (1987) Hair cell distributions in the normal human cochlea. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl 444:1–48.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu WJ, Sha SH, McLaren JD, Kawamoto K, Raphael Y, Schacht J (2001) Aminoglycoside ototoxicity in adult CBA, C57BL and BALB mice and the Sprague-Dawley rat. Hear Res 158:165–178.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xia AP, Ikeda K, Katori Y, Oshima T, Kikuchi T, Takasaka T (2000) Expression of connexin 31 in the developing mouse cochlea. NeuroReport 11:2449–2453.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xia JH, Liu CY, Tang BS, Pan Q, Huang L, Dai HP, Zhang BR, Xie W, Hu DX, Zheng D, Shi XL, Wang DA, Xia K, Yu KP, Liao XD, Feng Y, Yang YF, Xiao JY, Xie DH, Huang JZ (1998) Mutations in the gene encoding gap junction protein beta-3 associated with autosomal dominant hearing impairment. Nat Genet 20:370–373.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xiang M, Gan L, Li D, Chen ZY, Zhou L, O’Malley BW Jr, Klein W, Nathans J (1997) Essential role of POU-domain factor Brn-3c in auditory and vestibular hair cell development. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:9445–9450.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xiang M, Gao WQ, Hasson T, Shin JJ (1998) Requirement for Brn-3c in maturation and survival, but not in fate determination of inner ear hair cells. Development 125:3935–3946.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xiang M, Maklad A, Pirvola U, Fritzsch B (2003) Brn3c null mutant mice show long term, incomplete retention of some afferent inner ear innervation. BMC Neurosci 4:2.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yagi M, Kanzaki S, Kawamoto K, Shin B, Shah PP, Magal E, Sheng J, Raphael Y (2000) Spiral ganglion neurons are protected from degeneration by GDNF gene therapy. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 1:315–325.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamagata T, Miller JM, Ulfendahl M, Olivius NP, Altschuler RA, Pyykko I, Bredberg G (2004) Delayed neurotrophic treatment preserves nerve survival and electrophysiological responsiveness in neomycin-deafened guinea pigs. J Neurosci Res 78:75–86.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamashita D, Jiang HY, Schacht J, Miller JM (2004) Delayed production of free radicals following noise exposure. Brain Res 1019:201–209.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamashita D, Jiang HY, Le Prell CG, Schacht J, Miller JM (2005) Post-exposure treatment attenuates noise-induced hearing loss. Neurosci 134:633–642.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamasoba T, Dolan DF (1998) The medial cochlear efferent system does not appear to contribute to the development of acquired resistance to acoustic trauma. Hear Res 120:143–151.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamasoba T, Dolan DF, Miller JM (1999) Acquired resistance to acoustic trauma by sound conditioning is primarily mediated by changes restricted to the cochlea, not by systemic responses. Hear Res 127:31–40.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang WP, Henderson D, Hu BH, Nicotera TM (2004) Quantitative analysis of apoptotic and necrotic outer hair cells after exposure to different levels of continuous noise. Hear Res 196:69–76.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ylikoski J, Pirvola U, Moshnyakov M, Palgi J, Arumae U, Saarma M (1993) Expresión patterns of neurotrophin and their receptor mRNAs in the rat inner ear. Hear Res 65:69–78.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ylikoski J, Xing-Qun L, Virkkala J, Pirvola U (2002) Blockade of c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway attenuates gentamicin-induced cochlear and vestibular hair cell death. Hear Res 166:33–43.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshida N, Liberman MC (2000) Sound conditioning reduces noise-induced permanent threshold shift in mice. Hear Res 148:213–219.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshida N, Kristiansen A, Liberman MC (1999) Heat stress and protection from permanent acoustic injury in mice. J Neurosci 19:10116–10124.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshida N, Hequembourg SJ, Atencio CA, Rosowski JJ, Liberman MC (2000) Acoustic injury in mice: 129/SvEv is exceptionally resistant to noise-induced hearing loss. Hear Res 141:97–106.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yousefi S, Perozzo R, Schmidt I, Ziemiecki A, Schaffner T, Scapozza L, Brunner T, Simon H-U (2006) Calpain-mediated cleavage of Atg-5 switches autophagy to apoptosis. Nat Cell Biol 8:1124–1132.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zafarullah M, Li WQ, Sylvester J, Ahmad M (2003) Molecular mechanisms of N-acetylcysteine actions. Cell Mol Life Sci 60:6–20.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao Y, Yamoah EN, Gillespie PG (1996) Regeneration of broken tip links and restoration of mechanical transduction in hair cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:15469–15474.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng JL, Gao WQ (1996) Differential damage to auditory neurons and hair cells by ototoxins and neuroprotection by specific neurotrophins in rat cochlear organotypic cultures. Eur J Neurosci 8:1897–1905.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng JL, Keller G, Gao WQ (1999) Immunocytochemical and morphological evidence for intracellular self-repair as an important contributor to mammalian hair cell recovery. J Neurosci 19:2161–2170.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou Z, Lie Q, Davis RL (2005) Complex regulation of spiral ganglion neuron firing patterns by neurotrophin-3. J Neurosci 25:7558–7566.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zine A, Van De Water TR (2004) The MAPL/JNK signaling pathway offers potential therapeutic targets for the prevention of acquired deafness. Curr Drug Targets CNS Neurol Disord 3:325–332.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zuo J, Curtis LM (1995) Glucocorticoid expression in the post natal rat cochlea. Hear Res 87:220–227

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Forge, A., Water, T.R.V. (2008). Protection and Repair of Inner Ear Sensory Cells. In: Salvi, R.J., Popper, A.N., Fay, R.R. (eds) Hair Cell Regeneration, Repair, and Protection. Springer Handbook of Auditory Research, vol 33. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73364-7_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics