Abstract
With the increasing diagnosis of malignant skin lesions in the adult population, knowledge about the frequency, types, and presentations of pediatric eyelid malignancies becomes important. Though not a common condition, eyelid malignancies in children require a different thought process than those found in adults. Rather than occurring as isolated lesions, most pediatric malignant eyelid lesions occur as part of a systemic process that manifests itself in the eyelid or as a clinically recognizable lesion that over time has a defined risk for malignant transformation in the eyelid or elsewhere in the body. Most children (defined here as those individuals age 18 years and under) with a malignant lesion of the eyelid, even a basal cell carcinoma, will require additional specialty or subspecialty referral to ensure adequate evaluation and treatment of any systemic manifestations of disease.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Doxanas MT, Green W, Arentsen JJ, Elsas FJ. Lid lesions of childhood: a histopathologic survey at the Wilmer Institute (1923–1974). J Pediatr Ophthalmol. 1976; 13: 7–13.
Kraemer KH, Lee MM, Scotto J. Xeroderma pigmentosa: cutaneous, ocular and neurologic abnormalities in 830 published cases. Arch Dermatol. 1987; 123: 241–250.
Boring CB, Squires TS, Tong T, Montgomery S. Cancer statistics, 1994. CA Cancer J Clin. 1994; 44: 7–26.
Henriksson C, Eldh J, Hersle K, Suurkula M. Basal cell carcinoma in children. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg. 1981; 15: 157–158.
Milstone EB, Helwig EG. Basal cell carcinoma in children. Arch Dermatol. 1973; 108: 523–527.
McLean IW, Burnier MN, Zimmerman LE, Jakobiec FA. Tumors of the Eye and Ocular Adnexa, 3d series. Washington, DC: AFIP; 1994: 19.
Shields JA, Shields CL. Ocular tumors of childhood. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1993; 40: 805–826.
Anderson DE, Taylor WB, Falls HF, Davidson RT. The nevoid basal cell syndrome. Am J Hum Genet. 1967; 19: 12–22.
Kass LG, Hornblass A. Sebaceous carcinoma of the ocular adnexa. Sury Ophthalmol. 1989; 33: 477–490.
Boniuk M, Zimmerman LE. Sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid, eyebrow, caruncle and orbit. TAAOO. 1968; 72: 619–641.
Lemos LB, Santa Cruz DJ, Baba N. Sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid following radiation therapy. Am J Pathol. 1978; 2: 305–311.
Knapp H. On hypertrophy and degeneration of the meibomian glands. Trans Am Ophthal Soc. 1903; 10: 57–63.
Ni C, Searl SS, Kuo PK, et al. Sebaceous cell carcinomas of the ocular adnexa. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 1982; 22: 23–61.
Schlernitzauer DA, Font RL. Sebaceous gland carcinoma of the eyelid following radiation therapy for cavernous hemangioma of the face. Arch Ophthalmol. 1976; 94: 1523–1525.
Goyal JL, Rao VA, Srninivasan R, Agrawal K. Oculocutaneous manifestations in xeroderma pigmentosa. Br J Ophthalmol. 1994; 78: 295–297.
Calugaru M, Barsu M. Exuberant epibulbar tumor penetrating into the orbit in xeroderma pigmentosa. Oftalmologia. 1992; 36: 375–381.
Hertle RW, Durso F, Metzler JP, Varsa EW. Epibulbar squamous cell carcinomas in brothers with xeroderma pigmentosa. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1991; 28: 350–353.
Kraemer KH, Lee MM, Scotto J. DNA repair protects against cutaneous and internal neoplasia: evidence from xeroderma pigmentosa. Carcinogenesis. 1984; 5: 511–514.
Doxanas MT, Iliff WJ, Iliff NT, Green WR. Squamous cell carcinoma of the eyelids. Ophthalmology. 1987; 94: 538–541.
Rigel DS, Friedman RJ, Kopf AW. The incidence of malignant melanoma in the United States: issues as we approach the 21st century. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1996; 34: 839–847.
Trozak DJ, Rowland WD, Hu F. Metastatic malignant melanoma in prepubertal children. Pediatrics. 1975; 55: 191–204.
Traboulsi EI, Zimmerman LE, Manz HJ. Cutaneous malignant melanoma in survivors of heritable retinoblastoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 1988; 106: 1059–1061.
Garner A, Koornneef L, Levene A, Collin JR. Malignant melanoma of the eyelid skin: histopathology and behavior. Br J Ophthalmol. 1985; 69: 180–186.
Harris TJ, Hinckley DM. Melanoma of the head and neck in Queensland. Head Neck Surg. 1983; 5: 197–203.
Mortada A. Incidence of melanomata of ocular adnexa in U.A.R. (Egypt). Bull Ophthalmol Soc Egypt. 1969; 62: 321–328.
Naidoff MA, Bernadino VB, Clark WH Jr. Melanocytic lesions of the eyelid skin. Am J Ophthalmol. 1976; 82: 371–377.
Urist MM. Surgical management of primary cutaneous melanoma. CA Cancer J Clin. 1996; 46: 217–224.
Lorentzen M, Pers M, Bretteville-Jensen G. The incidence of malignant transformation in giant pigmented nevi. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg. 1977; 11: 163–171.
Margo CE, Habal MB. Large congenital melanocytic nevus: light and electron microscopic findings. Ophthalmology. 1987; 94: 960–966.
Day RS. Zeroderma pigmentosa variants have decreased repair of ultraviolet-damaged DNA. Nature. 1975; 253: 748749.
Fehman S, Apt L, Roth A. The basal cell nevus syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol. 1974; 78: 222–226.
Compton JG, Goldstein AM, Turner M, et al. Fine mapping of the locus for nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome on chromosome 9q. J Invest Dermatol. 1994; 103: 178–181.
Zackheim HS, Loud AV, Howell AB. Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome: some histologic observations on the cutaneous lesions. Arch Dermatol. 1966; 93: 317–323.
Hammani H, Faggioni R, Streiff EB, Daiker B. Le syndrome d’epitheliomatose naevobasaocellulaire multiple. Ophthalmologica. 1976; 172: 382–399.
Wilkes SR, Campbell RJ, Walker RR. Ocular malformations associated with the ipsilateral facial nevus of Jadassohn. Am J Ophthalmol. 1981; 92: 344–349.
Diven DG, Solomon AR, McNelly MC, Font RL. Nevus sebaceous associated with major ophthlamic abnormalities. Arch Dermatol. 1987; 123: 383–398.
Wilson-Jones E, Hey! T. Naevus sebaceus: a report of 140 cases with special regard to the development of secondary malignant tumors. Br J Dermatol. 1970; 82: 99–112.
Katz B, Wiley CA, Lee VW. Optic nerve hypoplasia and the syndrome of nevus sebaceous of Jadassohn. Ophthalmology. 1987; 94: 1570–1576.
Insler MI, Davim L. Ocular findings in linear sebaceous nevus syndrome. Br J Ophthalmol. 1987; 71: 268–272.
Zalla MJ. Kaposi’s sarcoma: an update. Dermatol Surg. 1996; 22: 274–287.
Nance KV, Smith ML, Joshi VV. Cutaneous manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in children. Int J Dermatol. 1991; 30: 531–539.
Connor E, Boccon-Gibod L, Joshi V, et al. Cutaneous AIDS-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma in pediatric patients. Arch Dermatol. 1990; 126: 791–793.
Webster GF. Local therapy for mucocutaneous Kaposi’s sarcoma in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Dermatol Surg. 1995; 21: 205–208.
Dugel PU, Gill PS, Frangieh GT, Rao N. Treatment of ocular adnexal Kaposi’s sarcoma in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ophthalmology. 1992; 99: 1127–1132.
Ghabriel R, Quivey JM, Dunn JP, Char DH. Radiation therapy of AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma of the eyelids and conjunctiva. Arch Ophthalmol. 1992; 110: 1423–1426.
Favara BE, Jaffe R. Pathology of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 1987; 1: 75–92.
Moore AT, Pritchard J, Taylor DSI. Histiocytosis X: an ophthalmological review. Br J Ophthalmol. 1985; 69: 7–13.
Favara BE, McCarthy RL, Milerau GW. Histocytosis X. Hum Pathol. 1983; 14: 663–669.
Warner TFCS, Uno H, Hafez R, et al. Merkel cells and Merkel cell tumors: ultrastructure, immunocytochemistry and review of the literature. Cancer. 1983; 52: 238–245.
Gherardi G, Marveggio C, Stiglich F. Parotid metastasis of Merkel cell carcinoma in a young patient with ectodermal dysplasia: diagnosis by fine needle aspiration cytology and immunocytochemistry. Acta Cytol. 1990; 34: 831–836.
Guccion J, Font RL, Enzinger FM, et al. Extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. Arch Pathol. 1973; 95: 336–340.
Rohrbach JM, Steuhl KP, Pressler H, et al. Primary extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the lid. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1991; 229: 172–177.
Knowles DM, Jakobiec FA, Potter GD, Jones IS. Ophthalmic striated muscle neoplasms: a clinico-pathologic review. Sury Ophthalmol. 1976; 21: 219–261.
Rodriquez MM, Lubowitz RM, Shannon GM. Mucinous (adenocystic) carcinoma of the eyelid. Arch Ophthalmol. 1973; 89: 493–496.
Wright SD, Font RL. Mucinous sweat gland adenocarcinoma of the eyelid: a clinicopathologic study of 21 cases with histochemical and electron microscopic observations. Cancer. 1979; 44: 1757–1771.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Fries, P.D. (2002). Malignant Pediatric Eyelid Tumors. In: Katowitz, J.A. (eds) Pediatric Oculoplastic Surgery. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-21630-0_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-21630-0_14
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-2858-0
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-21630-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive