This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Aldrich, H., Cater, J., Jones, T., McEvoy, D. and Velleman, P. (1985). Ethnic Residential Concentration and the Protected Market Hypothesis. Social Forces 63: 996–1009.
Antecol, H. (2004). The History of Selective Immigration in Australia, Canada, and the United States. Brussels Economic Review, Special Edition: Selective Immigration—Consequences for Source and Destination Countries.
Antecol, H., Cobb-Clark, D. A. and Trejo, S. J. (2003a). Immigration Policy and the Skills of Immigrants to Australia, Canada, and the United States. Journal of Human Resources 38(1): 192–218.
Antecol, H., Cobb-Clark, D. A. and Trejo, S. J. (2003b). The Skills of Female Immigrants to Australia, Canada, and the United States. In Host Societies and the Reception of Immigrants, J. G. Reitz (Ed.), pp. 327–359. Center for Comparative Immigration Studies, San Diego, CA.
Antecol, H., Kuhn, P. and Trejo, S. (2003). Assimilation via Prices or Quantities? Labor Market Institutions and Immigrant Earnings Growth in Australia, Canada, and the United States. Discussion Paper No. 802, IZA, Bonn.
Aronson, R. L. (1991). Self-Employment: A Labor Market Perspective. ILR Press, Ithaca, NY.
Baker, M. and Benjamin, D. (1994). The Performance of Immigrants in the Canadian Labor Market. Journal of Labor Economics 12: 369–405.
Bloom, D., Grenier, G. and Gunderson, M. (1995). The Changing Labor Market Position of Canadian Immigrants. Canadian Journal of Economics 28: 987–1005.
Borjas, G. (1985). Assimilation, Changes in Cohort Quality and the Earnings of Immigrants. Journal of Labor Economics 3: 463–489.
Borjas, G. (1986). The Self-Employment Experience of Immigrants. Journal of Human Resources 21: 485–506.
Borjas, G. (1993). Immigration Policy, National Origin and Immigrant Skills: A Comparison of Canada and the United States. In Small Differences That Matter: Labor Markets and Income Maintenance in Canada and the United States, D. Card and R. Freeman (Eds). University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Borjas, G. (1995). Assimilation and Changes in Cohort Quality Revisited: What Happened to Immigrant Earnings in the 1980s? Journal of Labor Economics 13: 201–245.
Borjas, G. and Bronars, S. (1989). Consumer Discrimination and Self-Employment. Journal of Political Economy 97: 581–605.
Boyd, R. L. (1990). Black and Asian Self-Employment in Large Metropolitan Areas: A Comparative Analysis. Social Problems 37: 258–269.
Briggs, V. M., Jr. (1984). Immigration Policy and the American Labor Force. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
Carroll, G. R. and Mosakowski, E. (1987). The Career Dynamics of Self-Employment. Administrative Sciences Quarterly 32: 570–589.
Chiswick, B. R. (1978). The Effect of Americanization on the Earnings of Foreign-Born Men. Journal of Political Economy 86: 897–921.
Chiswick, B. R. (1986). Immigration Policy, Source Countries and Immigrant Skills: Australia, Canada and the United States. In The Economics of Immigration: Proceedings of the Conference held at the Australian National University. Australian Government Printing Service, Canberra.
Clark, K. and Drinkwater, S. (1998). Ethnicity and Self-Employment in Britain. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 60: 383–407.
Clark, K. and Drinkwater, S. (2000). Pushed Out or Pulled In? Self-Employment among Ethnic Minorities in England and Wales. Labour Economics 7: 603–628.
Clark, K. and Drinkwater, S. (2002). Enclaves, Neighborhood Effects and Employment Outcomes: Ethnic Minorities in England and Wales. Journal of Population Economics 15: 5–29.
Fairlie, R. and Meyer, B. (1996). Ethnic and Racial Self-Employment Differences and Possible Explanations. Journal of Human Resources 31: 757–793.
Fairlie, R. and Woodruff, C. (2004). Mexican Entrepreneurship: A Comparison of Self-employment in Mexico and the United States. Working Paper, University of California Santa Cruz.
Flota, C. and Mora, M. T. (2001). The Earnings of Self-Employed Mexican-Americans along the U.S.-Mexico Border. Annals of Regional Science 35: 483–499.
Green, A. G. (1995). A Comparison of Canadian and U.S. Immigration Policy in the Twentieth Century. In Diminishing Returns, D. DeVoretz (Ed.). CD Howe Institute and Laurier Institution, Toronto.
Green, A. G. and Green, D. A. (1995). Canadian Immigration Policy: The Effectiveness of the Point System and Other Instruments. Canadian Journal of Economics 28: 1006–1041.
Lalonde, R. J. and Topel, R. (1992). The Assimilation of Immigrants in the U.S. Labor Market. In Immigration and the Workforce, G. J. Borjas and R. Freeman (Eds). University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Le, A. T. (2000). The Determinants of Immigrant Self-Employment in Australia. International Migration Review 13: 183–214.
Lester, L. and Richardson, S. (2004). A Comparison of Australian and Canadian Immigration Policies and Labour Market Outcomes. Report to the Department of Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affair. Commonwealth of Australia.
Li, P. (1998). The Chinese in Canada. Second Edition Oxford University Press, Toronto.
Light, I. (1972). Ethnic Entrepreneurs in America. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.
Light, I. (1984). Immigrant and Ethnic Enterprise in North America. Ethnic and Racial Studies 7: 195–216.
Light, I. and Bonacich, E. (1988). Immigrant Entrepreneurs: Koreans in Los Angeles 1965–1982. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.
Light, I. and Rosenstein, C. (1995). Race, Ethnicity and Entrepreneurship in Urban America. Aldine de Gruyter, New York.
Lofstrom, M. (2002). Labor Market Assimilation and the Self-Employment Decision of Immigrant Entrepreneurs. Journal of Population Economics 15: 83–114.
Mata, F. and Pendakur, R. (1998). Immigration, Labor Force Integration and the Pursuit of Self-Employment. RIIM Working Paper #98-05.
Metcalf, H., Mohood, T. and Virdee, S. (1996). Asian Self-Employment: The Interaction of Culture and Economics. Policy Studies Institute, London.
Miller, P. W. (1999). Immigration Policy and Immigrant Quality: The Australian Points System. American Economic Review 89: 192–197.
Min, P. G. (1984). From White Collar Occupations to Small Business: Korean Immigrants’ Occupational Adjustment. The Sociological Quarterly 25: 333–352.
Min, P. G. (1988). Ethnic Business Enterprise: Korean Small Business in Atlanta. Center for Migration Studies, New York.
Moore, R. L. (1983). Employer Discrimination: Evidence from Self-Employed Workers. Review of Economics and Statistics 65: 496–501.
Parker, S. C. (2004). The Economics of Self-Employment and Entrepreneurship. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Phizacklea, A. (1988). Entrepreneurship, Ethnicity and Gender. In Enterprising Women, S. Westwood and P. Bhachu (Eds). Routledge, London.
Rafiq, M. (1992). Ethnicity and Enterprise: A Comparison of Muslim and Non-Muslim Owned Asian Businesses in Britain. New Community 19: 43–60.
Razin, E. and Longlois, A. (1996). Metropolitan Characteristics and Entrepreneurship Among Immigrants and Ethnic Groups in Canada. International Migration Review 30: 703–727.
Schuetze, H. J. (2000). Taxes, Economic Conditions and Recent Trends in Male Self-Employment: A Canada-U.S. Comparison. Labor Economics 7: 507–544.
Schuetze, H. J. (2005). The Self-Employment Experience of Immigrants to Canada. Working Paper, University of Victoria, BC, Canada.
Schuetze, H. J. and Bruce, D. (2004). Tax Policy and Entrepreneurship. Swedish Economic Policy Review 11(2): 233–265.
Sowell, T. (1981). Markets and Minorities. Basic Books, New York.
Wong, L. and Ng, M. (2002). The Emergence of Small Transnational Enterprise in Vancouver: The Case of Chinese Immigrant Entrepreneurs. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 26(3): 508–530.
Yuengert, A. M. (1995). Testing Hypothesis of Immigrant Self-Employment. Journal of Human Resources 30: 194–204.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Schuetze, H.J., Antecol, H. (2006). Immigration, Entrepreneurship and the Venture Start-up Process. In: Parker, S. (eds) The Life Cycle of Entrepreneurial Ventures. International Handbook Series on Entrepreneurship, vol 3. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-32313-8_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-32313-8_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-32156-1
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-32313-8
eBook Packages: Business and EconomicsBusiness and Management (R0)