The dispersion-compensating fiber is an important optical element of current and future optical networks. In this paper, we review the impact that various properties of dispersion-compensating fibers has on the performance of optical communication systems.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
E. Desurvire, Erbium-doped Fiber Amplifiers: Principles and Applications (John Wiley & Sons, 1994).
P.S. Henry, R.A. Linke, and A.H. Gnauck, Introduction to Lightwave Systems, in Optical Fiber Telecommunications II, edited by Stewart E. Miller and I.P. Kaminov (Academic Press, 1988), Chapter 21, pp. 781-831.
F.P. Kapron, D.B. Keck and R.D. Maurer, “Radiation losses in glass optical waveg-uides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 423-425 (1970).
D. Marcuse, A.R. Chraplyvy, and R.W. Tkach, “Effect of fiber nonlinearity on longdistance transmission,” J. Lightwave Technol. 9, 121-128 (1991).
D. Marcuse, “Single-channel operation in very long nonlinear fibers with optical amplifiers at zero dispersion,” J. Lightwave Technol. 9, 356-361 (1991).
C. Lin, H. Kogelnik, and L.G. Cohen, ”Optical-pulse equalization of low-dispersion transmission in single-mode fibers in the 1.3-1.7-μ;m spectral region,” Opt. Lett. 5, 476-478 (1980).
F. Ouellette, “Dispersion cancellation using linearly chirped Bragg grating filters in optical waveguides,” Opt. Lett. 12, 847-849 (1987).
L.J. Cimini, L.J. Greenstein, and A.A.M. Saleh, “Optical Equalization to Combat the Effects of Laser Chirp and Fiber Dispersion,” J. Lightwave Technol. 8, 649-659 (1990).
K. Iwashita and N. Takachio, “Chromatic dispersion compensation in coherent optical communications”, J. Lightwave Technol. 8, 367-375 (1990).
A.R. Chraplyvy, A.H. Gnauck, R.W. Tkach, and R.M. Derosier, “8 × 10 Gb/s transmission through 280-km of dispersion-managed fiber,” IEEE Photon. Tech-nol. Lett. 5, 1233-1235 (1993).
C. Kurtzke, “Suppression of fiber nonlinearities by appropriate dispersion man-agement,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 5, 1250-1253 (1993).
A.H. Gnauck, R.M. Jopson, P.P. Iannone, and R.M. Derosier, “Transmission of two wavelength-multiplexed 10 Gbit/s channels over 560 km of dispersive fibre,” Electron. Lett. 30, 727-728 (1994).
A. Naka, and S. Saito, “Transmission distance of in-line amplifier systems with groupvelocity- dispersion compensation,” J. Lightwave Technol. 13, 862-867 (1995).
M. Suzuki, I. Morita, N. Edagawa, S. Yamamoto, H. Taga, and S. Akiba, “Reduc-tion of Gordon-Haus timing jitter by periodic dispersion compensation in soliton transmission,” Electron. Lett. 31, 2027-2029 (1995).
R.A. Jensen, R.E. Tench, D.G. Duff, C.R. Davidson, C.D. Chen, O. Mizuhara, T.V. Nguyen, L.D. Tzeng, and P.D. Yeates, “Field Measurements of 10 Gb/s Line Rate Transmission on the Columbus-2B Submarine Lightwave System,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 7, 1366-1368 (1995).
J.C. Feggeler, D.G. Duff, N.S. Bergano, C.C. Chen, Y.C. Chen, C.R. Davidson, D.G. Ehrenberg, S.J. Evangelides, G.A. Ferguson, F.L. Heismann, G.M. Homsey, H.D. Kidorf, T.M. Kissell, A.E. Meixner, R. Menges, J.L. Miller Jr., O. Mizuhara, T.V. Nguyen, B.M. Nyman, Y.K. Park, W.W. Patterson, and G.F. Valvo, “10 Gb/s WDM Transmission Measurements on an Installed Optical Amplifier Undersea Cable System,” Electron. Lett. 31, 1676-1678 (1995).
A.R. Chraplyvy and R.W. Tkach, “Terabit/Second Transmission Experiments,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 34, 2103-2108 (1998).
J. Bromage, P.J. Winzer, and R.-J. Essiambre, Multiple-path interference and its impact on system design, in Raman Amplifiers and Oscillators in Telecommuni-cations, edited by M.N. Islam (Springer Verlag, 2003).
P.B. Hansen, G. Jacobovitz-Veselka, L. Gr üner-Nielsen, and A.J. Stentz, “Raman amplification for loss compensation in dispersion compensating fibre modules,” Electron. Lett. 34, 1136-1137 (1998).
P.B. Hansen, L. Eskildsen, A.J. Stentz, T.A. Strasser, J. Judkins, J.J. DeMarco, R. Pedrazzani, and D.J. DiGiovanni, “Rayleigh Scattering Limitations in Distributed Raman Pre-Amplifiers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10, 159-161 (1998).
A. Altuncu, L. Noel, W.A. Pender, A.S. Siddiqui, T. Widdowson, A.D. Ellis, M.A. Newhouse, A.J. Antos, G. Kar, and P.W. Chu, “40 Gbit/s error free transmission over a 68-km distributed erbium-doped fibre amplifier,” Electron. Lett. 32, 233-234 (1996).
L.F. Mollenauer, R.H. Stolen, and M.N. Islam, “Experimental demonstration of soliton propagation in long fibers: Loss compensated by Raman gain,” Opt. Lett. 10,229-231 (1985).
L.F. Mollenauer and K. Smith, “Demonstration of soliton transmission over more than 4000 km in fiber with loss periodically compensated by Raman gain,” Opt. Lett. 13, 675-677 (1988).
M.N. Islam (Ed.), Raman Amplifiers for Telecommunications 1: Physical Princi-ples and Raman Amplifiers for Telecommunications 2: Sub-Systems and Systems, Springer Series in Optical Sciences (Springer-Verlag, 2003).
H.J. Thiele, L. Molle, T. Eggert, F. Raub, and R. Freund, “S-band Erbium-Doped Fibre Amplifiers for 40 Gb/s WDM Transmission,” Proc. of the European Con-ference on Optical Communications (ECOC’04), paper Tu1.5.7 (2004).
R. Ohhira,Y. Yano, A. Noda, Y. Suzuki, C. Kurioka, M. Tachigori, S. Moribayashi, K. Fukuchi, T. Ono, and T. Suzuki, “40 Gbit/s × 8-ch NRZ WDM transmission experiment over 80 km × 5-span using distributed Raman amplification in RDF,” Proc. of the European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC’99), pp. 176-177 (1999).
T. Okuno, T. Tsuzaki, and M. Nishimura, “Novel lossless optical transmission line with distributed Raman amplification,” Proc. of the European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC’00), Vol. 2, pp. 7576 (2000).
I. Morita, K. Tanaka, N. Edagawa, and M. Suzuki, “40 Gbit/s × 16 WDM trans-mission over 2000 km using dispersion managed low-nonlinear fiber span,” Proc. of the European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC’00), Vol. 4, pp. 2526 (2000).
H.S. Chung, H. Kim, S.E. Jin, E.S. Son, D.W. Kim, K.M. Lee, H.Y. Park, and Y.C. Chung, “320-Gb/s WDM Transmission with 50-GHz Channel Spacing Over 564 km of Short-Period Dispersion-Managed Fiber (Perfect Cable),” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 12, 1397-1399 (2000).
T. Yamamoto, E. Yoshida, K. R. Tamura, K. Yonenaga, and M. Nakazawa, “640-Gbit/s Optical TDMTransmission Over 92 km Through a Dispersion-Managed Fiber Consisting of Single-Mode Fiber and Reverse Dispersion Fiber,” IEEE Pho-ton. Technol. Lett. 12, 353-355 (2000).
S.N. Knudsen, M.O. Pedersen, and L. Gr üner-Nielsen, “Optimisation of disper-sion compensating fibres for cabled long-haul applications,” Electron. Lett. 36, 2067-2068 (2000).
S.N. Knudsen, B. Zhu, L. E. Nelson, M.O. Pedersen, D.W. Peckham, and S. Stulz, “420 Gbit/s (4210 Gbit/s) WDM transmission over 4000 km of UltraWave fibre with 100 km dispersion-managed spans and distributed Raman amplification,” Electron. Lett. 37, 965-967 (2001).
B. Zhu, S.N. Knudsen, L.E. Nelson, D.W. Peckham, M.O. Pedersen, and S. Stulz, “800 Gbit/s (80 × 10.664 Gbit/s) WDM transmission over 5200 km of fibre employing 100km dispersion Managed spans,” Electron. Lett. 37, 1467-1469 (2001).
R. Hainberger, T. Hoshida, T. Terahara, and H. Onaka, “Comparison of Span Configurations of Raman-Amplified Dispersion-Managed Fibers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 14, 471-473 (2002).
C. Rasmussen, T. Fjelde, J. Bennike, F. Liu, S. Dey, B. Mikkelsen, P. Mamyshev, P. Serbe, P. van der Wagt, Y. Akasaka, D. Harris, D. Gapontsev, V. Ivshin, and P. Reeves- Hall, “DWDM 40G Transmission Over Trans-Pacific Distance (10 000 km) Using CSRZDPSK, Enhanced FEC, and All-Raman-Amplified 100-km UltraWave Fiber Spans,” J. Lightwave Technol. 22, 203-207 (2004).
T. Tsuritani, K. Ishida, A. Agata, K. Shimomura, I. Morita, T. Tokura, H. Taga, T. Mizuochi, N. Edagawa, and S. Akiba, “70-GHz-Spaced 40 42.7 Gb/s Transpacific Transmission Over 9400 km Using Prefiltered CSRZ-DPSK Signals, All-Raman Repeaters, and Symmetrically Dispersion-Managed Fiber Spans,” J. Lightwave Technol. 22, 215-223 (2004).
D.F. Grosz, A. Agarwal, A.P. K üng, S. Banerjee, D.N. Maywar, and T.H. Wood, “Performance of a ULH Single Wide-Band All-Raman DWDM Transmission System Over Dispersion-Managed Spans,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16, 1197-1199 (2004).
M.M.E. Said, J. Sitch, and M.I. Elmasry, “An electrically pre-equalized 10-Gb/s duobinary transmission system,” J. Lightwave Technol. 23, 388-400 (2005).
D. McGhan, C. Laperle, A. Savchenko, C. Li, G. Mak, and M. O’Sullivan, “5120 km RZ-DPSK transmission over G.652 fiber at 10 Gb/s with no optical disper-sion compensation,” Proc. of the Optical Fiber Communication (OFC’05), paper PDP27 (2005).
R.-J. Essiambre and P.J. Winzer, “Fibre Nonlinearities in Electronically Pre-Distorted Transmission,” Proc. of the European Conference on Optical Communi-cation (ECOC’05), invited paper Tu3.2.2 (2005).
P.J. Winzer and R.-J. Essiambre, “Electronic pre-distortion for advanced mod-ulation formats,” Proc. of the European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC’05), paper Tu4.2.2 (2005).
H. Sugahara, “Analysis of power jitter induced by interchannel interactions in dispersion-managed optical soliton transmission systems,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 13, 963-965 (2001).
S. Banerjee, A. Agarwal, D.F. Grosz, A.P. K üng, and D.N. Maywar, “Doubly pe-riodic Dispersion Maps for 10 Gb/s and 40 Gb/s Ultra-Long-Haul Transmission,” Electron. Lett. 40, 1287-1288 (2004).
C. Xie, “A doubly periodic dispersion map for ultralong-haul 10- and 40-Gb/s hybrid DWDM optical mesh networks,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 17, 1091-1093 (2005).
F. Forghieri, R.W. Tkach, A.R. Chraplyvy, and A.M. Vengsarkar, “Dispersion Compensating Fiber: Is There Merit in the Figure of Merit?” Proc. of the Optical Fiber Communications Conference (OFC’96), paper ThM5 (1996).
F. Forghieri, R.W. Tkach, and A.R. Chraplyvy, “Dispersion Compensating Fiber: Is There Merit in the Figure of Merit?” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 9, 970-972 (1997).
P. Sillard, B. Dany,A. Bertaina, L. Curinckx, C. Bastide, O. Courtois, J.-C.Antona, and S. Bigo, “Simple criterion of quality to evaluate DCM impact onWDM system performance,” Proc. of the Optical Fiber Communications Conference (OFC’04), paper FA3 (2004).
N.S. Bergano, Undersea communication systems, in Optical Fiber Telecommuni-cations IV B, edited by I. Kaminow and T. Li (Academic Press, 2002).
S.D. Personick, “Receiver design for digital fiber optic communication systems, I,” Bell. Syst. Technol. J. 52, 843-874 (1973).
G. Einarsson, Principles of Lightwave Communications (John Wiley & Sons, 1996).
G. P. Agrawal, Fiber-optic communication systems (John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edi- tion, 2002).
L. Kazovsky, S. Benedetto, andA. Willner, Optical Fiber Communication Systems (Artech House, Inc., 1996).
P.J. Winzer, “Receiver noise modeling in the presence of optical amplification,” Proc. of the Optical Amplifiers and their Applications (OAA’01), OTuE16 (2001); P.J. Winzer, Performance estimation of receivers corrupted by optical noise, in OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics (TOPS), vol. 60, (N. Jolley, J.D. Minelly, and Y. Nakano, eds.), pp 268-273, (2001).
P.J. Winzer, S. Chandrasekhar, and H. Kim, “Impact of filtering on RZ-DPSK reception,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 840-842 (2003).
R.D. Gitlin, J. F. Hayes, and S. B. Weinstein, Data Communications Principles, Plenum Press (1992).
P.J. Winzer and A. Kalmar, “Sensitivity Enhancement of Optical Receivers by Impulsive Coding,” J. Lightwave Technol. 17, 171-177 (1999).
P.J.Winzer, R.-J. Essiambre, and J. Bromage, “Combined Impact of Double-Rayleigh Backscatter and Amplified Spontaneous Emission on Receiver Noise,” Proc. of the Optical Fiber Communications Conference (OFC’02), PaperThGG87, pp. 734-735 (2002).
N.A. Olsson, “Lightwave Systems with Optical Amplifiers,” J. Lightwave Tech- nol. 7, 1071-1082 (1989).
P. Wan and J. Conradi, “Impact of Double Rayleigh Backscatter Noise on Digital and Analog Fiber Systems,” J. Lightwave Technol. 14, 288-297 (1996).
B.E.A. Saleh and M.C. Teich, Fundamentals of Photonics (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1991).
P.J. Winzer, R.-J. Essiambre, and S. Chandrasekhar, “Dispersion-tolerant optical communication systems,” Proc. of the European Conference on Optical Commu- nications (ECOC’04), paper We2.4.1 (2004).
R.G. Smith, “Optical Power Handling Capacity of Low Loss Optical Fibers as Determined by Stimulated Raman and Brillouin Scattering,” Appl. Opt. 11, 2489-2494 (1972).
M. Nissov, K. Rottwitt, H.D. Kidorf, and M.X. Ma, “Rayleigh Crosstalk in Long Cascades of Distributed Unsaturated Raman Amplifiers,” Electron. Lett. 35, 997-998 (1999).
M. Oskar van Deventer, “Polarization Properties of Rayleigh Backscattering in Single- Mode Fibers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 11, 1895-1899 (1993).
H.A. Haus, Electromagnetic noise and quantum optical measurements (Springer Verlag, 2000).
E. Desurvire, D. Bayart, B. Desthieux, and S. Bigo, Erbium-Doped Fiber Ampli-fiers, Device and System Developments (John Wiley & Sons, 2002).
R.I. Laming, M.N. Zervas, and D.N. Payne, “Erbium-doped fiber amplifier with 54 dB gain and 3.1 dB noise figure,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 4, 1345-1347 (1992).
P.C. Becker, N.A. Olsson, and J.R. Simpson, Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers Fundamentals and Technology (Academic Press, San Diego, 1999).
A. Yariv, H. Blauvelt, and S.-W. Wu, “A Reduction of Interferometric Phase-to-Intensity Conversion Noise in Fiber Links by Large Index Phase Modulation of the Optical Beam,” J. Lightwave Technol. 10, 978-981 (1992).
K. Shimizu, T. Horiguchi, andY. Koyamada, “Charateristics and Reduction of Co-herent Fading Noise in Rayleigh Backscattering Measurement for Optical Fibers and Components,” J. Lightwave Technol. 10, 982-987 (1992).
B. Wedding, “New method for optical transmission beyond dispersion limit,” Electron. Lett. 28, 1298-1300 (1992).
R.S. Vodhanel, A.F. Elrefaie, M.Z. Iqbal, R.E. Wagner, J.L. Gimlett, and S. Tsuji, “Performance of directly modulated DFB lasers in 10-Gb/sASK, FSK, and DPSK lightwave systems,” J. Lightwave Technol. 8, 1379-1386 (1990).
F.N. Timofeev, P. Bayvel, V. Mikhailov, O.A. Lavrova, R. Wyatt, R. Kashyap, M. Robertson, and J.E. Midwinter, “2.5 Gbit/s directly-modulated fibre grating laser for WDM networks,” Electron. Lett. 33, 1406-1407 (1997)
L. Nelson, I. Woods, and J. K. White, “Transmission over 560 km at 2.5 Gb/s using a directly modulated buried heterostructure gain-coupled DFB semiconductor laser,” Proc. of the Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC’02), pp. 422-423(2002).
P.J. Winzer and R.-J. Essiambre, “Advanced optical modulation formats,” Proc. of the European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC’03), paperTh2.6.1, pp. 1002-1003 (2003).
P.J. Winzer and R.-J. Essiambre, “System trade-offs for different optical modula-tion formats,” Proc. of the Optical Amplifiers and Their Applications (OAA”04), OTuC4 (2004).
P.J. Winzer, C. Dorrer, R.-J. Essiambre, and I. Kang, “Chirped return-to-zero modulation by imbalanced pulse carver driving signals,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16, 1379-1381 (2004).
H. Kim and R.-J. Essiambre, “Transmission of 8×20 Gb/s DQPSK signals over 310-km SMF with 0.8-b/s/Hz spectral efficiency,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15,769-771 (2003).
R. Griffin, R. Johnstone, R. Walker, S. Wadsworth, A. Carter, and M. Wale, “Integrated DQPSK transmitter for dispersion-tolerant and dispersion-managed DWDM transmission,” Proc. of the Optical Fiber Communications Conference (OFC’03), pp. 770-771 (2003).
S. Walklin and J. Conradi, “On the relationship between chromatic dispersion and transmitter filter response in duobinary optical communication systems,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 9, 1005-1007 (1997); [comments by D. Penninckx: IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10, 902 (1998).]
J.H. Winters and R.D. Gitlin, “Electrical signal processing techniques in long-haul fiber-optic systems”, IEEE Trans. Commun. 38, 1439-1453 (1990).
F. Buchali, H. Bulow, and W. Kuebart, “Adaptive decision feedback equalizer for 10 Gbit/s dispersion mitigation,” Proc. of the European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC’00), Vol. 2, pp. 101-102 (2001).
D. Castagnozzi, “Digital signal processing and electronic equalization (EE) of ISI,” Proc. of the Optical Fiber Communications Conference (OFC’04), paper WM6 (2004).
H.F. Haunstein, K. Sticht, A. Dittrich, M. Lorang, W. Sauer-Greff, and R. Urban-sky, “Implementation of near optimum electrical equalization at 10 Gbit/s,” Proc. of the European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC’00), Vol. 3, pp. 223-224 (2000).
F. Buchali and H. Bulow, “Adaptive PMD compensation by electrical and optical techniques,” J. Lightwave Technol. 22, 1116-1126 (2004).
G.S. Kanter, A.K. Samal, O. Coskun, and A. Gandhi,“Electronic equalization for enabling communications at OC-192 rates using OC-48 components,” Optics Express 11, 2019-2029 (2003).
C.R. Doerr, A.H. Gnauck, L.W. Stulz, and D.M. Gill, “Using an optical equalizer to transmit a 43-Gb/s signal with an 8-GHz bandwidth modulator,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 1624-1626 (2003).
C.R. Doerr, S. Chandrasekhar, P.J. Winzer, A.R. Chraplyvy, A.H. Gnauck, L.W. Stulz, R. Pafchek, and E. Burrows, “Simple multichannel optical equalizer mitigat-ing intersymbol interference for 40-Gb/s nonreturn-to-zero signals,” J. Lightwave Technol. 22, 249-256 (2004).
P.J. Winzer and R.-J. Essiambre, “Receivers for advanced optical modulation formats,” Proc. of the 16th annual meeting of IEEE/LEOS (LEOS”03), paper ThA1 (2003).
A.J. Weiss, “On the performance of electrical equalization in optical fiber trans-mission systems,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 1225-1227 (2003).
S.L. Woodward, S.-Y. Huang, M.D. Feuer, and M. Boroditsky, “Demonstration of an electronic dispersion compensator in a 100-km 10-Gb/s ring network,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 867-869 (2003).
M.D. Feuer, S.-Y. Huang, S.L. Woodward, O. Coskun, and M. Boroditsky, “Elec-tronic dispersion compensation for a 10-Gb/s link using a directly modulated laser,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 1788-1790 (2003).
P.J. Winzer, F. Fidler, M.J. Matthews, L.E. Nelson, S. Chandrasekhar, L.L. Buhl, M. Winter, and D. Castagnozzi, “Electronic equalization and FEC enable bidirectional CWDM capacities of 9.6 Tb/s-km,” Proc. of the Optical Fiber Communications Conference (OFC’04), paper PDP7 (2004).
C.R.S. Fludger, J.E.A. Whiteaway, and P.J. Anslow, “Electronic Equalisation for Low Cost 10 Gbit/s Directly Modulated Systems,” Proc. of the Optical Fiber Communications Conference (OFC’04), paper WM7 (2004).
M. Cavallari, C.R.S. Fludger, and P.J. Anslow, “Electronic Signal Processing for Differential Phase Modulation Formats,” Proc. of the Optical Fiber Communica-tions Conference (OFC’04), paper TuG2 (2004).
A. Faerbert, S. Langenbach, N. Stojanovic, C. Dorschky, T. Kupfer, C. Schulien, J.P. Elbers, H. Wernz, H. Griesser, and C. Glingener, “Performance of a 10.7 Gb/s receiver with digital equalizer using maximum likelihood sequence estimation,” Proc. of the European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC’04), paper Th4.1.5 (2004).
T. Mizuochi, K. Kubo, H. Yoshida, H. Fujita, H. Tagami, M. Akita, and K. Mo-toshima, “Next generation FEC for optical transmission systems,” Proc. of the Optical Fiber Communications Conference (OFC’03), paper ThN1 (2003).
S. Chandrasekhar and L. L. Buhl, “Performance of forward error correction coding in the presence of in-band crosstalk,” Proc. of the Optical Fiber Communications Conference (OFC’02), paper WP1 (2002).
G.P. Agrawal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics, 3rd Edition (Academic Press, San Diego, 2001).
R.-J. Essiambre, B. Mikkelsen, and G. Raybon, “Intra-channel cross-phase mod-ulation and four-wave mixing in high-speed TDM systems,” Electron. Lett. 35, 1576-1578 (1999).
P.V. Mamyshev and N.A. Mamysheva, “Pulse-overlapped dispersion-managed data transmission and intra-channel four-wave mixing,” Opt. Lett. 24, 1454-1456 (1999).
R.-J. Essiambre, G. Raybon, and B. Mikkelsen, Pseudo-linear transmission of highspeed TDM signals: 40 and 160 Gb/s, in Optical Fiber Telecommunications IV B, edited by I. Kaminov and T. Li, pp. 232-304 (Academic Press, 2002).
R.-J. Essiambre, P. Winzer, J. Bromage, and C.H. Kim , “Design of Bidirectionally Pumped Fiber Amplifiers Generating Double Rayleigh Backscattering,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 14, 914-916 (2002).
C. Fukai, K. Nakajima, J. Zhou, K. Tajima, K. Kurokawa, and I. Sankawa, “A Study of the Optimum Fiber Design for a Distributed RamanAmplification Transmission System, “ IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 1642-1644 (2003).
H.S. Seo, Y.G. Choi, and K.H. Kim, “Design of Transmission Optical Fiber With a High Raman Gain, Large Effective Area, Low Nonlinearity, and Low Double Rayleigh Backscattering,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16, 72-74 (2004).
P. Pecci, S. Lanne,Y. Frignac, J-C. Antona, G. Charlet and S. Bigo, “Tolerance to dispersion compensation parameters of six modulation formats in systems oper-ating at 43Gbit/s,” Proc. of the European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC’03), paper We3.5.5 (2003).
H. Kogelnik, L.E. Nelson, and R.M. Jopson, Polarization-mode dispersion, in Op-tical Fiber Telecommunications IV B, edited by I. Kaminow and T. Li (Academic Press, 2002).
P.J. Winzer, H. Kogelnik, C.-H. Kim, H. Kim, R.M. Jopson, L.E. Nelson, and K. Ramanan, “Receiver Impact on first-order PMD Outage,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 1482-1484 (2003).
S.R. Chinn, “Analysis of counter-pumped small-signal fibre Raman amplifiers,” Electron. Lett. 33, 607-608 (1997).
A. Kobyakov, M. Vasilyev, S. Tsuda, G. Giudice, and S. Ten, “Analytical model for Raman noise figure in dispersion-managed fibers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 30-32 (2003).
A. Carena, V. Curri, and P. Poggiolini, “On the Optimization of Hybrid Raman/ Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 13, 1170-1172 (2001).
E.M. Dianov, “Advances in Raman fibers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 20, 1457-1462 (2002).
W. Hatton and M. Nishimura, “Temperature dependence of chromatic dispersion in single mode fibers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 4, 1552-1555 (1986).
K.S. Kim and M.E. Lines, “Temperature dependence of chromatic dispersion in dispersion-shifted fibers: Experiment and analysis,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 2069-2074 (1993).
K. Yonenaga, A. Hirano, S. Kuwahara, Y. Miyamoto, H. Toba, K. Sato, and H. Miyazawa, “Temperature-independent 80 Gbit/s OTDM transmission experiment using zero-dispersion-flattened transmission line,” Electron. Lett. 36, 343-345 (2000).
M.J. Hamp, J. Wright, M. Hubbard, and B. Brimacombe, “Investigation into the temperature dependence of chromatic dispersion in optical fiber,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 14, 1524-1526 (2002).
H.C. Ji, J.H. Lee, and Y.C. Chung, “Evaluation on system outage probability due to temperature variation and statistically distributed chromatic dispersion of optical fiber,” J. Lightwave Technol. 22, 1893-1898 (2004).
A. Walter, G.S. Schaefer, “Chromatic dispersion variations in ultra-long-haul transmission systems arising from seasonal soil temperature variations,” Proc. of the Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC’02), paper WU4, 332-333 (2002).
R. Kashyap, Fiber Bragg Gratings (Harcourt Brace & Company, 1999).
L.E. Nelson, R.M. Jopson, A.H. Gnauck, and A.R. Chraplyvy, “Resonances in cross-phase modulation impairment in wavelength-division-multiplexed light-wave transmission,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 11, 907-909 (1999).
G. Bellotti and S. Bigo, “Cross-phase modulation suppressor for multispan dis-persionmanaged WDM transmissions,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 12, 726-728 (2000).
M.H. Eiselt, “Does spectrally periodic dispersion compensation reduce nonlin-ear effects?,” Proc. of the European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC’99), paper TuC1.2 (1999).
G. Bellotti, S. Bigo, P.-Y. Cortes, S. Gauchard, and S. LaRochelle, “10/spl times/10 Gb/s cross-phase modulation suppressor for multispan transmissions using WDM narrow-band fiber Bragg gratings,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 12, 1403-1405 (2000).
M.H. Eiselt, C.B. Clausen, and R.W. Tkach, “Performance Characterization of Components With Group Delay Fluctuations,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 1076-1078 (2003).
International Standard IEC 60794-3, Part 3: “Optical fiber cables,” September 2001, Appendix A.
L. Gr üner-Nielsen, S.N. Knudsen, B. Edvold, T. Veng, D. Magnussen, C.C. Larsen, and H. Damsgaard, “Dispersion Compensating Fibres,” Opt. Fiber Technol. 6, 164-180 (2000).
Y. Painchaud, M. Lapointe, and M. Guy, “Slope-matched tunable dispersion com-pensation over the full C-band based on fiber Bragg gratings,” Proc. of the Euro-pean Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC’04), paper We3.3.4 (2004).
L.M. Lunardi, D.J. Moss, S. Chandrasekhar, L.L. Buhl, M. Lamont, S. McLaugh-lin, G. Randall, P. Colbourne, S. Kiran, and C.A. Hulse, “Tunable Dispersion Compensation at 40-Gb/s Using a Multicavity Etalon All-Pass Filter With NRZ, RZ, and CS-RZ Modulation,” J. Lightwave Technol. 20, 2136-2144 (2002).
D.N. Maywar, S. Banerjee, A. Agarwal, D.F. Grosz, M. Movassaghi, A.P. K üng, and T.H. Wood, “Impact of relaxed dispersion map and gain ripple on ultra-wideband 10-Gb/s transmission,” Electron. Lett. 39, 1266-1267 (2003).
A. Agarwal, S. Banerjee, D.F. Grosz, A.P. K üng, D.N. Maywar, T.H. Wood, “Ultralong- haul transmission of 40 Gb/s RZ-DPSK in a 10/40G hybrid system over 2500 km of NZ-DSF,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 1779-1781 (2003).
M. Vasilyev, I. Tomkos, J.-K. Rhee, M. Mehendale, B.S. Hallock, B.K. Szalabofka, M. Williams, S. Tsuda, M. Sharma, “Broadcast and Select OADM in 80 × 10.7 Gb/s ultra-longhaul network”, J. Lightwave Technol. 15, 332-334 (2003).
D.F. Grosz, A. Agarwal, S. Banerjee, D.N. Maywar, and A.P. K üng, “All-Raman Ultralong-Haul Single-Wideband DWDM Transmission Systems With OADM Capability,” J. Lightwave Technol. 22, 423-432 (2004).
M. Morin, M. Poulin, A. Mailloux, F. Trepanier, and Y. Painchaud, “Full C-Band slope-matched dispersion compensation based on a phase sampled Bragg grating,” Proc. of the Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC’04), paper WK1 (2004).
X. Shu, K. Sugden, P. Rhead, J. Mitchell, I. Felmeri, G. Lloyd, K. Byron, Z. Huang, I. Khrushchev, and I. Bennion, “Tunable Dispersion Compensator Based on Distributed Gires-Tournois Etalons,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 1111-1113 (2003).
S. Doucet, R. Slavk, and S. LaRochelle, “Tunable Dispersion and Dispersion Slope Compensator Using Novel Gires-Tournois Bragg Grating Coupled-Cavities,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16, 2529-2531 (2004).
D. Yang, C. Lin, W. Chen, and G. Barbarossa, “Fiber Dispersion and Dispersion Slope Compensation in a 4-Channel 10-Gb/s 3200-km Transmission Experiment Using Cascaded Single-Cavity Gires-Tournois Etalons,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16, 299-301 (2004).
C.-H. Hsieh, R. Wang, Z.J. Wen, I. McMichael, P. Yeh, C.-W. Lee, and W.-H. Chen, “Flat-Top Interleavers Using Two Gires-Tournois Etalons as Phase-Dispersive Mirrors in a Michelson Interferometer,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 242-244 (2003).
G. Lenz and C.K. Madsen, “General Optical All-Pass Filter Structures for Disper-sion Control in WDM Systems,” J. Lightwave Technol. 17, 1248-1254 (1999).
C.K. Madsen and G. Lenz, “Optical All-Pass Filters for Phase Response Design with Applications for Dispersion Compensation,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10, 994-996 (2003)
C.K. Madsen, E.J. Laskowski, J. Bailey, M.A. Capuzzo, S. Chandrasekhar, L.T. Gomez, A. Griffin, P. Oswald, and L.W. Stulz, “The Application of Integrated Ring Resonators to Dynamic Dispersion Compensation,” Proc. of the Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC’02), Paper TuJ2, pp. 29-30 (2002).
S. Ramachandran, S. Ghalmi, S. Chandrasekhar, I. Ryazansky, M.F. Yan, F.V. Dimarcello, W.A. Reed, and P. Wisk, “Tunable Dispersion Compensators Utilizing Higher Order Mode Fibers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 727-729 (2003).
H. Ooi, K. Nakamura, Y. Akiyama, T. Takahara, T. Terahara, Y. Kawahata, H. Isono, and G. Ishikawa, “40-Gb/s WDM Transmission With Virtually Imaged Phased Array (VIPA) Variable Dispersion Compensators,” J. Lightwave Technol. 20,2196-2203 (2002).
T.A. Birks, D. Mogilevtsev, J.C. Knight, and P.St.J. Russell, “Dispersion Compen-sation Using Single-Material Fibers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 11, 674-676 (1999).
Y. Ni, L. Zhang, L. An, J. Peng, and C. Fan, “Dual-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber for Dispersion Compensation,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16, 1516-1518 (2004).
M. Yagi, S. Satomi, S. Tanaka, S. Ryu, and S. Asano, “Field Trial of Automatic Chromatic Dispersion Compensation for 40-Gb/s-Based Wavelength Path Protec-tion,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 17, 229-231 (2005).
D.F. Grosz, A. K üng, D.N. Maywar, L. Altman, M. Movassaghi, H.C. Lin, D.A. Fishman, and T.H. Wood, “Demonstration of All-Raman Ultra-Wide-Band Trans-mission of 1.28 Tb/s (128 × 10 Gb/s) over 4000 km of NZ-DSF with Large BER Margins,” Proc. of the European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC’01), Paper PD B.1.3, pp. 72-73 (2001).
D.F. Grosz, D.N. Maywar, A.P. K üng, A. Agarwal, and S. Banerjee, “Performance of Non-Fiber Based Dispersion Compensation for Long-haul 10.7 Gb/s DWDM Transmission,” Electron. Lett. 40, 825-827 (2004).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Essiambre, RJ., Winzer, P.J., Grosz, D.F. (2007). Impact of DCF properties on system design. In: Fiber Based Dispersion Compensation. Optical and Fiber Communications Reports, vol 5. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-48948-3_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-48948-3_12
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-40347-2
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-48948-3
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)