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Concussion: Why Bother?

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Injuries in Athletics: Causes and Consequences

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The generally accepted definition of mild traumatic brain injury (commonly known as concussion) is as follows: “… a complex pathophysiological process affecting the brain, induced by traumatic biomechanical forces (McCrory et al., 2005). There are several additional features that may help in the definition of concussion. Specifically, the severity and duration of symptoms may dissociate mild, moderate and severe forms of traumatic brain injuries (TBI). The severity of TBI is typically categorized during the acute stages of injury on the basis of the presence and duration of three post-injury signs: (1) loss of consciousness (LOC), (2) retrograde amnesia (i.e., lack of memory and forgetting information about events that occurred prior to injury) and anterograde amnesia (i.e., lack of memory and forgetting information about events that occurred after the injury), and (3) presence/absence of brain structural and functional alterations as a result of injury (i.e., brain lesion, abnormal EEG/MRI etc.). Overall, based on the presence and duration/severity of these aforementioned signs and symptoms, a TBI is classified as mild (concussion), moderate or severe. Moderate and severe TBI typically involve prolonged (e.g., several hours/days) LOC and amnesia and possibly varying sizes of brain structural abnormalities.

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(2008). Concussion: Why Bother?. In: Injuries in Athletics: Causes and Consequences. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-72577-2_17

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