Abstract
It is generally accepted that the energy that drives coronal mass ejections (CMEs) is magnetic in origin. Sheared and twisted coronal fields can store free magnetic energy which ultimately is released in the CME. We explore the possibility of the specific magnetic configuration of a magnetic flux rope of field lines that twist about an axial field line. The flux rope model predicts coronal observables, including heating along forward or inverse S-shaped, or sigmoid, topological surfaces. Therefore, studying the observed evolution of such sigmoids prior to, during, and after the CME gives us crucial insight into the physics of coronal storage and release of magnetic energy. In particular, we consider (1) soft-X-ray sigmoids, both transient and persistent; (2) The formation of a current sheet and cusp-shaped post-flare loops below the CME; (3) Reappearance of sigmoids after CMEs; (4) Partially erupting filaments; (5) Magnetic cloud observations of filament material.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abbett, W. P., and Fisher, G. H.: 2003, Astrophys. Journ. 582, 475.
Anzer, U., and Pneuman, G. W.: 1982, Solar Phys. 79, 129.
Amari, T. et al.: 2000, Astrophys. Journ. 529, L49.
Amari, T. et al.: 2003a, Astrophys. Journ. 585, 1073.
Amari, T. et al.: 2003b, Astrophys. Journ. 95, 1231.
Arber, T. D., Longbottom, A. W., and van der Linden, R. A. M.: 1999, Astrophys. Journ. 517, 990.
Archontis, V. et al.: 2004, Astron. and Astrophys. 426, 1047.
Aulanier, G., Démoulin, P., and Grappin, R.: 2005a, A&A 430, 1067.
Aulanier, G., Pariat, E., and Démoulin, P.: 2005b, A&A 444, 961.
Berger, M. A., and Field, G. B.: 1984, J. Fluid Mech. 147, 133.
Brown, D. S. et al.: 2003, Solar Phys. 216, 79.
Burlaga, L. et al.: 1982, Geophys. Res. Lett. 9, 1317.
Canfield, R. C., Hudson, H. S., and Pevtsov, A. A.: 2000, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 28, 1786.
Chen, J., and Krall, J.: 2003, Journ. Geophys. Res. 108, CiteID 14010.
Fan, Y.: 2005, Astrophys. Journ. 630, 543.
Fan, Y.: 2001, Astrophys. Journ. 554, L111.
Fan, Y., and Gibson, S. E.: 2006, ApJL 641, L149.
Fan, Y., and Gibson, S. E.: 2004, Astrophys. Journ. 609, 1123.
Fan, Y., and Gibson, S. E.: 2003, Astrophys. Journ. Lett. 589, L505.
Galsgaard, K., Titov, V. S., and Neukirch, T.: 2003, ApJ 595, 506.
Gerrard, C. L., Arber, T. D., Hood, A.W., and van der Linden, R. A. M.: 2001, Astron. and Astrophys. 373, 1089.
Gibson, S. E., and Fan, Y.: 2006, ApJL 637, L65.
Gibson, S. E. et al.: 2004, Astrophys. Journ. 617, 600.
Gibson, S. E. et al., 2002, Astrophys. Journ. 574, 1021.
Gilbert, H. R., Holzer, T. E., Low, B. C., and Burkepile, J. T.: 2000, Astrophys. Journ. 549, 1221.
Gorbachev, V. S., and Somov, B. V.: 1988, Solar Phys. 117, 77.
Gloeckler, G. et al.: 1999, Geophys. Res. Lett. 26, 157.
Hagyard, M. J., Teuber, D., West, E. A., and Smith, J. B.: 1984, Solar Phys. 91, 115.
Hudson, H. S. et al.: 1998, Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 248.
Kliem, B., Titov, V. S., and Török, T.: 2004, Astron. and Astrophys. 413, L23.
Kusano, K.: 2005, Astrophys. Journ. 631, 1260.
Leka, K. D., Canfield, R. C., McClymont, A. N., and van Driel-Gesztelyi, L.: 1996, Astrophys. Journ. 462, 547.
Lites, B. W. et al.: 1995, Astrophys. Journ. 446, 877.
Lites, B. W., and Low, B. C.: 1997, Solar Phys. 174, 91.
Low, B. C.: 1996, Solar Physics 167, 217.
Low, B. C., and Berger, M.: 2003 Astrophys. Journ. 589, 644.
Lynch, B. J. et al.: 2004, Astrophys. Journ. 617, 589.
MacNeice, P. et al.: 2004, Astrophys. Journ. 614, 1028.
Magara, T., and Longcope, D.: 2003, Astrophys. Journ. 586, 630.
Magara, T., and Longcope, D.: 2001, Astrophys. Journ. Lett. 559, L55.
Manchester, W. et al.: 2004a, Journ. Geophys. Res. 109, CiteID A01102.
Manchester, W., Gombosi, T., DeZeeuw, D., and Fan, Y.: 2004b, Astrophys. Journ. 610, 588.
Manoharan, P. K., van Driel-Gesztelyi, L., Pick, M., and Demoulin, P.: 1996, Astrophys. Journ. Lett. 468, L73.
Martin, S. F., Marquette, W. H., and Bilimoria, R., 1992, in K. Harvey (ed.), ASP Conf. Proc. 27, The Solar Cycle, (San Francisco: ASP), 53.
Martin, S. F., Bilimoria, R., and Tracadas, P. W.: 1994, in R. J. Rutten and C. J. Schrijver (eds.), (NATO ASI Ser. C, 433) Solar Surface Magnetism, (Dordrecht: Kluwer), 303.
Parker, E. N.: 1994, Spontaneous Current Sheets in Magnetic Fields, Oxford University Press, New York.
Pevtsov, A. A., Canfield, R. C., and Metcalf, T. R.: 1995, ApJ 440, L109.
Pevtsov, A. A., Canfield, R. C., and Zirin, H.: 1996, Astrophys. Journ. 473, 533.
Pevtsov, A. A., and Canfield, R. C.: 1999, Magnetic Helicity in Space and Laboratory Plasmas, in M. R., Brown, R. C. Canfield, and A. A. Pevtsov, (eds.), Geophys. Monogr. Ser., AGU, Washington D. C., vol. 111, 103.
Pevtsov, A. A., Canfield, R. C., and Latushko, S. M.: 2001, Astrophys. Journ. Lett. 549, L261.
Pevtsov, A. A.: 2002, Sol. Phys. 207, 111.
Pevtsov, A. A.: 2002, Yohkoh 10th Anniversary Meeting Proceedings, eds. Martens and Cauffman, COSPAR Colloquia Series, Elsevier, 125.
Rosenbluth, M. N., Dagazian, R. Y., and Rutherford, H. P.: 1973, Phys. Fluids 16, 1894.
Roussev, I. I. et al.: 2003, Astrophys. Journ. 588, L45.
Rust, D. M., and Kumar, A.: 1994, Solar Phys. 155, 69.
Rust, D. M., and Kumar, A.: 1996, Astrophys. Journ. Lett. 464, L199.
Rust, D. M.: 2003, Adv. in Space Res. 32, 1895.
Seehafer, N.: 1990, Sol. Phys. 125, 219.
Skoug, R. et al.: 1999, Geophys. Res. Lett. 26, 161.
Sterling, A. C., and Hudson H. S.: 1997, Astrophys. Journ. Lett. 491, L55.
Tanaka, K.: 1991, Sol. Phys. 136, 133.
Tang, F.: 1986, Sol. Phys. 105, 399.
Titov, V. S., and Demoulin, P.: 1999, Astron. Astrophys. 351, 70.
Titov, V. S., Galsgaard, K., and Neukirch, T.: 2003, ApJ 582, 1172.
Török, T., and Kliem, B. 2003, A&A 406, 1043.
Török, T., Kliem B., and Titov, V. S.: 2004, Astron. and Astrophys. 413, L27.
Török, T., and Kliem, B.: 2005, Astrophys. Journ. Lett. 630, L97.
Yokoyama, T., and Shibata, K.: 1998, Astrophys. Journ. Lett. 494, L113.
Zurbuchen, T. H., et al.: 2005, AGU Spring meeting 2005, abstract SH54B-04.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gibson, S.E., Fan, Y., Török, T., Kliem, B. (2007). The Evolving Sigmoid: Evidence for Magnetic Flux Ropes in the Corona Before, During, and after CMES. In: Baker, D.N., Klecker, B., Schwartz, S.J., Schwenn, R., Von Steiger, R. (eds) Solar Dynamics and Its Effects on the Heliosphere and Earth. Space Sciences Series of ISSI, vol 22. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-69532-7_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-69532-7_10
Received:
Accepted:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-69531-0
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-69532-7
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)