Abstract
Recent biochemical and proteomic approach has identified a CtBP super complex consisting of a host of chromatin modifying enzymes. Analysis of this complex has led to the appreciation that enzymes that mediate deacetylation and histone H3 lysine 9 methylation are present in the same biochemical complex, which facilitates coordinated histone modifications important for establishing repressive chromatin. Importandy, studies of this complex also resulted in the finding of the first histone demethylase LSDI, which represses transcription by demethylating histone K4, where methylation is linked to active transcription. It is anticipated that additional important new insights will be gained from further investigation of this unusual transcriptional repression machine.
CtBP is a transcriptional corepressor and is one of the three main transcriptional cofactors that are directly targeted by the viral oncoprotein E1A during oncogenic transformation.1 To explore mechanisms by which CtBP mediates transcriptional repression, a biochemical approach was taken to isolate proteins that are associated with CtBP. This effort has led to the identification of a CtBP super-complex, consisting of, among others, six potential enzymatic activities.2 While the exact composition of this super-complex may differ in different cell types, characterization of these enzymatic functions in HeLa cells has already provided significant insight into mechanism of action of CtBP and eukaryotic gene regulation. Below we provide a brief discussion of the enzymatic components of the CtBP complex and our current understanding of their individual as well as coordinated enzymatic actions in transcriptional repression. While other aspects of CtBP are covered in other chapters, this chapter is largely confined to the CtBP super complex.
Keywords
- Repressive Chromatin
- Transcriptional Corepressor
- Polycomb Protein
- Chromatin Modify Enzyme
- Histone Deacetylase Complex
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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Shi, YJ., Shi, Y. (2007). CtBP Corepressor Complex. In: GtBP Family Proteins. Molecular Biology Intelligence Unit. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-39973-7_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-39973-7_8
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