Abstract
Space is a dangerous environment. In addition to the challenges of heat transfer by radiation, an object in space is bathed in strong ultraviolet light from the Sun, and by nuclear radiation. Further, as a result of the large relative velocities involved in orbital and interplanetary flight, even specks of dust in space can have the kinetic energy of a rifle bullet. While our understanding of this environment has improved over the years, it continues to take its toll, often unavoidably.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Notes
Telstar 1: Dawn of a New Age, J.M. Early, SMEC Vintage Electrics, vol. 2, 1990.
Aviation Week & Space Technology, 15 May 1989, p. 52.
‘Pioneer 10 and 11 Jovian encounters: radiation dose and biological lethality’, M.W. Miller, G.E. Kaufman and H.D. Maillie, Life Sciences and Space Research, 1976, vol. 14, p. 195.
Pioneer: First to Jupiter, Saturn and Beyond, R.O. Fimmel, J. van Allen and E. Burgess, SP-446, NASA, 1980, p. 171.
‘In-flight observations of multiple-bit upset in DRAMS’, G.M. Swift and S.M. Guertin, IEEE Transactions in Nuclear Science, vol. 47(6) in press.
‘Instrument and spacecraft faults associated with nuclear radiation in space’, J.H. Trainor, Advances in Space Research, vol. 14, no. 10, 1994, p. 685.
‘Instrument and spacecraft faults associated with nuclear radiation in space’, J.H. Trainor, Advances in Space Research, vol. 14, no. 10, 1994, p. 685.
‘On-orbit anomalies in the TOMS-EP Earth sensors’, B.P. Robertson, J.K. San and V.H. Selby, AAS 97-073 in Guidance and Control 1997, Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, vol. 94, p. 331.
‘PRARE 2: Building on the lessons learnt from ERS 1’, W. Schaefer and W. Schumann, ESA Bulletin, no. 83, August 1995.
‘Determining the cause of a satellite break-up: A case study of the Kosmos 1275 breakup’, D.S. McKnight, IAF Congress, IAA-87-573, 1987.
Aviation Week & Space Technology, 9 March 1992, p. 19.
‘The risk to satellite tethers from meteoroid and debris impacts,’ N. McBride and E.A. Taylor, in Second European Conference on Space Debris, B. Kaldeich-Schurmann and B. Harris (eds), ESA SP-393, European Space Agency, 1997, p. 643.
‘The potential danger to space platforms from meteor storm activity’, M. Beech, P. Brown and J. Jones, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 1995, p. 127.
The Story of Space Station Mir, D.M. Harland, Springer-Praxis, 2004, p. 225.
‘Olympus and the 1993 Perseids: Lessons for the Leonids’, D. Caswell, Leonids Threat Conference Manhattan Beach, 26–27 April 1998.
Giotto to the Comets, N. Calder, Presswork, 1992.
‘Giotto-Halley encounter: When was the large nutation generated?’ M. Paetzold, M.K. Bird and H. Volland, Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 244, 1991, L17.
‘Solar array degradation by dust impacts during cometary encounters’, R.D. Lorenz, Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, vol. 35, 1998, p. 579.
‘The propulsion systems of the Phase-Ill series satellites’, R. Daniels, AMSAT-NA Technical Journal, vol. 1, no. 2, 1987–1988, p. 9.
‘Magellan star scanner experiences: what a long, strange trip it’s been’, E.H. Seale, AAS 91-072, Guidance and Control 1991, Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, vol. 74, 1992, p. 513.
The Evening Star: Venus Observed, H.S.F. Cooper, Johns Hopkins Press, 1994, p. 46.
Solar System Log, A. Wilson, Jane’s, 1987, p. 58.
Mars Odyssey Mission Status, 13 March 2002.
Failures and Anomalies Attributed to Spacecraft Charging, R.D. Leach and M.B. Alexander, NASA RP-1375, Marshall Space Flight Center, August 1995.
‘Pager satellite failure may have been related to disturbed space environment’, D.N. Baker, J.R. Allen, S.G. Kanekal and G.D. Reeves, EOS, 6 October 1998, p. 477.
Aviation Week & Space Technology, 31 January 1994, p. 28.
Aviation Week & Space Technology, 7 February 1994, p. 58.
Aviation Week & Space Technology, 31 January 1994, p. 28.
Spacecraft System Failures and Anomalies Attributed to the Natural Space Environment, K.L. Bedingfield, R.D. Leach and M.B. Alexander, NASA RP-1390, August 1996.
Solar System Log, A. Wilson, Jane’s, 1987, p. 72.
‘Radiation-induced anomalies in satellites’, E.G. Stassiniopoulos, G.J. Brucker, J.N. Adolphsen and J. Barth, Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, vol. 33, no. 6, 1996, p. 877.
Spacecraft System Failures and Anomalies Attributed to the Natural Space Environment, K.L. Bedingfield, R.D. Leach and M.B. Alexander, NASA RP-1390, August 1996.
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Praxis Publishing Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
(2005). Environmental failures. In: Space Systems Failures. Springer Praxis Books. Praxis. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-27961-9_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-27961-9_13
Publisher Name: Praxis
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-21519-8
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-27961-9
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)