Skip to main content

Epidemiology of EBV Infection

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Andersson-Ellstrom A, Bergstrom T, Svennerholm B, Milsom I (1997) Epstein-Barr virus DNA in the uterine cervix of teenage girls. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 76: 779–783

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baer R et al. (1984) DNA sequence and expression of the B95-8 Epstein-Barr virus genome. Nature 310: 207–211

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Biggar RJ, Henle G, Bocker J, Lennette ET, Fleisher G, Henle W (1978a) Primary Epstein-Barr virus infections in African infants.II. Clinical and serological observations during seroconversion. Int J Cancer 22: 244–250.

    Google Scholar 

  • Biggar RJ, Henle W, Fleisher G, Bocker J, Lennette ET, Henle G (1978b) Primary Epstein-Barr virus infections in African infants. I. Decline of maternal antibodies and time of infection. Int J Cancer 22: 239–243

    Google Scholar 

  • Black FL, Woodall JP, Evans AS, Liebhaber H, Henle G (1970) Prevalence of antibody against viruses in the Tiriyo, an isolated Amazon tribe. Am J Epidemiol 91: 430–438

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buck M, Cross S, Krauer K, Kienzle N, Sculley TB (1999) A-type and B-type Epstein-Barr virus differ in their ability to spontaneously enter the lytic cycle. J Gen Virol 80 (Pt 2): 441–445

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cen H, Breinig MC, Atchison RW, Ho M, McKnight JLC (1991) Epstein-Barr virus transmission via the donor organs in solid organ transplantaion: polymerase shain reaction and restriction frgament length polymorphism analysis of IR2, IR3, and IR4. J. Virol. 65: 976–980

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chan KH, Tam JS, Peiris JS, Seto WH, Ng MH (2001) Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in infancy. J Clin Virol 21: 57–62.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chang ET, Adami HO (2006) The enigmatic epidemiology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 15: 1765–1777

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crawford DH et al. (2002) Sexual history and Epstein-Barr virus infection. J Infect Dis 186: 731–736

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dambaugh T, Hennessy K, Chamnankit L, Kieff E (1984) U2 region of Epstein-Barr virus DNA may encode Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81: 7632–7636

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • de The G (1982) Epidemiology of Epstein-Barr Virus and Associated Diseases in Man. In: Roizman B (ed) The Herpesviruses. Plenum Press, pp25–103

    Google Scholar 

  • de-The G (1977) Is Burkitt's lymphoma related to perinatal infection by Epstein-Barr virus? Lancet 1: 335–338

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • de-The G (1980) Role of Epsetin-Barr virus in human diseases: infectious mononucleosis, Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In: Klein G (ed) Viral Oncology. Raven Press, New York, pp 769–798

    Google Scholar 

  • Dolan A, Addison C, Gatherer D, Davison AJ, McGeoch DJ (2006) The genome of Epstein-Barr virus type 2 strain AG876. Virology 350: 164–170

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Enbom M, Strand A, Falk KI, Linde A (2001) Detection of Epstein-Barr virus, but not human herpesvirus 8, DNA in cervical secretions from Swedish women by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Sex Trans Dis 28: 300–306

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fachiroh J et al. (2006) Single-assay combination of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) EBNA1- and viral capsid antigen-p18-derived synthetic peptides for measuring anti-EBV immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA antibody levels in sera from nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients: options for field screening. J Clin Microbiol 44: 1459–1467

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fafi-Kremer S et al. (2005) A prospective follow-up of Epstein-Barr virus LMP1 genotypes in saliva and blood during infectious mononucleosis. J Infect Dis 192: 2108–2111

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Falk KI, Zou JZ, Lucht E, Linde A, Ernberg I (1997) Direct identification by PCR of EBV types and variants in clinical samples. J Med Virol 51: 355–363

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fleisher G, Henle W, Henle G, Lennette ET, Biggar RJ (1979) Primary infection with Epstein-Barr virus in infants in the United States: clinical and serologic observations. J Infect Dis 139: 553–558.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geser A, de The G, Lenoir G, Day NE, Williams EH (1982) Final case reporting from the Ugandan prospective study of the relationship between EBV and Burkitt's lymphoma. Int J Cancer 29: 397–400.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glaser SL et al. (2005) Exposure to childhood infections and risk of Epstein-Barr virus – defined Hodgkin's lymphoma in women. Int J Cancer 115: 599–605

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glaser SL et al. (1997) Epstein-Barr virus-associated Hodgkin's disease: epidemiologic characteristics in international data. Int J Cancer 70: 375–382.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gratama JW et al. (1994) Detection of multiple 'Ebnotypes' in individual Epstein-Barr virus carriers following lymphocyte transformation by virus derived from peripheral blood and oropharynx. J Gen Virol 75 (Pt 1): 85–94

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gratama JW, Oosterveer MAP, Klein G, Ernberg I (1990) EBNA size polymorphism can be used to trace epstein-barr virus spread within families. J Virol 64: 4703–4708

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haque T et al. (1996) Transmission of donor Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in transplanted organs causes lymphoproliferative disease in EBV-seronegative recipients. J Gen Virol 77 (Pt 6): 1169–1172

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henle G, Henle W (1966) Immunofluorescence in cells derived from Burkitt's lymphoma. J.Bacteriol. 91: 1248–1256

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henle G, Henle W (1970) Observations on childhood infections with the Epstein-Barr virus. J Infect Dis 121: 303–310.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henle G et al. (1969) Antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus in Burkitt's lymphoma and control groups. J Natl Cancer Inst 43: 1147–1157.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henle W, Henle G (1980) Epidemiologic aspects of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated diseases. Ann NY Acad Sci 354: 326–331

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Higgins CD et al. (2007) A study of risk factors for acquisition of Epstein-Barr virus and its subtypes. J Infect Dis 195: 474–482

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Israele V, Shirley P, Sixbey JW (1991) Excretion of the Epstein-Barr virus from the genital tract of men. J Infect Dis 163: 1341–1343

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Katz BZ, Niederman JC, Olson BA, Miller G (1988) Fragment length polymorphisms among independent isolates of Epstein-Barr virus from immunocompromised and normal hosts. J Infec Dis 157: 299–308

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaye KM, Isumi KM, Kieff E (1993) Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 is essential for B-lymphocyte growth transformation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90: 9150–9154

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khanim F, Yao Q, Niedobitek G, Sihota S, Rickinson AB, Young LS (1996) Analysis of Epstein-Barr virus gene polymorphisms in normal donors and in virus-assosiated tumors from different geographic locations. Blood 88: 3491–3501

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kimura H et al. (1999) Quantitative analysis of Epstein-Barr virus load by using a real-time PCR assay. J Clin Microbiol 37: 132–136.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lang DJ, Garruto RM, Gajdusek DC (1977) Early acquisition of cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus antibody in several isolated Melanesian populations. Am J Epidemiol 105: 480–487

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ling PD et al. (2003) The dynamics of herpesvirus and polyomavirus reactivation and shedding in healthy adults: a 14-month longitudinal study. J Infect Dis 187: 1571–1580

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martro E et al. (2004) Comparison of human herpesvirus 8 and Epstein-Barr virus seropositivity among children in areas endemic and non-endemic for Kaposi's sarcoma. J Med Virol 72: 126–131

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mbulaiteye SM et al. (2006) High levels of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in saliva and peripheral blood from Ugandan mother-child pairs. J Infect Dis 193: 422–426

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miller G, Niederman JC, Andrews LL (1973) Prolonged oropharyngeal excretion of Epstein-Barr virus after infectious mononucleosis. N Engl J Med 288: 229–232

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller WE, Edwards RH, Walling DM, Raab-Traub N (1994) Sequence variation in the Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1. J Gen Virol 75 (Pt 10): 2729–2740

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miyashita EM, Yang B, Babcock GJ, Thorley-Lawson DA (1997) Identification of the site of Epstein-Barr virus persistence in vivo as a resting B cell. J Virol 71: 4882–4891.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moormann AM et al. (2005) Exposure to holoendemic malaria results in elevated epstein-barr virus loads in children. J Infect Dis 191: 1233–1238

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Morrow RH (1985) Epidemiological evidence for the role of faciparum malaria in the pathogenesis of Burkitt's lymphoma. In: Lenoir G, O'Connor G, Olweny C (eds) Burkitt's Lymphoma: a human cancer model. IARC Press, Lyons, pp 177–185

    Google Scholar 

  • Pizzo PA, Magrath IT, Chattopadhyay SK, Biggar RJ, Gerber P (1978) A new tumour-derived transforming strain of Epstein-Barr virus. Nature 272: 629–631

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rasti N et al. (2005) Circulating Epstein-Barr virus in children living in malaria-endemic areas. Scand J Immunol 61: 461–465

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rickinson AB, Kieff E (2001) Epstein-Barr virus. In: Knipe DM, Howley PM (eds) Fields Virology. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, pp 2575–2627

