Skip to main content

Entrepreneurship and Small Business Policies under the Presidential Administrations of Presidents Carter, Reagan, Bush and Clinton: 1977 to 2001

  • Chapter
Public Policy in an Entrepreneurial Economy

Part of the book series: International Studies in Entrepreneurship ((ISEN,volume 17))

Abstract

The author surveys the entrepreneurial and small business policies from Carter through Clinton, evaluating each based on how they fostered entrepreneurship, or small business ownership, and if these policies seek to create economic efficiency or target market equity for specific groups. It provides a theoretical framework for analyzing each administration’s major small business and entrepreneurship policies and examines each policy’s overall effects on small business and entrepreneurial activities, its qualifications as a target market equity or economic efficiency policy, and the policy’s beneficiaries. This discussion should provide policy makers, researchers, and academics the ability to recognize the types of policies which best foster entrepreneurial and small business activities, and also encourage policy makers to pursue these types of policies.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

2.9 References

  • Acs Zoltan J and Audertsch David (May 3, 2001) The Emergence of the Entrepreneurial Society. Presentation for the acceptance of the 2001 International Award for Entrepreship and Small Business Research. Stockholm

    Google Scholar 

  • Auerswald Philip E and Branscomb Lewis M (2003) From Start-ups and Spinoffs: Collective Entrepreneurship Between and Innovation in The Emergence of Entrepreneurship Policy, ed. Hart David. New York, Cambridge University Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Auerswald Philip E (May 7, 2006) The simple economics of technology entrepreneurship: Market failure reconsidered. George Mason University

    Google Scholar 

  • Black Sandra E, Strahan Philip E (2004) Business Formation and the Deregulation of the Banking Industry, in Public Policy and the Economics of Entrepreneurship eds. Holtz-Eakin Douglas, Rosen Harvey S. Cambridge, MIT Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Bremer Howard W (1998) University Technology Transfer: Evolution and Revolution. Council on Governmental Relations. Washington D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bush George H W (February 6, 1990) Economic Report of the President. Accompanying the 1990 Council of Economic Advisors Report to Congress. From http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/publications/ERP/ (accessed June 1, 2006.)

  • Bush George H W (February 12, 1991) Economic Report of the President. Accompanying the 1991 Council of Economic Advisors Report to Congress. Washington, D.C. From http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/publications/ERP/ (accessed June, 1 2006).

  • Bush George H W (January 13, 1993) Economic Report of the President. Accompanying the 1993 Council of Economic Advisors Report to Congress. Washington, D.C. From http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/publications/ERP/ (accessed June 1, 2006).

  • Carter Jimmy (January 20, 1978) Economic Report of the President. Accompanying the 1978 Council of Economic Advisors Report to Congress. Washington, D.C. From http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/publications/ERP/ (accessed June, 1 2006.)

  • Carter Jimmy (January 30, 1980-a) Economic Report of the President. Accompanying the 1980 Council of Economic Advisors Report to Congress. Washington, D.C. From http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/publications/ERP/ (accessed June 1, 2006).

  • Carter Jimmy (October 21, 1980-b) "Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980" statement on signing S.1250 into law. The American Presidency Project, www.americanpresidency.org (accessed October 11, 2006).

  • Carter Jimmy (January 17, 1981) Economic Report of the President. Accompanying the 1981 Council of Economic Advisors Report to Congress. Washington, D.C. From http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/publications/ERP/ (accessed June 1, 2006).

  • Clinton William (December 15, 1993) The President's News Conference. The American Presidency Project. From www.americanpresidency.org (accessed on October 18, 2006).

  • Clinton William (February 13, 1995) Economic Report of the President. Accompanying the 1995 Council of Economic Advisors Report to Congress. Washington, D.C. From http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/publications/ERP/ (accessed June 1, 2006).

  • Clinton William (October 8, 1998) White House Archives, Presidential Statement on passage of the Internet Tax Freedom Act, Office of the Press Secretary. From http://govinfo.libary.unt.edu/npr/library/news/10898.html (accessed October 16, 2006).

