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Polymer–Iron Oxide Based Magnetic Nanocomposites

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Hybrid Nanocomposites for Nanotechnology

Abstract

The thrust to develop magnetic particles, both fundamentally and technologically, arose out of the necessity for application of this in many spheres of the human race. Physical and chemical properties of lower dimension (nanoscale) particles are very much different from their bulk counterpart. Magnetic nanocomposites depicted quite a few unique properties like very low as well as very high coercivity, superparamagnetism, blocking temperature etc., which opened up new vistas in this area. It was quite evident that iron oxide, in different phases and alloys formed the basic macroscopic magnetic material. In the past few decades it was clear that besides developing magnetic particles as a pure material, there arose a tremendous compulsion to probe into diversions for an inter disciplinary area engulfing chemical and biological sciences for the benefit of mankind. One such effort resulted in determining the compatibility of nano-scale magnetic particles (metal oxides, particularly iron oxide) with polymeric materials to form organic/inorganic composites. Amongst the many questions, which generated with time, a few have been typically selected and addressed in this chapter. This chapter primarily concentrates on ways to prepare (both chemical and physical processes), understand structural aspects, magnetic behavior, electrical and optical properties of polymer–iron oxide based magnetic nanocomposites. Some interesting applications are discussed at the end of the chapter.

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Abbreviations

CCD:

Charge coupled device

CM:

Ceramic method

DTA:

Differential thermal analysis

FTIR:

Fourier transform infrared

GCR:

Glass-ceramic route

HEBM:

High-energy ball milling

IAA:

Iron (III) tris (3-allylacetylacetonate)

IO:

Iron oxide

IS:

Isomer shift

KG:

Kilo gauss

MBE:

Molecular beam epitaxy

MER:

Magnetite epoxy resins

MF:

Magnetic fluids

MS:

Mössbauer spectroscopy

MW:

Microwave

MZF:

Manganese zinc ferrite

nm:

Nanometer

NR :

Natural rubber

NZF:

Nickel zinc ferrite

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

PMAA:

Poly-methacrylic acid

PVA:

Polyvinyl acetate

PVB:

Poly vinyl butyral

RFC :

Rubber ferrite composite

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

SGM :

Sol-gel method

TEM :

Transmission electron microscope

UV :

Ultra-violet

VSM :

Vibrating sample magnetometer

XPS :

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

XRD :

X-ray diffraction

mm :

Micrometer

m-XRF :

Micro-focus X-ray fluorescence

E a :

Anisotropy energy

E z :

Zeeman energy

H c :

Coercive force

H eff :

Hyperfine field

k :

Boltzmann’s constant

K :

Anisotropy constant

M s :

Saturation magnetization of individual domain

M sa :

Saturation magnetization of the assembly or assembled particles

M r :

Remanence magnetization

T B :

Blocking temperature

T c :

Curie temperature

T N :

Néel temperature

V :

Volume

Δ :

Quadrupole splitting

β :

Full width at half maximum (FWHM)

λ :

X-ray wavelength

τ :

Relaxation time

μ :

Magnetic moment

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Acknowledgements

I (AD) am highly grateful to the Department of Science and Technology (DST) – Funds for Improvement in Science and Technology (FIST) for providing essential support to build the basic infrastructure for research and development, and the graduate advance laboratory for academic development in our department. I am also thankful to the University Grants Commission (UGC) to provide me scope and funds by granting me a project UGC-MNR (2002–2004) in an area which was fairly new to me. I thank all my colleagues in our department and members of my family who provided me the impetus and encouragement to complete this chapter despite of many shortcomings. I am indebted to Dr M. Pal who on my request joined me as coauthor, in the final stage, to make this chapter a success. Finally, I must thank Prof. L. Merhari for giving me the opportunity to form such a chapter, providing me constant guidance and attending to any of my queries.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Presidency College, Kolkata 700 073, India

    Mrinal Pal & Abhijit De

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  1. Mrinal Pal
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  2. Abhijit De
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Correspondence to Abhijit De .

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  1. CERAMEC, Limoges, France

    Lhadi Merhari

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Pal, M., De, A. (2009). Polymer–Iron Oxide Based Magnetic Nanocomposites. In: Merhari, L. (eds) Hybrid Nanocomposites for Nanotechnology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30428-1_11

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