Myelination in the central nervous system (CNS) is carried out by oligodendrocytes. These cells produce myelin, a lipid-rich biological membrane, which forms multilamellar, spirally wrapped sheets around axons. Myelination allows rapid saltatory conduction of action potentials, and contributes to the maintenance of axonal integrity. The devastating neurological effects caused by demyelinating CNS diseases illustrate the importance of the process.
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Bruce, C.C., Franklin, R.J.M., Relvas, J.B. (2007). Remyelination of the Central Nervous System. In: Malva, J.O., Rego, A.C., Cunha, R.A., Oliveira, C.R. (eds) Interaction Between Neurons and Glia in Aging and Disease. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-70830-0_19
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