  • Colorado State University Research Foundation Technology Transfer Office (1999) What is Bayh-Dole and why is it important to Technology Transfer. Fort Collins. From http://www.csurf.org/enews/baydole_403.html (accessed October 11, 2006.)

  • Budget Office (May 2003) The Effects of NAFTA on U.S. Mexican Trade and GDP. Washington D.C. From http://www.cbo.gov (accessed October, 12, 2006.)

  • Cooney Stephen, Gleb Bernard, Pirog, Robert (September 9, 2005) Manufacturing Trends: Long Term Context for Today's Policy Issues. Congressional Research Service, RL32179. Washington D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crain W Mark (September 2005) The Impact of Regulatory Costs on Small Firms. SBA Office of Advocacy, No. 264. Washington D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Rugy Veronique (April 6, 2006) The Effectiveness of the Small Business Administration. Testimony before the U.S. Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. 109th Congress. Washington D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • General Accounting Office (July 2003) Technology Transfer: Agencies' rights to Federally Sponsored Biomedical Inventions. GAO-03-536. Washington D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (2004) Babson Park, MA, Babson College and the London Business School

    Google Scholar 

  • Gompers Paul A (Winter 1994) The Rise and Fall of Venture Capital. Business and Economic History, 23 no. 2

    Google Scholar 

  • Hart, David M (2003) Entrepreneurship Policy: What it is and Where it Came from in The Emergence of Entrepreneurship Policy, ed. Hart, David. New York, Cambridge University Press

    Google Scholar 

  • InflationData.com. "Historical Inflation Data from 1914 to the Present." Based on the Bureau of Labor Statistics consumer price index with 1982 base of 100. From http://www.inflationdata.com/inflation/ (accessed on October 11, 2006).

  • Lichtenberg Frank R (2004) Public Policy and Innovation in the U.S. Pharmaceutical Industry in Public Policy and the Economics of Entrepreneurship eds. Holtz-Eakin Douglas, Rosen Harvey S. Cambridge. MIT Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Morris Fransico (July, 2005) The U.S. Research and Experimentation Tax Credit in the 1990s. Info Brief Science Resources Statistics, National Science Foundation. NSF05-316. Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mossinghoff Gerald J (1998) Overview of the Hatch-Waxman Act and Its Impact on the Drug Development Process. J Food and Drug Law 54

    Google Scholar 

  • National Academies (2004) National Research Council SBIR Program Diversity and Assessment Challenges, Report of a Symposium. Washington D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicholson Walter (2005) Microeconomic Theory: Basic Principals and Extensions. Mason, Thompson South-Western

    Google Scholar 

  • Pulham Elliot G (March 1, 2006) A Day Without Space from The Case for Space. From www.spacefoundation.org (accessed October 9, 2006).

  • Reagan Ronald (February 2, 1983) Economic Report of the President. Accompanying the 1983 Council of Economic Advisors Report to Congress. Washington, D.C. From http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/publications/ERP/ (accessed June 1, 2006).

  • Reagan Ronald (February 19, 1988) Economic Report of the President. Accompanying the 1988 Council of Economic Advisors Report to Congress. Washington, D.C. From http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/publications/ERP/ (accessed June 1, 2006.

  • Reagan Ronald (January 10, 1989) Economic Report of the President. Accompanying the 1989 Council of Economic Advisors Report to Congress. Washington, D.C. From http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/publications/ERP/ (accessed June 1, 2006).

  • Wendy (August 3, 2006) Manufacturing Extension Partnership Program: An Overview. Congressional Research Service. 97-104. Washington D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schramm Carl J (January 6, 2006-a) Entrepreneurial Capitalism and the End of Bureaucracy: Reforming the Mutual Dialog of Risk Aversion. American Economic Association 2006 Meeting. Boston Massachusetts. From http://www.aeaweb.org/annual_mtg_papers/2006/0107_1015_0304.pdf (accessed on October, 6, 2006).

  • Schramm Carl J (April 8, 2006-b) Making the Turn: Entrepreneurial Capitalism and its European Promise. Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation. Kansas City From http://www.kaufman.org (accessed on October 6, 2006).

  • Small Business Act and Small Business Investment Act of 1958: Compilation. 109th Congress. 2nd ed, Committee Print. S.Prt 106-62. Washington D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • THOMAS.gov. 98th Congress, Library of Congress. National Cooperative Research Act of 1984. S. 1841. Washington D.C. From http://thomas.loc.gov (accessed October 12, 2006).

  • THOMAS.gov. 99th Congress, Library of Congress. Federal Technology Transfer Act of 1986. H.R. 3773. Washington D.C. From http:// thomas.loc.gov (accessed on October 13, 2006).

  • THOMAS. gov. 100th Congress, Library of Congress. National Institute of Standards and Technology Authorization of 1989. H.R. 4417. Washington D.C. From http://thomas.loc.gov (accessed on October 15, 2006).

  • THOMAS.gov. 101st Congress, Library of Congress. Fiscal Year 1991 Department of Defense Authorizations. H.R. 4739. Washington D.C. From http:// thomas.loc.gov (accessed on October 15, 2006.)

  • THOMAS.gov. 102nd Congress Library of Congress. Small Business Research and Development Enchancement Act of 1992. S. 2941. Washington D.C. From http://thomas.loc.gov (accessed on October 15, 2006).

  • THOMAS.gov. 103rd Congress, Library of Congress. Riegle-Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act of 1994. H.R. 3841. Washington D.C. From http://thomas.loc.gov (accessed October 16, 2006).

  • THOMAS.gov. 105th Congress, Library of Congress. Small Business Reauthorization Act of 1997. S. 1139. Washington D.C. From http://thomas.loc.gov (accessed on October 16, 2006).

  • THOMAS. gov. 105th Congress, Library of Congress. Internet Tax Freedom Act of 1998. S. 442 became part of H.R. 4328. Washington D.C. From http:// thomas.loc.gov (accessed October 16, 2006).

  • Turner James (Spring 2006) The Next Innovation Revolution: Laying the Groundwork for the United States. Innovations, MIT Press Journals. From http://www.mitpress.mit.edu/innovations (accessed on October 9, 2006.)

  • Turner Network Television (1999) Pirates of Silicone Valley

    Google Scholar 

  • United States Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. 1977 to 2006. Not seasonally adjusted unemployment rate - series id: LNU04000000. From http://www.data.bls.gov (accessed October 10, 2006).

  • United States Department of the Treasury. History of the U.S. Tax System: Fact Sheet: Taxes. Washington D.C. From http://www.ustreas.gov/education /factsheets/taxes/ustax.shtml (accessed on October 15, 2006).

  • United States Small Business Administration. (2004) Overview and History of the SBA: 50 Years of Service to America's Small Business, 1953-2003. From www. sba.gov (accessed September 7, 2006).

  • United States Small Business Administration. Regulatory Flexibility Act of 1980, P.L. 96-354. From http://www.sba.gov/ advo/regflex.html (accessed October 11, 2006).

  • United States Small Business Administration: Office of Advocacy (March 29,1996) The Small Business Regulatory Fairness Act, Title II, P.L.104-121. From http://www.sba.gov/advo/laws/sbrefa .html (access on October 16, 2006).

  • Weiss Eric N (January 20, 2006) Small Business Administration: Primer on Programs. Congressional Research Service, RL33243. Washington D.C.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Le, L. (2008). Entrepreneurship and Small Business Policies under the Presidential Administrations of Presidents Carter, Reagan, Bush and Clinton: 1977 to 2001. In: Acs, Z.J., Stough, R.R. (eds) Public Policy in an Entrepreneurial Economy. International Studies in Entrepreneurship, vol 17. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-72663-2_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics