Abstract
CtBP family proteins are unique in animals and in plants. The invertebrates and plants contain a single CtBP family gene while vertebrates have two genes. Genetic studies in Drosophila and in mice indicate that CtBPs play pivotal roles in animal development. The vertebrate CtBPs (CtBPl and CtBP2) are highly related and are functionally redundant for certain developmental processes and non redundant for others. The vertebrates code two isoforms of each CtBPl and CtBP2. The animal CtBPs exhibit a highly conserved sequence and structural similarity to D-isomer specific 2-hydroxy acid dehydrogenases (D2-HDH). Structural and molecular modeling studies indicate that CtBPl is a dehydrogenase and could also bind with acyl-CoA under a different configuration. The CtBP family members function predominantly as transcriptional corepressors in the nucleus in conjunction with a number of different DNA binding repressors. The transcriptional regulatory activity of CtBPs appears to be regulated by NAD(H)-binding and the metabolic status of the cell. The compressor complex of CtBPl contains enzymatic constituents that mediate coordinated histone modification by deacetylation and methylation of histone H3-K9 and demethylation of histone H3-K4. In the cytosol, they perform diverse functions associated with membrane trafficking, central nervous system synapses and in regulation of the microtubule cytoskeleton. The mammalian CtBPs modulate oncogenesis by regulating the activities of tumor suppressor genes and cellular and viral oncogenes, consistent with a role in tumor suppression as well as in tumor promotion. The CtBPs promote tumorigenesis by repressing transcription of several critical pro-apoptotic genes and by inhibiting genes involved in the regulation of epithelial to mesen-chymal transition. This Chapter presents a comprehensive general review of the CtBP field and highlights contents of the individual Chapters of this book which contain detailed discussions on structure and functions of animal and plant CtBP family proteins.
Keywords
- Transcriptional Repression
- Drosophila Embryo
- Microtubule Cytoskeleton
- Mouse Embryo Fibroblast
- Ribbon Synapse
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Chinnadurai, G. (2007). CtBP Family Proteins. In: GtBP Family Proteins. Molecular Biology Intelligence Unit. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-39973-7_1
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