Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
SpringerLink
Log in

Transfusion Therapy

  • Chapter
Surgery

  • 455 Accesses

Abstract

In the United States in 2001, approximately 15 million units of blood were collected according to the National Blood Data Resource Center, representing an increase compared to prior years (Fig. 9.1).1 Approximately 40,000 units of blood are used each day in the United States,- every few seconds someone receives a blood transfusion. The majority of the red blood cell (RBC) transfusions in the United States are administered to elective surgical patients (55%) and medical patients with chronic anemia (30%), and only 15% are utilized for trauma and other emergencies. As of November 2000, the American Red Cross (ARC) managed about 45% of the U.S. blood supply, The American Association of Blood Banks (AABB) managed about 45%, and others, such as United Blood Services, managed the remaining 10%.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 219.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. http://www.aabb.org/About_the_AABB/Nbdrc/index.htm.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Butch SH, Davenport RD, Cooling L. Blood transfusion policies and standard practices of the University of Michigan, July 2004. Available at: http://www.pathology.med.umich.edu/bloodbank/manual/.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Brien WF, Butler RJ, Inwood MJ. An audit of blood component therapy in a Canadian general teaching hospital. CMAJ 1989;140:812–815.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Ghali WA, Palepu A, Paterson WG. Evaluation of red blood cell transfusion practices with the use of preset criteria. CMAJ 1994;150:1449–1454.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Hutton B, Fergusson D, Tinmouth A, Mclntyre L, Kmetic A, Hebert PC. Transfusion rates vary significantly amongst Canadian medical centres. Can J Anaesth 2005 52:581–590.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Vincent JL, Baron JF, Reinhart K, et al., and the ABC (Anemia and Blood Transfusion in Critical Care) Investigators. Anemia and blood transfusion in critically ill patients. JAMA 2002;288:1499–1507.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Napolitano LM, Corwin HL, Fink MP, eds. Anemia in critical care: etiology, treatment and prevention. Crit Care 2004;8(suppl 2):S1–S64.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Napolitano LM. Review: scope of the problem: epidemiology of anemia and use of blood transfusions in critical care. Crit Care 2004;8(suppl 2):S1–S8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Hebert PC, Corwin HL. Blood transfusion in the critically ill. Crit Care Clin 2004;20:159–328.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Pearl RG, Wibbald WJ. Anemia and blood management in critical care. Crit Care Med 2003;31(12 suppl):S649–S715.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Corwin HL, Gettinger A, Pearl RG, et al. The CRIT Study: anemia and blood transfusion in the critically ill—current clinical practice in the United States. Crit Care Med 2004;32:39–52.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Shapiro MJ, Gettinger A, Corwin HL, et al. Anemia and blood transfusion in trauma patients admitted to the intensive care unit. J Trauma 2003;55:269–273; discussion 273–274.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Nemeth E, Rivera S, Gabayan V, et al. IL-6 mediates hypoferremia of inflammation by inducing the synthesis of the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin. J Clin Invest 2004;113:1271–1276.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Parreira JG, Rasslan S, Poli de Figueiredo LF, et al. Impact of shock and fluid resuscitation on the morphology and apopotosis of bone marrow: an experimental study. J Trauma 2004;56:1001–1008.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Goodnough LT. Risks of blood transfusion. Crit Care Med 2003;31(12 suppl):S678–S686.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Pealer LN, Marfin AA, Petersen LR, and West Nile Virus Transmission Investigation Team. Transmission of West Nile virus through blood transfusion in the United States in 2002. N Engl J Med 2003;349:1236–1245.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Goodnough LT. Risks of blood transfusion. Crit Care Med 2003;31(12 suppl):S678–S686.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Fiebig EW, Busch MP. Emerging infections in transfusion medicine. Clin Lab Med 2004;24:797–823, viii.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Hill GE, Frawley WH, Griffith KE, Forestner JE, Minei JP. Allogeneic blood transfusion increases the risk of postoperative bacterial infection: a meta-analysis. J Trauma 2003;54:908–914.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Innerhofer P, Klingler A, Klimmer C, Fries D, Nussbaumer W. Risk for postoperative infection after transfusion of white blood cell-filtered allogeneic or autologous blood components in orthopedic patients undergoing primary arthroplasty. Transfusion 2005;45:103–110.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Webert KE, Blajchman MA. Transfusion-related acute lung injury. Transfus Med Rev 2003;17:252–262.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Kopko PM, Marshall CS, MacKenzie MR, Holland PV, Popovsky MA. Transfusion-related acute lung injury: report of a clinical look-back investigation. JAMA 2002;287:1968–1971.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Silliman CC, Boshkov LK, Mehdizadehkashi Z, et al. Transfusion-related acute lung injury: epidemiology and a prospective analysis of etiologic factors. Blood 2003;101:454–462.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Goodnough LT, Hewitt PE, Silliman CC. Transfusion medicine: joint ASH and AABB educational session. Hematology (Am Soc Hematol Educ Program) 2004:457–72.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Toy P, Popovsky MA, Abraham E, et al., and the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Working Group on TRALI. Transfusion-related acute lung injury: definition and review. Crit Care Med 2005;33:721–726.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Kuduvalli M, Oo AY, Newall N, et al. Effect of peri-operative red blood cell transfusion on 30-day and 1-year mortality following coronary artery bypass surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2005;27:592–598.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Hebert PC, Wells G, Blajchman MA, et al. A multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial of transfusion requirements in critical care. Transfusion Requirements in Critical Care Investigators, Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. N Engl J Med 1999;340:409–417.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Hebert PC, Wells G, Blajchman MA, et al. A multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial of transfusion requirements in critical care. N Engl J Med 1999;340:409–417.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Shah JS, Hickey R. Anemia and blood transfusion in the critically ill: a decade without change. Crit Care Med 2004;32:290–291.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Shorr AF, Duh MS, Kelly KM, Kollef MH, and the CRIT Study Group. Red blood cell transfusion and ventilator-associated pneumonia: a potential link? Crit Care Med 2004;32:666–674.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Malone DL, Dunne J, Tracy JK, Putnam AT, Scalea TM, Napol-itano LM. Blood transfusion, independent of shock severity, is associated with worse outcome in trauma. J Trauma 2003;54:898–905;discussion 905–907.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Dellinger RP, Carlet JM, Masur H, et al, and the Surviving Sepsis Campaign Management Guidelines Committee. Surviving sepsis campaign guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock. Crit Care Med 2004;32:858–873.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Napolitano LM, Corwin HL. Efficacy of red blood cell transfusion in the critically ill. Crit Care Clin 2004;20:255–268.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Fernandes CJ Jr, Akamine N, De Marco FV, De Souza JA, Lagudis S, Knobel E. Red blood cell transfusion does not increase oxygen consumption in critically ill septic patients. Crit Care 2001;5:362–367.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Nishiyama T, Hanaoka K. Hemolysis in stored red blood cell concentrates: modulation by haptoglobin or ulinastatin, a protease inhibitor. Crit Care Med 2001;29:1979–1982.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Schechter AN, Gladwin MT. Hemoglobin and the paracrine and endocrine functions of nitric oxide. N Engl J Med 2003;348:1483–1485.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Expert Working Group. Guidelines for red blood cell and plasma transfusion for adults and children. CMAJ 1997;156(11 suppl):S1–S24.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Murphy MF, Wallington TB, Kelsey P, et al., and the British Committee for Standards in Haematology, Blood Transfusion Task Force. Guidelines for the clinical use of red cell transfusions. Br J Haematol 2001;113:24–31.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Practice guidelines for blood component therapy: a report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Blood Component Therapy. Anesthesiology 1996;84:732–747.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Eindhoven GB, Diercks RL, Richardson FJ, et al. Adjusted transfusion triggers improve transfusion practice in orthopaedic surgery. Transfus Med 2005;15:13–18.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Hill SR, Carless PA, Henry DA, et al. Transfusion thresholds and other strategies for guiding allogeneic red blood cell transfusion. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002;2:CD002042.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Williamson LM, Lowe S, Love EM, et al. Serious Hazards of Transfusion (SHOT) initiative: analysis of the first two annual reports. BMJ 1999;319:16–19.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Williamson L, Cohen H, Love E, Jones H, Todd A, Soldan K. The Serious Hazards of Transfusion (SHOT) initiative: the UK approach to haemovigilance. Vox Sang 2000;78(suppl 2):291–295.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Dzik WH, Corwin H, Goodnough LT, et al. Patient safety and blood transfusion: new solutions. Transfus Med Rev 2003;17:169–180.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Turner CL, Casbard AC, Murphy MF. Barcode technology: its role in increasing the safety of blood transfusion. Transfusion 2003;43:1200–1209.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Dzik WH, Corwin H, Goodnough LT, et al. Patient safety and blood transfusion: new solutions. In: Manuel BM, Nora PF, eds. American College of Surgeons Surgical Patient Safety: Essential Information for Surgeons in Today’s Environment. Amer Coll Surgeons, Chicago, 111 2004:119–132.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Dunne JR, Malone D, Tracy JK, Gannon C, Napolitano LM. Perioperative anemia: an independent risk factor for infection, mortality, and resource utilization in surgery. J Surg Res 2002;102:237–244.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Dunne JR, Gannon CJ, Osborn TM, Taylor MD, Malone DL, Napolitano LM. Preoperative anemia in colon cancer: assessment of risk factors. Am Surg 2002;68:582–587.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Ludwig H, VanBelle S, Barrett-Lee P, et al. The European Cancer Anemia Survey (ECAS): a large, multinational prospective survey defining the prevalence, incidence, and treatment of anemia in cancer patients. Eur J Cancer 2004;40:2293–2306.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Bokemeyer C, Aapro MS, Courdi A, et al. EORTC guidelines for the use of erythropoietic proteins in anaemic patients with cancer. Eur J Cancer 2004;40:2201–2216.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Rosencher N, Poisson D, Albi A, Aperce M, Barre J, Samama CM. Two injections of erythropoietin correct moderate anemia in most patients awaiting orthopedic surgery. Can J Anaesth 2005;52:160–165.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Myers E, Grady PO, Dolan AM. The influence of preclinical anaemia on outcome following total hip replacement. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2004;124:699–701. Epub October 29, 2004.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Bulow S, Christensen IJ, Harling H, et al.; Danish TME Study Group; RANX05 Colorectal Cancer Study Group. Recurrence and survival after mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. Br J Surg 2003;90:974–980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Mynster T, Nielsen HJ, Harling H, Bulow S, the Danish TME-group, and the RANX05-group. Blood loss and transfusion after total mesorectal excision and conventional rectal cancer surgery. Colorectal Dis 2004;6:452–457.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Kiran RP, Delaney CP, Senagore AJ, Millward BL, Fazio VW. Operative blood loss and use of blood products after laparoscopic and conventional open colorectal operations. Arch Surg 2004;139:39–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Vignali A, Braga M, Zuliani W, Frasson M, Radaelli G, Di Carlo V. Laparoscopic colorectal surgery modifies risk factors for postoperative morbidity. Dis Colon Rectum 2004;47:1686–1693.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. DiCarlo J, Barbagallo F, Toro A, Sofia M, Guastella T, Latteri F. Hepatic resections using a water-cooled, high-density, monopolar device: a new technology for safer surgery. J Gastrointest Surg 2004;8:596–600.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Ilbeigi P, Ahmed M, Szobota J, Munver R, Sawczuk IS. Open partial nephrectomy using saline-enhanced monopolar radiofrequency device: evaluation of novel surgical technique with TissueLink DS3.0 Dissecting Sealer. Urology 2005;65:578–582.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Schwartz M, Madariaga J, Hirose R, et al. Comparison of a new fibrin sealant with standard topical hemostatic agents. Arch Surg 2004;139:1148–1154.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Carless PA, Henry RA, Anthony DM. Fibrin sealant use for minimizing perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003;2:CD004171.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Tuncbilek G, Vargel I, Erdem A, Mavili ME, Benli K, Erk Y. Blood loss and transfusion rates during repair of craniofacial deformities. J Craniofac Surg 2005;16:59–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Sanders G, Mellor N, Rickards K, et al. Prospective randomized controlled trial of acute normovolaemic haemodilution in major gastrointestinal surgery. Br J Anaesth 2004;93:775–781. Epub October 1, 2004.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Wong JC, Torella F, Haynes SL, et al., and the ATIS Investigators. Autologous versus allogeneic transfusion in aortic surgery: a multicenter randomized clinical trial. Ann Surg 2002;235:145–151.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Sirvinskas E, Lenkutis T, Raliene L, Veikutiene A, Vaskelyte J, Marchertiene I. Influence of residual blood autotransfused from cardiopulmonary bypass circuit on clinical outcome after cardiac surgery. Perfusion 2005;20:71–75.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Mercer KG, Spark JI, Berridge DC, Kent PJ, Scott DJ. Randomized clinical trial of intraoperative autotransfusion in surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysm. Br J Surg 2004;91:1443–1448.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Szalay D, Wong D, Lindsay T. Impact of red cell salvage on transfusion requirements during elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Ann Vasc Surg 1999;13:576–581.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Clagett GP, Valentine RJ, Jackson MR, Mathison C, Kakish HB, Bengtson TD. A randomized trial of intraoperative autotransfusion during aortic surgery. J Vasc Surg 1999;29:22–30; discussion 30–31.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Carless PA, Henry DA, Moxey AJ, O’Connell Dl, Fergusson DA. Cell salvage for minimising perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003;4:CD001888.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Nagino M, Kamiya J, Arai T, Nishio H, Ebata T, Nimura Y. One hundred consecutive hepatobiliary resections for biliary hilar malignancy: preoperative blood donation, blood loss, transfusion, and outcome. Surgery 2005;137:148–155.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Yamamoto K, Imakiire A, Masaoka T, Shinmura K. Autologous blood transfusion in total hip arthroplasty. J Orthop Surg 2004;12:145–152.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Lennox PA, Clugston PA, Beasley ME, Bostwick J 3rd. Autologous blood transfusion in TRAM breast reconstruction: is it necessary? Ann Plast Surg 2004;53:532–535.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Henry DA, Carless PA, Moxey AJ, et al. Pre-operative autologous donation for minimising perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002;2:CD003602.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Laupacis A, Fergusson D. Drugs to minimize perioperative blood loss in cardiac surgery: meta-analyses using perioperative blood transfusion as the outcome. The International Study of Perioperative Transfusion (ISPOT) Investigators. Anesth Analg 1997;85:1258–1267.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Henry DA, Moxey AJ, Carless PA, et al. Anti-fibrinolytic use for minimising perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001;1:CD001886.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Alvarez JM, Jackson LR, Chatwin C, Smolich JJ. Low-dose postoperative aprotinin reduces mediastinal drainage and blood product use in patients undergoing primary coronary artery bypass grafting who are taking aspirin: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2001;122:457–463.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Carless PA, Henry DA, Moxey AJ, et al. Desmopressin for minimising perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004;1:CD001884.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Carless PA, Moxey AJ, Stokes BJ, Henry DA. Are antifibrinolytic drugs equivalent in reducing blood loss and transfusion in cardiac surgery? A meta-analysis of randomised head-to-head trials. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2005;5:19.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Goodnough LT. Autologous blood donation. Anesthesiol Clin North Am 2005;23:263–270.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. Pierson JL, Hannon TJ, Earles DR. A blood-conservation algorithm to reduce blood transfusions after total hip and knee arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2004;86-A:1512–1518.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Couvret C, Laffon M, Baud A, Payen V, Burdin P, Fusciardi J. A restrictive use of both autologous donation and recombinant human erythropoietin is an efficient policy for primary total hip or knee arthroplasty. Anesth Analg 2004;99:262–271.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Diprose P, Herbertson MJ, O’Shaughnessy D, Deakin CD, Gill RS. Reducing allogeneic transfusion in cardiac surgery: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of antifibrinolytic therapies used in addition to intra-operative cell salvage. Br J Anaesth 2005;94:271–278. Epub December 10, 2004.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Shander A, Moskowitz D, Rijhwani TS. The safety and efficacy of “bloodless” cardiac surgery. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2005;9:53–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Ray JG, Deniz S, Olivieri A, et al. Increased blood product use among coronary artery bypass patients prescribed preoperative aspirin and clopidogrel. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2003;3:3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Englberger L, Faeh B, Berdat PA, Eberli F, Meier B, Carrel T. Impact of clopidogrel in coronary artery bypass grafting. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2004;26:96–101.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Chen L, Bracey AW, Radovancevic R, et al. Clopidogrel and bleeding in patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2004;128:425–431.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Harder S, Klinkhardt U, Alvarez JM. Avoidance of bleeding during surgery in patients receiving anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet therapy: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations. Clin Pharmacokinet 2004;43:963–981.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Barie PS. Phlebotomy in the intensive care unit: strategies for blood conservation. Crit Care 2004;8(suppl 2):S34–S36.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Peruzzi WT, Parker MA, Lichtenthal PR, Cochran-Zull C, Toth B, Blake M. A clinical evaluation of a blood conservation device in medical intensive care unit patients. Crit Care Med 1993;21:501–506.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. O’Hare D, Chilvers RJ. Arterial blood sampling practices in intensive care units in England and Wales. Anaesthesia 2001;56:568–571.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Corwin HL. Anemia and blood transfusion in the critically ill patient: role of erythropoietin. Crit Care 2004;8(suppl 2):S42–S44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. The Clinical Use of Blood Handbook. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.

    Google Scholar 

  92. Busch MP, Kleinman SH, Nemo GJ. Current and emerging infectious risks of blood transfusions. JAMA 2003;289:959–962.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Guidelines for Canadian Clinical Practice Guidelines. Ottawa: Canadian Medical Association, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  94. Hebert PC. A multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial of transfusion requirements in clinical care. N Engl J Med 1999;340:439–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  95. Goodnough LT. Transfusion medicine, first of two parts. N Engl J Med 1999;340:438–447.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Consensus Conference: perioperative red blood cell transfusion. JAMA 1988;260:2700–2703

    Google Scholar 

  97. American College of Physicians. Practice strategies for elective red blood cell transfusion. Ann Intern Med 1992;116:403–406

    Google Scholar 

  98. Guidelines for Blood Transfusion Services at MGH.

    Google Scholar 

  99. The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics. Transfusion Guidelines.

    Google Scholar 

  100. Brundage S, Curet M, Dicker R, et al, and the Blood Transfusion Guidelines Committee. Blood Transfusion Guidelin, University of Michigan Medical Center.

    Google Scholar 

  101. Triulzi DJ (ed.) Blood Transfusion Therapy; A Physician’s Handbook, 6th ed. American Association of Blood Banks. Bethesda, MD, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  102. Guidelines for Blood Utilization Review. American Association of Blood Banks. Bethesda, MD, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  103. Simon TL, Alverson DC, AuBuchon J, et al. Practice parameter for the use of red blood cell transfusions. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1998;122:130–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. American Red Cross—New England Region. Red cell transfusion guidelines. Available at: http://www.newenglandblood.org/professional/redcellguide.htm.

    Google Scholar 

  105. National Institutes of Health. Fresh Frozen Plasma: Indication and Risks. NIH Consensus Statement. Bethesda, MD; National Institutes of Health, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  106. Task Force of the American College of American Pathologists. Practice parameter for the use of FFP, cryoprecipitate, and platelets. JAMA 1994;271:777–781.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  107. Practice guidelines for blood component therapy: Task Force of the American Society of Anesthesiologists. Anesthesiology 1996;84:498–501.

    Google Scholar 

  108. Rebulla P, Finazzi G, Marangoni F, et al. The threshold for prophylactic platelet transfusions in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. New Engl J Med 1997;337:1870–1875.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Schiffer CA, Anderson KC, Bennett CL, et al. Platelet transfusion for patients with cancer: clinical practice guidelines of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:1519–1538.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Pool JG, Shannon AE. Production of high potency concentrates of antihemophilic globulin in a closed bag system, assay in vitro and in vivo. N Engl J Med 1965;273:1443–1447.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. American Red Cross Blood Services—New England Region. Cryoprecipitate transfusion guidelines. Available at: http://www.newenglandblood.org/professional/cryoguide.htm.

    Google Scholar 

  112. Handbook of transfusion medicine. Available at: http://www.transfusionguidelines.org.uk/.

    Google Scholar 

  113. Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN). Perioperative blood transfusion for elective surgery. Edinburgh: Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN), October 2001. SIGN Publication no. 54.

    Google Scholar 

  114. Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN). Perioperative blood transfusion for elective surgery. Update to printed guideline. Edinburgh: Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN), August 31, 2004. Available at: http://www.sign.ac.uk/new.html.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Lena M. Napolitano MD (Professor, Chief, Program Director, Associate Chair)

  2. Surgical Critical Care, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Lena M. Napolitano MD (Professor, Chief, Program Director, Associate Chair)

  3. Surgical Critical Care Fellowship, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Lena M. Napolitano MD (Professor, Chief, Program Director, Associate Chair)

  4. Department of Critical Care, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Lena M. Napolitano MD (Professor, Chief, Program Director, Associate Chair)

Authors
  1. Lena M. Napolitano MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA

    Jeffrey A. Norton MD, FACS (Robert L. and Mary Ellenburg Professor, Chief) (Robert L. and Mary Ellenburg Professor, Chief)

  2. Divisions of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA

    Jeffrey A. Norton MD, FACS (Robert L. and Mary Ellenburg Professor, Chief) (Robert L. and Mary Ellenburg Professor, Chief)

  3. Departments of Surgery and Public Health, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA

    Philip S. Barie MD, MBA, FCCM, FACS (Professor, Chief) (Professor, Chief)

  4. Division of Critical Care and Trauma, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA

    Philip S. Barie MD, MBA, FCCM, FACS (Professor, Chief) (Professor, Chief)

  5. Departments of Surgery and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA

    R. Randal Bollinger MD, PhD, FACS (Professor) (Professor)

  6. Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Alfred E. Chang MD, FACS (Chief, Hugh Cabot Professor of Surgery) (Chief, Hugh Cabot Professor of Surgery)

  7. Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA

    Stephen F. Lowry MD, MBA, FACS (Professor and Chairman) (Professor and Chairman)

  8. Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA

    Stephen F. Lowry MD, MBA, FACS (Professor and Chairman) (Professor and Chairman)

  9. Department of Surgery, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA

    Sean J. Mulvihill MD, FACS (Professor and Chair, Senior Director of Clinical Affairs) (Professor and Chair, Senior Director of Clinical Affairs)

  10. Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA

    Sean J. Mulvihill MD, FACS (Professor and Chair, Senior Director of Clinical Affairs) (Professor and Chair, Senior Director of Clinical Affairs)

  11. Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA

    Harvey I. Pass MD, FACS (Professor) (Professor)

  12. Radiology, and Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA

    Robert W. Thompson MD, FACS (Professor of Surgery (Section of Vascular Surgery), Vice-Chairman for Research) (Professor of Surgery (Section of Vascular Surgery), Vice-Chairman for Research)

  13. Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA

    Robert W. Thompson MD, FACS (Professor of Surgery (Section of Vascular Surgery), Vice-Chairman for Research) (Professor of Surgery (Section of Vascular Surgery), Vice-Chairman for Research)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Napolitano, L.M. (2008). Transfusion Therapy. In: Norton, J.A., et al. Surgery. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-68113-9_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-68113-9_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-387-30800-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-387-68113-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation