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Introduction to Organic Light-Emitting Devices

  • Chapter
Organic Light-Emitting Devices

Abstract

Using organic materials for light-emitting devices (LEDs) is fascinating due to their vast variety and the relative ease of controlling their composition to tune their properties by chemical means. The first organic electroluminescence (EL) cells were fabricated and studied in an ac mode in 1953 by Bernanose et al.,1 and in a dc mode in 1963 by Pope and coworkers.2 Soon after ac EL was also achieved using an emissive polymer.3 The observation of bright EL with an external quantum efficiency η ext , defined as the number of photons emitted from the face of the device per injected electron or hole, of 4–6% in anthracene crystals with powdered graphite electrodes marked another milestone.4 However, single-crystal anthracene-based organic LEDs (OLEDs) were thick and hence required very high operating voltages. The fabrication of bright green multilayer thin film devices based on tris-(8-hydroxy quinoline) Al (Alq3), which yielded η ext ~ 1%,5 spawned a period of intense research and development, on both small molecular OLEDs and polymer LEDs (PLEDs), which continues to grow at a fast rate.6,7,8 Figure 1.1 shows the molecular structures of some small molecules widely used in OLEDs; Figure 1.2 shows the structures of some π-conjugated and other polymers. Figure 1.3 shows several photoluminescence (PL) spectra of films and EL spectra of OLEDs based on these molecules.9–12

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  1. Ames Laboratory — USDOE & Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA

    Joseph Shinar

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    Vadim Savvateev

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Shinar, J., Savvateev, V. (2004). Introduction to Organic Light-Emitting Devices. In: Shinar, J. (eds) Organic Light-Emitting Devices. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-21720-8_1

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