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Cereals pp 99–126Cite as

Rice Breeding

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Part of the book series: Handbook of Plant Breeding ((HBPB,volume 3))

Rice is the world’s most important food crop with a total production around 600 million ton occupying 11% of the world’s total arable land; it supplies 2,808 calories/person/day, which represents 21% of the total calorie supply. It is source of income for more than 100 million householders around the world (IRRI, 2002). It is one of the crops responsible for the so-called green revolution that happened in the 1960s and 1970s. In addition of having strong breeding programs in all different regions around the world, this crop has three Consultative Groups on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) centers with the mandate to work with rice: the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), with global mandate; the West Africa Rice Development Association (WARDA), with mandate to work in West Africa; and the International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), with the regional mandate for Latin America.

International centers made a tremendous effort to educate and train rice breeders at the time of the green revolution. Today, 25–35 years later most of the rice breeders working in national programs around theworld represent that period. The international germplasm evaluation nurseries [International Rice Testing Program (IRTP) and International Network for the Genetic Evaluation of Rice (INGER)] were excellent tools to provide new breeders with improved breeding lines as well as additional opportunities for training, including hands-on exercises on breeding techniques.

This chapter aims at proving general information on the following matters: the sources of genetic diversity available to breeders; criteria to be considered when selecting parental material to generate genetic variability for variety development; the most relevant breeding achievements; rice breeding methods used around the world, how biotechnology has been integrated into breeding programs, genetic seed production strategy; and elements related to the world’s capacity to carry out rice breeding programs.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    A Full Time Equivalent (FTE) is the work done by a person who has any responsibility linked to plant breeding (genetic enhancement, line development, line evaluation, or genetic studies) during one year (365 days).

  2. 2.

    The survey considered as plant breeders all scientific personnel with a plant breeding degree and also the ones directly involved in plant breeding activities.

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    Elcio P. Guimarães

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    Guimarães, E. (2009). Rice Breeding. In: Carena, M. (eds) Cereals. Handbook of Plant Breeding, vol 3. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-72297-9_2

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