The evaluation of intraocular tumors differs from almost all other oncologic evaluations because there is little reliance on tissue diagnosis. Definitive therapies such as enucleation and radiation are usually based on the results of ophthalmoscopy, and a limited number of ancillary studies without the aid of biopsy. Although biopsies can be performed on most intraocular tumors, the ocular morbidity associated with these procedures is usually not worth the added benefit of a tissue diagnosis.
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Arevalo, J.F., Shields, C.L., Shields, J.A., Materin, M.A., Mendoza, A.J. (2009). Angiography of Retinal and Choroidal Tumors. In: Arevalo, J.F. (eds) Retinal Angiography and Optical Coherence Tomography. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-68987-6_8
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