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowe DT et al. (1997) Use of quantitative competitive PCR to measure Epstein-Barr virus genome load in the peripheral blood of pediatric transplant patients with lymphoproliferative disorders. J Clin Microbiol 35: 1612–1615.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rowe DT, Webber S, Schauer EM, Reyes J, Green M (2001) Epstein-Barr virus load monitoring: its role in the prevention and management of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease. Transpl Infect Dis 3: 79–87.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rowe M, Young LS, Cadwallader K, Petti L, Kieff E, Rickinson AB (1989) Distinction between Epstein-Barr virus type A (EBNA 2A) and type B (EBNA 2B) isolates extends to the EBNA 3 family of nuclear proteins. J Virol 63: 1031–1039

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sample J, Young L, Martin B, Chatman T, al. e (1990) Epstein-Barr virus types 1 and 2 differ in their EBNA-3A, EBNA-3B, and EBNA-3C genes. J Virol 64: 4084–4092

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sculley TB et al. (1989) Expression of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigens 3, 4, and 6 are altered in cell lines containing B-type virus. Virology 171: 401–408

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sitki-Green D, Covington M, Raab-Traub N (2003) Compartmentalization and transmission of multiple epstein-barr virus strains in asymptomatic carriers. J Virol 77: 1840–1847

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sitki-Green DL, Edwards RH, Covington MM, Raab-Traub N (2004) Biology of Epstein-Barr virus during infectious mononucleosis. J Infect Dis 189: 483–492

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sixbey JW, Lemon SM, Pagano JS (1986) A second site for Epstein-Barr virus shedding: the uterine cervix. Lancet 2: 1122–1124

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sixbey JW, Shirley P, Chesney PJ, Buntin DM, Resnick L (1989) Detection of a second widespread strain of Epstein-Barr virus. Lancet 2: 761–765

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stevens SJ, Pronk I, Middeldorp JM (2001) Toward standardization of Epstein-Barr virus DNA load monitoring: unfractionated whole blood as preferred clinical specimen. J Clin Microbiol 39: 1211–1216.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stevens SJ, Vervoort MB, van den Brule AJ, Meenhorst PL, Meijer CJ, Middeldorp JM (1999) Monitoring of Epstein-Barr virus DNA load in peripheral blood by quantitative competitive PCR. J Clin Microbiol 37: 2852–2857.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tierney RJ et al. (2006) Multiple Epstein-Barr virus strains in patients with infectious mononucleosis: comparison of ex vivo samples with in vitro isolates by use of heteroduplex tracking assays. J Infect Dis 193: 287–297

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsega E, Mengesha B, Hansson BG, Nordenfelt E, Lindberg J (1987) Serological and demographic survey of Epstein-Barr virus infection in Ethiopia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 81: 677–680

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van Baarle D et al. (2000) High prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus type 2 among homosexual men is caused by sexual transmission. J Infect Dis 181: 2045–2049

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Walling DM, Brown AL, Etienne W, Keitel WA, Ling PD (2003) Multiple Epstein-Barr virus infections in healthy individuals. J Virol 77: 6546–6550

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Woodman CB et al. (2005) Role of sexual behavior in the acquisition of asymptomatic Epstein-Barr virus infection: a longitudinal study. Pediatr Infect Dis J 24: 498–502

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yao QY, Rickinson AB, Epstein MA (1985) A re-examination of the Epstein-Barr virus carrier state in healthy seropositive individuals. Internatl. J Cancer 35: 35–42

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yao QY, Rowe M, Martin B, Young LS, Rickinson AB (1991a) The Epstein-Barr virus carrier state: Dominance of a single growth-transforming isolate in the blood and in the oropharynx of healthy virus carriers. J Gen Virol 72: 1579–1590

    Google Scholar 

  • Yao QY, Rowe M, Martin B, Young LS, Rickinson AB (1991b) The Epstein-Barr virus carrier state: dominance of a single growth-transforming isolate in the blood and in the oropharynx of healthy virus carriers. J Gen Virol 72 (Pt 7): 1579–1590

    Google Scholar 

  • Yao QY et al. (1996) Frequency of multiple Epstein-Barr virus infections in T-cell-immunocompromised individuals. J Virol 70: 4884–4894

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yone CL, Kube D, Kremsner PG, Luty AJ (2006) Persistent Epstein-Barr viral reactivation in young African children with a history of severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 100: 669–676

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zimber U et al. (1986) Geographical prevalence of two types of Epstein-Barr virus. Virology 154: 56–66

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rosemary Rochford .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Springer Science + Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Rochford, R. (2009). Epidemiology of EBV Infection. In: Damania, B., Pipas, J.M. (eds) DNA Tumor Viruses. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-68945-6_9

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics