Skip to main content

Urbanicity, Urbanization, and the Urban Environment

  • Chapter
Macrosocial Determinants of Population Health

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Andrulis, D. P. 1997 The urban health penalty: New dimensions and directions in inner-city health care. In American College of Physicians (Ed.), Inner city health care.Philadelphia: American College of Physicians.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arriaga, E. E. 1970 A new approach to the measurements of urbanization. Economic Development & Cultural Change, 18,206–219.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bain, K., & Hicks, N. 1998 Building social capital and reaching out to excluded groups: The challenge of partnerships. Presentation at: CELAM meeting on the struggle against poverty towards the turn of the millennium, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berkman, L. F., & Kawachi, I. 2000 Social epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Birenbaum, A., & Sagarin, E. 1976 Norms and human behavior. New York: Praeger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bond, K. C., Valente, T. W., & Kendall, C. 1999 Social network influences on reproductive health behaviors in urban northern Thailand. Social Science & Medicine, 49,1599–1614.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brieger, G. H. 1966 Sanitary reform in New York City: Stephen Smith and the passage of the Metropolitan Health Bill. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 40,407–429.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, D., Spear, S., Scribner, R., Kissinger, P., Mason, K., & Wildgen, J. 2000 “Broken windows” and the risk of gonorrhea. American Journal of Public Health, 90,230–236.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, J. S. 1990 Foundations of social theory.Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Colon, H. M., Robles, R. R., Deren, S., Sahai, H., Finlinson, H. A., Andia, J., et al. 2001 Between-city variation in frequency of injection among Puerto Rican injection drug users: East Harlem, New York, and Bayamon, Puerto Rico. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 27,405–413.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cook, R. L., Royce, R. A., Thomas, J. C., & Hanusa, B. H. 1999 What’s driving an epidemic? The spread of syphilis along an interstate highway in rural North Carolina. American Journal of Public Health, 89,369–373.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coutts, A., & Kawachi, I. 2006 The urban social environment and its effects on health. In N. Freudenberg, S. Galea, & D. Vlahov (Eds.), Cities and the health of the public. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, M. 2006 Planet of slums. New York: Verso.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deren, S., Robles, R., Andia, J., Colon, H. M., Kang, S. Y., & Perlis, T. 2001 Trends in HIV seroprevalence and needle sharing among Puerto Rican drug injectors in Puerto Rico and New York: 1992–1999. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 26,164–169.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Silva, M. J., & Harpham, T. 2006 Maternal social capital and child nutritional status in four developing countries. Health & Place, Epub ahead of print.

    Google Scholar 

  • Drukker, M., Buka, S. L., Kaplan, C., McKenzie, K., & Van, O. J. 2005 Social capital and young adolescents’ perceived health in different sociocultural settings. Social Science & Medicine, 61,185–198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frieden, T. R., Mostashari, F., Kerker, B. D., Miller, N., Hajat, A., & Frankel, M. 2005 Adult tobacco use levels after intensive tobacco control measures: New York City, 2002–2003. American Journal of Public Health, 95,1016–1023.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Frye, V., Latka, M. H., Koblin, B., Halkitas, P. N., Putnam, S., Galea, S., et al. 2006 The urban environment and sexual risk behavior among men who have sex with men. Journal of Urban Health, 83,308–324.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Galea, S., Freudenberg, N., Vlahov, D. 2005 Cities and population health. Social Science & Medicine, 60(5),1017–1033.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Galea, S., & Vlahov, D. (2005a). Urban health: Evidence, challenges, and directions. Annual Review of Public Health, 26, 341–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Galea, S., & Vlahov, D. (2005b) Handbook of Urban Health: Populations, methods, and practice.Springer Science and Business Media Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garreau, J. 1991 Edge city: Life on the new frontier. New York: Doubleday.

    Google Scholar 

  • Godfrey, R., & Julien, M. 2005 Urbanisation and health. Clinical Medicine, 5,137–141.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon-Larsen, P., Nelson, M. C., Page, P., & Popkin, B. M. 2006 Inequality in the built environment underlies key health disparities in physical activity and obesity. Pediatrics, 117,417–424.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hahn, R. A., Eaker, E. D., Barker, N. D., Teutsch, S. M., Sosniak, W. A., & Krieger, N. 1996 Poverty and death in the United States. International Journal of Health Services, 26,673–690.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herold, M., Goldstein, N. C., & Clarke, K. C. 2003 The spatiotemporal form of urban growth: Measurement, analysis and modeling. Remote Sensing of Environment, 86,286–303.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hinrichsen, D., Blackburn, R., & Robey, B. 2001 Cities at the forefront – population growth and urbanization. Population Reports, preview edition.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kawachi, I., & Berkman, L. 2003 Neighborhoods and health. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kawachi, I., Kennedy, B. P., Lochner, K., & Prothrow-Stith, D. 1997 Social capital, income inequality, and mortality. American Journal of Public Health, 87,1491–1498.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy, B. P., Kawachi, I., Prothrow-Stith, D., Lochner, K., & Gupta, V. 1998 Social capital, income inequality, and firearm violent crime. Social Science & Medicine, 47,7–17.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klitzman, S., Matte, T. D., & Kass, D. E. 2006 The urban physical environment and its effects on health. In N. Freudenberg, S. Galea, & D. Vlahov (Eds.), Cities and the health of the public.Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krieger, N., Chen, J. T., Waterman, P. D., Soobader, M. J., Subramanian, S. V., & Carson, R. 2003 Choosing area based socioeconomic measures to monitor social inequalities in low birth weight and childhood lead poisoning: The Public Health Disparities Geocoding Project (US). Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 57,186–199.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leviton, L. C., Snell, E., & McGinnis, M. 2000 Urban issues in health promotion strategies. American Journal of Public Health, 90,863–866.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lochner, K., Kawachi, I., & Kennedy, B. P. 1999 Social capital: A guide to its measurement. Health & Place, 5, 259–270.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luke, D. A. 2004 Multilevel modeling. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy, M. 2000 Social determinants and inequalities in urban health. Reviews on Environmental Health, 15,97–108.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McDade, T. W., & Adair, L. S. 2001 Defining the “urban” in urbanization and health: A factor analysis approach. Social Science & Medicine, 53,55–70.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McMichael, A. J. 2000 The urban environment and health in a world of increasing globalization: Issues for developing countries. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 78,1117–1126.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Park, R. E., & Burgess, E. W. 1925 The city. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pilkington, P. 2002 Social capital and health: Measuring and understanding social capital at a local level could help to tackle health inequalities more effectively. Journal of Public Health Medicine, 24, 156–159.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Putnam, R. D. 1993 Making democracy work: Civic traditions in modern Italy.Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramadan, E., Feng, X. Z., & Cheng, Z. 2004 Satellite remote sensing for urban growth assessment in Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province. Journal of Zhejiang University Science, 5,1095–1101.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ruchirawat, M., Navasumrit, P., Settachan, D., Tuntaviroon, J., Buthbumrung, N., & Sharma, S. 2005 Measurement of genotoxic air pollutant exposures in street vendors and school children in and near Bangkok. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 206,207–214.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sampson, R. J., Raudenbush, S. W., & Earls, F. 1997 Neighborhoods and violent crime: A multilevel study of collective efficacy. Science, 277,918–924.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takano, T., Nakamura, K., & Watanabe, M. 2002 Urban residential environments and senior citizens’ longevity in megacity areas: The importance of walkable green spaces. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 56,913–918.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, W. I., & Znaniecki, F. 1999 The concept of social disorganization, reprinted from The Polish peasant in Europe and America, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1918. In S. H. Traub & C. B. Little (Eds.), Theories of deviance.5th edition. Itasca, Il: F.E. Peacock.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations. 2004 World urbanization prospects: The 2003 revision, data tables and highlights. New York: United Nations.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations. 2006 World urbanization prospects: The 2005 revision population database. New York: United Nations.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT). 2004 Second session of the World Urban Forum: Executive summary.Geneva: United Nations.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vermeiren, R., Schwab-Stone, M., Deboutte, D., Leckman, P. E., & Ruchkin, V. 2003 Violence exposure and substance use in adolescents: Findings from three countries. Pediatrics, 111,535–540.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vlahov, D., Galea, S., & Freudenberg, N. 2005 The urban health “advantage”. Journal of Urban Health, 82,1–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vlahov, D., Gibble, E., Freudenberg, N., & Galea, S. 2004 Cities and health: History, approaches, and key questions. Academic Medicine, 79,1133–1138.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wandersman, A., & Nation, M. 1998 Urban neighborhoods and mental health – psychological contributions to understanding toxicity, resilience, and interventions. American Psychologist, 53,647–656.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weich, S., Burton, E., Blanchard, M., Prince, M., Sproston, K., & Erens, B. 2001 Measuring the built environment: Validity of a site survey instrument for use in urban settings. Health & Place, 7,283–292.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, J. Q., & Kelling, G. L. 1982 Broken windows: The police and neighborhood safety. The Atlantic Monthly, 249,29–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization. 2005 Global health atlas. New York: World Health Organization.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zierler, S., Krieger, N., Tang, Y., Coady, W., Siegfried, E., DeMaria, A., et al. 2000 Economic deprivation and AIDS incidence in Massachusetts. American Journal of Public Health, 90,1064–1073.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ompad, D.C., Galea, S., Vlahov, D. (2007). Urbanicity, Urbanization, and the Urban Environment. In: Macrosocial Determinants of Population Health. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-70812-6_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-70812-6_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-387-70811-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-387-70812-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics